mkfs.vfat / dev / block / mmcblk0pxxxx vfat format to format a partition
busybox mkfs.vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0pxxxx
mount -t vfat -o ro, uid = 0, gid = 1000, fmask = 0027, dmask = 0027 / dev / block / mmcblk0pxx / mnt / partion the / dev / block / mmcblk0pxx according to read-only, the root user, system group, access mask to root read-write executables, system readable perform, other users do not have permission to mount / mnt / partion directory
Remount the partition need to uninstall and then re remount
umount / mnt / pation closed all access to the file system before // uninstall, close all open files
mount -t vfat -o rw,uid=0,gid=1000,fmask=0027,dmask=0027 /dev/block/mmcblk0pxx /mnt/partion
Planning disk partition: fdisk
Second, formatted disk partition: mkfs.xxx
Third, mount the disk partitions: mount, umount
Fourth, the file system management: e2abel, blkid, tun2fs, df
5, switched automatically mount: / etc / fstab
Sixth, expand
1, swap partition plan, and Automatic Mounting
2, mount folder
3, autofs trigger mount
4, NTFS partitions to create, mount, use
One: Planning Disk Partitions
1, View disk partition: fdisk -l
Format: fdisk -l [disk name]
Example:
[Root @ localhost ~] # fdisk -l / dev / sda // If you do not specify the disk name, all disk partitions listed
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 25 200781 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 26 2575 20482875 83 Linux
/ Dev / sda3 2576 3850 10241437+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 3851 7832 31985415 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 3851 4111 2096451 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 4112 5085 7823623+ 83 Linux
[root@localhost ~]#
2, planning disk partition: fdisk common options
m: View help information
p: List View partition information
n: New Partition
d: delete partition
t: change the partition type (when using t, and if you do not know)
w: Save the partition settings and exit
q: give up the partition settings and exit
Example: fdisk disk partition interactive division: http://murongqingqqq.blog.51cto.com/2902694/1361896
Second, formatted disk partition
Formatting tools: mkfs
mkfs -t type file system partition device
Or use mkfs.xxx partition device
[root@localhost ~]#mkfs.
mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat
We can see, mkfs. May be followed by the format, which is the file system type of the connected behind -t.
Note:
- when in use, mkfs as the preceding paragraph, each program by calling -t
- by -L option to specify the volume label for the file system when using mkfs.ext3
- You can specify the time by using the -F option mkfs.vfat FAT digit (the default is 32, is generally not specified, because the specified time can only specify 16 or 32, 16-bit is now generally do not)
- When using mkfs.xxx format a partition device, you need to perform the following update about partprobe disk partition, or can not find the partition you want to format may appear.
Third, mount the disk partitions: mount, umount
1, mount command
- Format: mount [options] device mount point name
Common command options
-a: load all configured fstab file system
Note: After modifying / etc / fstab file, you can use the command mount -a or reboot to re-add
Upload it to mount the file system, then if there is a new add swap partition, the mount may not succeed, then,
Need to restart, the district can mount a successful general, if there is an error, you need to modify the / etc / fatab
document content.
-t: Specifies the file system type
-o: Specifies the mount parameters
ro / rw: read-only / read-write (read-write default)
acl / noacl: Enable / disable ACL (disabled by default)
exec / noexec: turn on / off executive power (turned on by default, if not, the program is right there x
Limit, this partition is also not allowed. )
Then when a program has the suid permissions; enable / disable SUID (enabled by default: suid / nosuid
Designate, for example, mkdir, if this partition does not support suid, then build on this partition
Li directory does not belong to the owner of mkdir)
guid / noguid: Enable / Disable GUID
remount: remount (Usage: mount -o remount, exec / dev / sdb1 / data / tools)
Mount default property of a partition: rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, async
-L: Use label loading apparatus (with e2label / dev / sdb1 "tools" label setting / dev / sdb1 for tools,
Using mount -L tools / data / tools to mount / dev / sdb1 partition. )
Note:
Mounting a iso file with the mount when you need to specify its type with the -o parameter
Because the contents of the file ios end of which is impossible to see, so you need to mount a directory during viewing.
