Consumption of things, a comprehensive analysis of industrial networking applications in the scene wired and wireless connectivity protocol
First, the Internet of Things
Things are a large pan of concepts, from a large field of applications, things can be divided into consumer and industrial things.
These two types of things very different performance requirements, consumer Internet of things bigger scenes have wearable devices, sharing economy, smart home, these scenes with consumers lives, connected with GPRS, WiFi and Bluetooth based, etc., the main requirement is a low-power performance.
Smart Home is a rapidly growing field recently. On the one hand is the voice interactive experience to bring technological advances to enhance the interactive field, on the other hand is to reduce the cost of the connection module industry chain, such as the entrance to the speakers, connect and control a large number of appliances within the home as a viable scenario, and like millet produced in the IoT, graffiti, Lexin and other industry-leading business or company.
But things in the industrial field, the situation is not the same. Various industry verticals industry characteristics are different, high barriers to knowledge, but also for industrial manufacturing processes require very high reliability and stability, the current operator's network also difficult to meet the industry Things to performance requirements. So things in the field of industrial progress has been relatively slow, has not produced a more mature business model and the relative amount of the Company generally.
Second, consumer Internet application scenarios
Data show that the current consumption of Things plate, the smart home accounted for about 36% of the total scale and the accounting section also increasing, followed wearable equipment sector. We follow the "Internet of Things Industry Roadmap 2.0" in the equipment manufacturers, solution providers and operators to do a simple division of the sort of things the current consumption of the firm's major business forms. Equipment manufacturers provide smart terminal R & D and production, such as Chinese rice production of smart bracelet or smart watches; solution providers provide a platform for intelligent systems or solutions, such as Huawei HiLink smart home connection management platform, and graffiti technology to provide intelligent families to solve program; service providers based on large amounts of data generated by smart terminal, and better services for consumers, such as Jingdong smart refrigerator, a long time by learning to understand consumer habits, can automatically remind consumers need to be supplemented according to state what type of refrigerator food, by providing information to the user or information-based services business model.
Third, industrial networking applications scenarios
Manufacturing: The sensor is embedded mechanical device to help determine the manufacturing process problems and bottlenecks occur. But also through analyzing the data the machine, the machine provides predictive maintenance. Predictive maintenance means that only machine maintenance when needed, it saves costs and reduce machine idle time. Case: Caterpillar (NYSE: CAT) is the world's largest manufacturers of construction machinery and mining equipment. It unicorn Uptake and machine data analysis cooperation, networking machine, including the orientation of the device and then the path, such as the use of idle time and machine data collection and analysis, operation path equipment downtime and maintenance optimization and reduce operating costs and increase productivity.
Energy: By using the sensors to monitor lighting, temperature or energy source, the data and the real-time processing by the algorithm, micro-management. Case: AutoGrid founded by the former head of Smart Grid Research Center at Stanford University Amit Narayan service power and energy sector big data company, through its Energy Data Platform (EDP), utility companies, enterprises, communities and even families can use big data and cloud-based software to adjust the energy consumption and costs. While helping each end of the match grid power supply and demand, reduce the cost of each end of the grid.
Supply Chain / Logistics: RFID or NFC tag attached to the product by, the warehouse can know the exact location of the product, and can be luggage or parcel sorting and tracking. Case: Precyse Technologies dedicated real-time location-based active RFID technology and supply chain visibility solutions, mainly for tracking the position of an object and a person or indoor positioning movement of physical assets, staff effectively to help identify, locate, and detection state communication.
Industrial wearable device: the AR technology for industrial design or other aspects of installation and maintenance, engineering designers and technical personnel or maintenance personnel providing direct instructions displayed in front of the complex issues or remote assistance and training services. Case: Upskill formerly known APXLabs, industrial augmented reality software provider wearable device content, which can be used with AR software platform Skylight smart glasses, the operational information required corporate workers displayed directly in front of them, to avoid the operation of the paper document read or by computer to find files brought low efficiency, fallible problem.
