Change consensus mechanism Introduction 2.0 Ethernet core of the Square

Author: Ghost in Linguan Hong / fingertips

Nuggets: juejin.im/user/587f0d...

Blog: www.cnblogs.com/linguanh/

GitHub ： github.com/af913337456…

Tencent cloud column: cloud.tencent.com/developer/u...

Wormhole block chain Column: www.chongdongshequ.com/article/153...

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table of Contents

• prologue
• Ethernet Square 2.0 participants
• Block life cycle
• Consensus optimization algorithm
• 2.0 Consensus Process

prologue

以太坊Is 区块链领域an application, the application for the public-chain, the latter 真子集.

This article from a 区块的生命周期point of view to introduce 以太坊 2.0compared to 1.Xwhat had been different, the main point is to 共识算法change.

Ethernet Square 2.0 participants

Note that the current version 2.0 has not formally launched, some features still in development, including, but not limited to, the introduction of the following 新技术点or 名词:

1. 信标链It will manage the verification participation consensus. Comprising but not limited to:
   • Management verifier.
     • ETH become involved in mortgage ordinary address verifier
     • For various reasons 自己退出verifier
     • Punish and kicked verifier
   • Provide randomness.
     • 随机分配验证者Article chain fragment to a
     • 随机选择轮到提议Verifier
     • ...
   • Tracking and updating mortgages verifier.
     • The success of the block vote and won奖励
     • Do not vote, and absenteeism is 处罚, what we call "quadratic leak (secondary leakage)."
     • Operation is evil惩罚
   • Cross-linked, joined together the entire chain fragmentation.
     • When different 交易are assigned to different blocks, block slice at different chain, the 信标链responsible for their 数据/通讯consistent, for example 合约的调用.
   • Connected thereto in response to the verifier client software.
     • By then, everyone can use 终端设备to download 信标链软件and become a verifier, to participate in ecological management 2.0.
2. 验证者, 2.0 blocks actors involved in ecology, ordinary Ethernet Square to the designated address by intelligent contract 抵押 32 个ETHto become the verifier.
3. 分片链, With a number, it will manage 被打包的交易, verify who will be 随机分配here, building blocks, and then wait in line, block or refuse to vote block.
4. EWASMThe virtual machine system on the slice, is an upgraded version of the EVM. The figure is its github project home page.
5. ...

Block life cycle

Based 以太坊 1.8.11versions of source code. 请注意这个前提, Belongs version title is:大都会 之 上章 --- 拜占庭

First we look at 以太坊 1.8.11the 区块生命周期illustrations. At a glance, as shown below. An obvious point is: 以太坊the 挖矿算法still PoW 算力挖矿. This also led to the most serious block of time where you want to increase the speed of the block, the optimization 共识算法is a key point.

Consensus optimization algorithm

Will 以太坊the PoWalgorithm is a modification in the earlier initiatives already declared the Ethernet Square team. The original process plan:

PoW --> (PoW + PoS) --> PoS

About PoWconsensus algorithm 通俗讲解to see me this article: a consensus algorithm block chain: a general introduction and forked popular explanation

About PoSconsensus algorithm 通俗讲解to see me this article: a consensus algorithm block chain: PoS and example code implementation

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The current, has released a 君士旦丁堡version of itself that is converted to PoSa consensus, but unfortunately still is PoW.

Version 2.0 is the last version of the Ethernet Square now planning: Serenity（宁静）it is in this version, Ethernet Square team will be introducing a new clear 共识机制, participate together to achieve this change is the role of this article 以太坊 2.0 参与者those sections mentioned.

Because Ethernet Square began to use a public chain it is PoW 共识机制already running for a long time. It is different from a number of new public chain, at the beginning of the performance can pick a better consensus algorithm, the previous 吃螃蟹者base --- Bitcoin chain on the public, it also uses a PoW. Therefore, to the present, with the deployment of on top of it DAppwhen the more original, and to consider the transaction speed to support more demanding applications, it must be upgraded.

Upgrade now, we need to consider more questions, such as:

1. Still to keep to the center, because it is one of the core features of the block chain.
2. Effective against the threat of decentralized consensus, such as the power center of the PoW count to consider.
3. Block consensus of cost considerations, such as the calculation of power consumption of power resources.
4. For the old camp node consensus mechanism will lead to the birth of a hard fork chain.
5. Data block before the engagement of the block chain.
6. Improve the trading block and packaged throughput of.
7. Block is verified speed.
8. ...

For 第六点, since the block efficiency of a direct impact on the success of the transaction is packed successful efficiency, transaction success rate also changes followed.

2.0 Consensus Process

A combination of the previous section 以太坊 2.0 参与者discussed the various roles, Ethernet Square consensus mechanism 2.0, now appears to be in line with PoSpatterns, why is it seems? Because the 2.0 release yet, so before that everything is variable.

At block life processes in 进行共识a next step may be subdivided into FIG.

There are two important figures random:

1. Randomly assigned to the verifier 分片链. Collection from the verifier, the verifier selected parts of a slice assigned to a chain.
2. Random proposal verifier. The proposed verifier proposal where their slice of the production chain block for other fragmentation chain verifier vote. Votes can be cast approval votes cast may also refuse to vote.

Note: 叔块The concept does not currently exist to confirm if they would be 以太坊2.0in, therefore, do not make the figure.

Finally, we can look Ethernet Square 2.0 官方overall architecture diagram:

And some may run into when provisional 信标链communication of 客户端软件:

Finish