Hofstede's model of national culture

definition

Culture is people in the same environment has a common psychological process. National Culture Hofstede model of international companies in the field of management research more complete analysis of the cultural mode of the system.

Five dimensions of cultural differences

1. Claim distance power distance
2. Uncertainty avoid uncertainty avoidance index
3. Individualism and collectivism individualism versus collectivism
4. Male and female degree of masculinity versus femininity
5. Long-term and short-term orientation of the orientation of long-term orientation versus short-term orientation

• Right distance
  in an organization, centralized authoritarian leadership and the degree of rights, and the extent to which a society can be accepted on the unequal distribution of such rights organization which, in the enterprise can be understood as employees and leaders of social distance.
  Members of the research community values, we can determine the extent of a society's acceptance of the power gap.

• Uncertainty avoid
  uncertainty avoid low levels of societies, people generally have a sense of security, tend relaxed attitude to life and encourage risk-taking propensity. Employees tend to self-management and independent work.
  In the high degree of uncertainty avoiding societies, people generally had a high sense of urgency and initiative, so easy to form the inner impulse to work hard. Superiors tend to under strict control and clear instructions.

• Individualism and collectivism
  American individualistic society, emphasizing individual freedom and personal achievement, and therefore to carry out a personal competition between employees, and to reward individual performance, is effective humanism incentives.
  China and Japan are advocating a collectivist society, the organization had a staff of emotional attachment, easy to build a harmonious relationship between employees and managers.

• Degree of male and female
  American male of the stronger countries, major enterprises in high-level decisions are usually made.
  China is a society of women.

• Long-term and short-term orientation oriented
  long-term orientation values and emphasis on conservation firm.
  Short-term oriented values of respect for tradition, social responsibility, and too proud.

The impact of motivational content

1. Corporate motivational content is the most influential factor individualism and collectivism, masculine and feminine, and prevent the degree of uncertainty.
2. Anglo American and other nation-state is a high degree of individualism country, so encourage more of these countries starting from individual to individual self-fulfillment and personal dignity as an incentive to get the main content of.
3. Third World countries and Japan are higher levels of national collectivism, incentive is to focus on the relationship between the individual and the collective, the personal rewards too often does not work.

In specific international organizations, the causes of cultural conflict are:

1. Ethnocentrism
2. Improper use of management practices
3. Different perceptions
4. Communication misunderstanding
5. Cultural attitudes

Managers must be culturally sensitive

Reproduced in: https: //www.jianshu.com/p/105c6669d332