Centos horizontal expansion greater than 4TB hard LVM

Language 2019-06-15 22:10:08 views: null

surroundings

name Attributes
CPU x5650
RAM 4G
Disk 20G+4TB

At this time, we assume that the server has the following things:

  • Installed the Parted (yum install parted)

  • Partition size has been victory, the company server and adding a hard disk to increase the capacity of 4T!

  • In addition to / boot partition, and the rest are extended LVM logical partition mode

Software Installation and View

First check whether the software is installed:

[root@Candy ~]# rpm -qa | grep lvm
lvm2-libs-2.02.118-2.el6.x86_64
lvm2-2.02.118-2.el6.x86_64
[root@Candy ~]# lv
lvchange     lvextend     lvmdiskscan  lvmsar       lvresize
lvconvert    lvm          lvmdump      lvreduce     lvs
lvcreate     lvmchange    lvmetad      lvremove     lvscan
lvdisplay    lvmconf      lvmsadc      lvrename
[root@Candy ~]# rpm -qa | grep parted
parted-2.1-29.el6.x86_64

When you're ready to see the way the software under VM Hardware:

[root@Candy ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-root
                      7.3G  231M  6.7G   4% /
tmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   30M  422M   7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-home
                      3.9G  8.0M  3.7G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr
                      3.9G  382M  3.3G  11% /usr
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-var
                      3.9G   63M  3.6G   2% /var
[root@Candy ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0006e71c
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 4398.0 GB, 4398046511104 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 534698 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_candy-root: 8061 MB, 8061452288 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 980 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_candy-var: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_candy-home: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@Candy ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sdb

At this time we have seen, Centos already know a sdb disk, but did not mount the partition.

Parted partitioning using pre-expansion

Now suppose that in addition to / boot partition the rest are full! We need to partition the hard disk to spend 4T (/ ​​dev / sdb).

[root@Candy ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel
新的磁盘标签类型？ gpt
(parted) mkpart
分区名称？  []?
文件系统类型？  [ext2]? ext4
起始点？ 0T
结束点？ 4T
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 4398GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  标志
 1      1049kB  4398GB  4398GB
(parted)set 1 lvm on
(parted)p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 4398GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  标志
1      1049kB  4398GB  4398GB                      lvm
(parted)q
[root@Candy ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sdb  /dev/sdb1

Now let us explain the operation:

  1. mklabel convert to gpt disk partition, because MBR partition can not support TB-level hard disk (please refer to their own specific, parted course, also supports the following operating level TB)

  2. mkpart convert good gpt partition the disk, you need to provide file system type, start point, end point.

  3. Enter p to print out just before doing generated after partition.

  4. set 1 lvm on partition is num 1, tager set to LVM, so as to add to the volume group in vm

Next, we see what our LVM group named:

[root@Candy ~]# vgs
  VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  vg_candy   1   4   0 wz--n- 19.51g    0
  
[root@Candy ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_candy
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                4
  Open LV               4
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               19.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4994
  Alloc PE / Size       4994 / 19.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               Gcm5Ml-fc88-Xk5q-xuPC-Kj7Y-alfK-i770Gc
[root@Candy ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_candy/usr' [4.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_candy/var' [4.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_candy/home' [4.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_candy/root' [7.51 GiB] inherit
[root@Candy ~]#

Know lvm volume group called 'vg_candy', we will use vgextend to add a member to the lvm 'vg_candy' roll group.

[root@Candy ~]# vgextend vag_candy /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
Volume group "vg_candy" successfully extended

Now we vgs command and then look at the number of pv:

[root@Candy ~]# vgs
VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
vg_candy   2   4   0 wz--n- 4.02t 4.00t

When we compare whether vgs is not added to see the number of PV from 1 to 2 up!

Let us now look at the capacity vgdisplay now partition.

[root@Candy ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_candy
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                4
  Open LV               4
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               4.02 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1053569
  Alloc PE / Size       4994 / 19.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1048575 / 4.00 TiB
  VG UUID               Gcm5Ml-fc88-Xk5q-xuPC-Kj7Y-alfK-i770Gc

Contrast command is not added again vgdiplay found, FreePE a value from 0/0 to 1048575 / 4.00 TiB. Such instructions Candy has been successfully added into vg_candy lvm logical volume group in the partition of 4TB.

Now before we carry out the expansion of all logical partitions, df -h to see what partitions.