Such as:
mount -o loop linux.iso / tmp / isofs /: linux.iso will mount the file to the / tmp / isofs / directory
2. unmount the file system: umount
Format: umount the device name / mount point (recommended unmount the file system by way of a mount point)
Common command options:
-a: uninstall all non-pseudo file system is mounted
Note: The pseudo file system: not entered, a file system for storing data
E.g. headroom in the system, with a view to command df-hT tmpfs file system type that file / dev / shm is, a pseudo file system.
Example:
[root@localhost ~]# df -hT
File system type available capacity has been used with a mount point%
/dev/sda2 ext3 19G 2.7G 16G 15% /
/dev/sda1 ext3 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 1005M 0 1005M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 ext3 19G 173M 18G 1% /data/tools
/dev/sdb2 ext3 19G 173M 18G 1% /data/soft
/dev/sdb6 ext3 9.2G 150M 8.6G 2% /data/game
/dev/sda5 ext3 19G 173M 18G 1% /home
[Root @ localhost ~] # umount / data / game // unloaded from the mount point / dev / sdb6 file system
[Root @ localhost ~] # df -hT | grep sda6 // After uninstalling no information about sda6 of the
[root@localhost ~]#
Fourth, the file system management: e2abel, blkid, tun2fs, df
1, a volume label: e2label command
Format: e2label device name [ "label name"]
Note:
After setting the volume label, a file system may be mounted via mount -L label mount point name;
In the / etc / fstab file, the first field, you can also use the label name to indicate a disk partition.
Example:
[Root @ localhost ~] # e2label / dev / sda6 // View
// no content
[Root @ localhost ~] # e2label / dev / sda6 "disk6" // modify the label name
[Root @ localhost ~] # e2label / dev / sda6 // see what your edits
After disk6 // modify the label named disk6
[Root @ localhost ~] # e2label / dev / sda6 "" // delete label name
[Root @ localhost ~] # e2label / dev / sda6 // Check again, not a label name
[root@localhost~]#
2, view the device's UUID: blkid command
blkid command:
blkid device name ...
Example:
[Root @ localhost ~] # blkid / dev / sda3 / dev / sda6 // View sda3 and sda6 the UUID
/dev/sda3:LABEL="/data" UUID="85efcd90-d05a-45b3-9af6-ee151591c652"TYPE="ext3" SEC_TYPE="ext2"
/dev/sda6: UUID="88c52aff-337b-4775-9c77-8c19ffc2cd3c"SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" LABEL="disk6"
[root@localhost ~]#
Note: If the windows partition, no UUID
Cut TYPE options: TYPE = "vfat" or as TYPE = "ntfs"
Example: The following / dev / sda5 ntfs file system format, a format directly when blkid view of ntfs
[root@localhostdata]# blkid /dev/sda5
/dev/sda5: TYPE="ntfs"
3, see ext partition properties: tune2fs
Format: tune2fs -l device name
Note: The device name using tune2fs -l command to see whether a file system when acl access control system can only be viewed when the partition is created, and the newly added partition or add a new partition on the hard drive, even with a acl access control You can not view.
For more information, please see: http://murongqingqqq.blog.51cto.com/2902694/1361506 in Supplement 1
Example:
[Root @ localhost ~] # tune2fs -l / dev / sda3 // view the partition of property sda3
tune2fs1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystemvolume name: /data
Lastmounted on: <notavailable>
FilesystemUUID: 85efcd90-d05a-45b3-9af6-ee151591c652
Filesystemmagic number: 0xEF53
Filesystemrevision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystemfeatures: has_journal resize_inodedir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super large_file
Defaultmount options: user_xattr acl //支持acl
Filesystemstate: clean
Errorsbehavior: Continue
FilesystemOS type: Linux
Inodecount: 2560864
Block Count: 2560359
Reservedblock count: 128017
Freeblocks: 2379760
Freeinodes: 2557126
Firstblock: 0
Blocksize: 4096
Fragmentsize: 4096
ReservedGDT blocks: 625
Blocksper group: 32768
Fragmentsper group: 32768
Inodesper group: 32416
Inodeblocks per group: 1013
Filesystemcreated: Tue Feb 11 04:45:08 2014
Lastmount time: Fri Feb 21 22:11:462014
Lastwrite time: Fri Feb 21 22: 11: 462 014
Mountcount: 9
Maximummount count: -1
Lastchecked: Tue Feb 11 04:45:08 2014
Checkinterval: 0 (<none>)
Reservedblocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reservedblocks gid: 0 (group root)
Firstinode: 11
Inodesize: 128
Journalinode: 8
Defaultdirectory hash: tea
DirectoryHash Seed: 63658a00-6d9c-480e-8c30-330a6318036d
Journalbackup: inode blocks
[root@localhost ~]#
4, view disk usage: df command
Common command options:
-h: using easy to read capacity units
-T: lists the file system types
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
File system type available capacity has been used with a mount point%
/dev/sda2 ext3 19G 2.3G 16G 13% /
/dev/sda1 ext3 190M 12M 169M 7% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 248M 0 248M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda3 ext3 9.5G 393M 8.6G 5% /data
[root@localhost ~]#
5, switched automatically mount: / etc / fstab
Configure boot automatically mount: / etc / fstab file
Configuration file / etc / fstab, the contents of which can be divided by a space or tab stop 6, each column represents the contents as follows:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3 swap swap defaults 0 0
Paragraph 123,456
The contents of each section represented:
The first paragraph: means that the device file (also can UUID, device name and volume label)
The second paragraph: that mount point
Third paragraph: Indicates the file system type
The fourth paragraph: Mounting parameters
Fifth paragraph: backup flag (0 means no backup)
Sixth paragraph: detection order (0 to not detected)
Example: set the boot automatic loading (including swap)
Step 1: Check the mount case and size of the swap partition;
If a new hanging in point, uninstall; if there is a new swap partition, uninstall the device name with swapoff swap partition.
[Root @ localhost ~] # df -Th // First look at the situation to mount a file system
File system type available capacity has been used with a mount point%
/dev/sda2 ext3 19G 2.7G 16G 15% /
/dev/sda1 ext3 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 1005M 0 1005M 0% /dev/shm
[Root @ localhost ~] # free -m // original size swap partition is a partition on my disk is sda 2G
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 2008 911 1096 0 85 649
-/+buffers/cache: 176 1831
Swap: 2047 0 2047
[root@localhost ~]#
Step two: Modify the contents of fstab file, add the boot mount entries;
Note:
- where most of the use of UUID, need to use to query the device's UUID blkid
- / dev / sdb5 as swap, swap mount point to swap second paragraph, third paragraph or swap file system type, mount a swap partition when the need to take note!
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID="59b355ba-5f83-4016-b5bc-4257ae948359" /data/tools ext3 defaults 0 0
UUID="1497b080-ffaf-4fe1-95c7-c63d349550a9" /data/soft ext3 defaults 0 0
UUID="58fbc6d5-e597-42bf-9ee7-096f62dd41cc" /data/game ext3 defaults 0 0
UUID="a463550a-9d03-4934-81a4-e6f8be920f9a" /home ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb5 swap swap defaults 0 0
The third step: Use mount -a command to reload it again
And then view the file system and swap partitions mount case with df -Th and free -m.