[root@Candy ~]# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-root  7.3G  231M  6.7G   4%  /
 tmpfs                     1.9G     0  1.9G   0%  /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                  477M   30M  422M   7%  /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-home  3.9G  8.0M  3.7G   1%  /home                 
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr   3.9G  382M  3.3G  11%  /usr
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-var   3.9G   63M  3.6G   2%  /var

Now troublesome thing has been done, then the rest for expansion for the partition.

For expansion as disk

假设：我们需要向 这些分区都添加500G容量: / 、/home 、/usr 、/var

[root@Candy ~]# lvextend -L +500G /dev/mapper/vg_candy-root
  Size of logical volume vg_candy/root changed from 7.51 GiB (1922 extents) to 507.51 GiB (129922 extents).
  Logical volume root successfully resized
  
[root@Candy ~]# lvextend -L +500G /dev/mapper/vg_candy-home
  Size of logical volume vg_candy/home changed from 4.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 504.00 GiB (129024 extents).
  Logical volume home successfully resized
  
[root@Candy ~]# lvextend -L +500G /dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr
  Size of logical volume vg_candy/usr changed from 4.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 504.00 GiB (129024 extents).
  Logical volume usr successfully resized
  
[root@Candy ~]# lvextend -L +500G /dev/mapper/vg_candy-var
  Size of logical volume vg_candy/var changed from 4.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 504.00 GiB (129024 extents).
  Logical volume var successfully resized

大家注意，这一步操作时不可逆的！
如果输入了错误的分区名字还好！ 如果添加到其它分区了，就得重复N遍来缩容，比较麻烦哦！ 建议大家注仔细核对上面的FileSystem.
切记切记…

提示扩容成功！ 让我们再次用上述命令查看LVM信息:

[root@Candy ~]# vgs
  VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
  vg_candy   2   4   0 wz--n- 4.02t 2.05t 
  
[root@Candy ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_candy/usr' [504.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_candy/var' [504.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_candy/home' [504.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_candy/root' [507.51 GiB] inherit
  
[root@Candy ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_candy
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  10
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                4
  Open LV               4
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               4.02 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1053569
  Alloc PE / Size       516994 / 1.97 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       536575 / 2.05 TiB
  VG UUID               Gcm5Ml-fc88-Xk5q-xuPC-Kj7Y-alfK-i770Gc
  
[root@Candy ~]# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-root  7.3G  231M  6.7G   4%  /
 tmpfs                     1.9G     0  1.9G   0%  /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                  477M   30M  422M   7%  /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-home  3.9G  8.0M  3.7G   1%  /home                 
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr   3.9G  382M  3.3G  11%  /usr
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-var   3.9G   63M  3.6G   2%  /var

看到这里大家可能奇怪！ 为什么df -h 还没变呢?

刷新磁盘信息与写入

我们需要用resize2fs 重设分区大小, 这样才能使df -h 也能生效.

而resize2fs 需要的时间与你给予的容量线性叠加. 也就是说你给的容量越多，resize2fs 的需要的时间就越多。

[root@Candy ~]# resize2fs /dev//mapper/vg_candy-root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev//mapper/vg_candy-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 32
Performing an on-line resize of /dev//mapper/vg_candy-root to 133040128 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev//mapper/vg_candy-root is now 133040128 blocks long.

[root@Candy ~]# resize2fs /dev//mapper/vg_candy-usr
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev//mapper/vg_candy-usr is mounted on /usr; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 32
Performing an on-line resize of /dev//mapper/vg_candy-usr to 132120576 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev//mapper/vg_candy-usr is now 132120576 blocks long.

[root@Candy ~]# resize2fs /dev//mapper/vg_candy-var
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev//mapper/vg_candy-var is mounted on /var; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 32
Performing an on-line resize of /dev//mapper/vg_candy-var to 132120576 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev//mapper/vg_candy-var is now 132120576 blocks long.

[root@Candy ~]# resize2fs /dev//mapper/vg_candy-home
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev//mapper/vg_candy-home is mounted on /home; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 32
Performing an on-line resize of /dev//mapper/vg_candy-home to 132120576 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev//mapper/vg_candy-home is now 132120576 blocks long.

[root@Candy ~]# df -h
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use%  Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-root     500G  245M  474G   1%  /
tmpfs                         1.9G     0  1.9G   0%  /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                     477M   30M  422M   7%  /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-home     496G   16M  471G   1%  /home
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr      496G  390M  471G   1%  /usr
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-var      496G   71M  471G   1%  /var

结束语

顺便给大家晒一张重启后系统自动挂载的图！


Centos 系统还是比较聪明的. 其实重启与不重启都能使用, 只是为大家演示重启后的效果.

希望此文章能帮助大家平滑的进行水平扩容！

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