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[Root @ localhost ~] # df -Th // Here you can see the file system has been loaded successfully
File system type available capacity has been used with a mount point%
/dev/sda2 ext3 19G 2.7G 16G 15% /
/dev/sda1 ext3 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 1005M 0 1005M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda5 ext3 19G 173M 18G 1% /home
/dev/sdb1 ext3 19G 173M 18G 1% /data/tools
/dev/sdb2 ext3 19G 173M 18G 1% /data/soft
/dev/sdb6 ext3 9.2G 150M 8.6G 2% /data/game
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
// see if the swap partition is mounted, and the results can be seen on top of the first step of the query is the same, then the explanation that is not mounted, then restart is required to mount.
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 2008 910 1097 0 86 649
-/+buffers/cache: 175 1832
Swap: 2047 0 2047
Summary: You can use mount-a to reload the file system in the fstab, but you can see through the free -m, swap partition is not loaded successfully, if you want to load successfully, you need to reboot.
------
Comprehensive Example: Migration / home directory: http://murongqingqqq.blog.51cto.com/2902694/1361937
Six: Extended
1, swap partition plan, and Automatic Mounting
If the split when installing the system swap area is too small, or there is no swap partition division, then add the new partition can be divided into a disk or disk space in an existing, formatted and swap partition mounted use.
swap partition View:
The first: cat / proc / meminfo
The second: swapon -s
Third: free -m
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 2008 893 1115 0 73 648
-/+ buffers/cache: 170 1837
Swap: 2047 0 2047 // can see the size of the swap partition is 2G
The establishment of swap partition way:
A partition dividing the fdisk command, and specifies the format (Note: with t option) 82, Save (w) can be.
Note: After the new disk partition dividing need partprobe command to re-load the system partition information! ! !
swap partition of format:
The new swap partition using mkswap swap partition to format a newly established
Manually enable / disable swap partitions:
swapon / off new swap partition
Example: The new swap plan, mount, mounted automatically check out: http://murongqingqqq.blog.51cto.com/2902694/1361934
2, mount folder
Uses: mainly hide the source directory path, such as the / usr / src / directory is mounted to be shared under / media / tools / src / directory, then other users (such as user1) in access / usr / src / directory when resources can go directly to
/ Media / tools / src / direct access to resources to ensure the safety of the / usr / src / directory.
Note: When there is need to mount the folder / media / tools / src, if there is no need to create; and ensure that the destination folder is not the folder or files occupy other file systems mounted. If so, you need to uninstall.
The time required to mount the folder mount command - -bind parameters:
Example: / usr / src / mount the folder / data / tools / src / directory:
Ideas:
Step 1: Create a directory / data / tools / src / directory
Step two: / usr / src / folder to mount under / data / tools / src / directory
The third step: Verify mount successful
Step four: Use the user1 user login system, enter / data / tools / src / directory access resources.
To do:
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/tools/src
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/src/
debug kernels
[root@localhost ~]# mount --bind /usr/src/ /data/tools/src/
[root@localhost ~]# mount | grep src
/usr/src on/data/tools/src type none (rw,bind)
[root@localhost ~]# ls /data/tools/src/
debug kernels
[root@localhost ~]# su - user1
[user1@localhost ~]$cd /data/tools/src/
[User1 @ localhostsrc] $ ls // successful visit
debug kernels
[user1@localhostsrc]$
3, autofs trigger mount
Mount trigger, like / misc / cd directory is the trigger mount directory;
Trigger mount: the misc directory, use ls command can not view there are any files or directories, but can switch to this directory with cd cd command to go, when switching cd cd to the directory, then, on CD-ROM directory will automatically mount / misc / cd directory, which is the trigger mounted.
A trigger mounted configuration file: /etc/auto.master and / etc / xxx (this file to write the contents of a file inside /etc/auto.master)
/etc/auto.master contents of the file:
The first paragraph: represents the mount point parent directory
The second paragraph: Mounting profile xxx
/ Etc / xxx (second paragraph of this document is defined /etc/auto.master file inside mount configuration file) file content:
The first paragraph: mount point directory
The second paragraph: Mounting parameters
Third paragraph:: Device name (note: Before the device name plus ":")
Example: / dev / sdb1 mount the file system trigger / abc / tools directory
Step 1: Create / abc folder: mkdir / abc
Step two: add a line of content /etc/auto.master
vim /etc/auto.master
Add the line: / abc /etc/auto.abc
Step 3: /etc/auto.master contents of the file, edit the configuration file /etc/auto.abc file (New)
vim /etc/auto.abc
Add Content: tools -fstype = ext3: / dev / sdb1
Step four: Reload Service: server autofs reload
Step 5: cd / abc / tools command to see if you can enter the directory, nothing else can enter.
4, NTFS partitions to create, mount, use
Note: linux system default does not support NTFS formatted partition and want to support NTFS formatted partition, you need to install NTFS-3G software.
Download NTFS-3G package source way
2，wget http://www.ntfs-3g.org/ntfs-3g-1.1120.tgz
Example:
Installation Source Package ntfs-3g
The / dev / sda5 partition formatted as NTFS partition, and to load with ntfs-3g NTFS partitions.
step:
The first step: extract the source package
tar zxvfntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2013.1.13.tgz -C/usr/src/
Step two: compile and install (Note: you need to install the gcc compiler tool before installing)
cd /usr/src/ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2013.1.13/
./configure--prefix=/opt/ntfs
make
make install
The third step: the partition type using fdisk / dev / sda5 was changed to 7, i.e. HPFS / NTFS format and formatted
[root@localhost /]# fdisk /dev/sda
The number ofcylinders for this disk is set to 10443.
There is nothingwrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certainsetups cause problems with:
1) software thatruns at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting andpartitioning software from other OSs
(Eg, DOS FDISK, OS / 2 FDISK)
Command (m forhelp): t // t to modify the partition type
Partition number (1-5): 5 // sda5 is the fifth partition
Hex code (type L tolist codes): 7 // designated as 7, if you do not know can enter L view details
Command (m forhelp): w // w to save and exit
The partition tablehas been altered!
Calling ioctl() tore-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-readingthe partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel stilluses the old table.
The new table willbe used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[Root @ localhost /] # mkfs.ntfs / dev / sda5 // a / dev / sda5 partition as ntfs format
[Root @ localhost /] # fdisk -l / dev / sda | grep NTFS // View NTFS Partition
/dev/sda5 2825 5257 19543041 7 HPFS/NTFS
Step four: Temporary loading NTFS partition
[Root @ localhost /] # ntfs-3g / dev / sda5 / data / ntfs / // load ntfs district
[root@localhost /]# mount | grep sda5
/dev/sda5on /data/ntfs type fuseblk(rw,allow_other,blksize=4096)
[root@localhost /]#
Note: The temporary mount successfully, so far this step has been completed temporary mount NTFS-formatted partitions.
Step five: If you need to set the boot automatically mount the NTFS partition, the need to increase the content in / etc / fstab file inside
The format is:
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/fstab | grep sda5
/dev/sda5 /data/ntfs ntfs-3g defaults 0 0
[root@localhost /]#
Step Six: Verify
[Root @ localhost /] # umount / data / ntfs / // unload mount point
[Root @ localhost /] # mount | grep sda5 // see if the uninstallation was successful
[Root @ localhost /] # mount -a // load all configured fstab file system
Note: If you use mount -a able to load / dea / sda5, then restart certainly loaded.
[Root @ localhost /] # mount | grep sda5 // you can see, mount a success!
/dev/sda5on /data/ntfs type fuseblk (rw,allow_other,blksize=4096)
[root@localhost /]#
Note: Mounting NTFS format u disk, because of the system does not recognize the default NTFS file system format, even ntfs-3g software is installed, it does not recognize, then, can only be mounted by hand, usually u disk in linux system identified in the file system / dev / sdh * device, or it may be / dev / sd *, using ntfs-3g / dev / sd * can mount the directory is mounted.