Fourth, the Internet of Things application mode
- The sale of hardware products:
This is well understood. But now a new pattern appears, separation pay and consumers, payers valued data resources, free use of consumer hardware products. A typical example is Google's NestLabs collaboration with a power company, if consumers signed a two-year contract with the power company, you can get a free Nest of temperature control products. Nest hardware products paid by the consumer side into a power company, and the power company is focused on large electricity user data Nest, Nest of value is transferred to the data resources.
2. The sale of SaaS services:
The main business is big data and artificial intelligence some industrial areas, machine data acquisition, industrial enterprises to provide services such as after-sales, forecasting analysis. A typical example is GE's Predix platform, by GE's global machinery and equipment with sensors connected to the platform, and then analyze your data analysis tool platform, to provide after-sales support to the operation of machinery and equipment.
3. Provide solutions:
Things solve data analysis solution provider of hardware generally neither production capacity nor provide SaaS services, the ability of artificial intelligence algorithms. Their ability to understand the business scenario, you can provide the most suitable solution according to different business logic, technical requirements, products and services, customers do not need to know which brand is the use of sensors, cloud services or protocols, and require only concerned about whether to address business pain points.
V. wired and wireless connections
"Internet of Things" concept in 1999, Massachusetts Institute of Technology was first put forward, narrowly Things refers to the "object - objects connected to the Internet," the body is connected here include both articles to the article, the article also includes the identification device management .
Things broadly refers to the integration of information space and physical space, that is, the integration of virtual and reality, all the digital objects and events, networking, and information between people, objects, things and things interactive, automatic identification of goods, monitoring, positioning and remote management. Things to existing Internet and various proprietary network-based, data-aware transport layer collected through various aggregated, real-time transmission of data and ensure data security.
Connection mode can be divided into wired and wireless, is a communication connection purposes and, therefore, were used and wired communication technology, wireless communication techniques.
Wired communication means using an optical fiber, a metal wire and other tangible media information transmission technology. Currently, a wired communication has been very popular, such as telephone lines, cable TV wires and the like.
The wireless communication means in the propagation space communicating information exchange technology (without tangible media for communication between both ends of the connection) using electromagnetic signals. Common wireless communication system has a wireless connection with a cellular, wifi connection, Bluetooth connection, and some feel mysterious way, visible light communication and quantum communication like manner.
In general, a wired connection with higher reliability, greater stability, the disadvantage is acceptable even the transmission medium. Free and flexible wireless connection, the mobile terminal may no space limitation, but for easy transfer space and impact on other electromagnetic waves affecting other obstructions subject, therefore less reliable than wired connections.
Sixth, the communication protocol
Things core part of the ecosystem and is connected to the communication. Things that the connection and communication, and dispersing remote object (apparatus, the sensor node, the gateway unit, the cloud server) as possible.
M2M communications protocol expertise is crucial to understanding the system of things. These wired or wireless protocols not only as a communication medium, also provide value-added features to the network things. Such things as Zigbee protocol interference-free, low-power communication, and as such open Profinet protocol may facilitate fast and seamless unit and in communication with a variety of industrial equipment.
Here we were summarized commonly used eight kinds of M2M communications protocols, which have been widely deployed in many existing and emerging Internet of Things applications.
1. Bluetooth
Bluetooth compatible IoT sensor is ideally suited for short-distance applications and are connected a low power communications. Bluetooth protocol is valid range from 50 to 100 m, up to 1 Mbps to support data transfer rates.
Recently, things developers have shown a tendency to Bluetooth Smart protocol based on low-power Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is. Compared with the previous generation product, BLE significantly reduces power consumption, but not for large file transfers.
2. Zigbee
Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard Zigbee embedded applications, it has become one of the most widely used communication protocols. Zigbee is used to connect devices within a range of 10-100 meters, to support data rates up to 250 Kbps. As a low-power, low data rate art, Zigbee is very suitable for bidirectional data transfer between the sensor and the IOT IOT gateway device, and ad hoc wireless mesh network.
Through its mesh topology, Zigbee device may transmit data over a distance through the intermediate device. For the matter needs a low-cost and low-power sensor networks in the consumer and industrial networking applications, Zigbee is a good choice.
Zigbee protocol security framework further comprises a 128-bit encryption key and the encrypted frame defined.
3. 6LoWPAN
6LoWPAN is a simple wireless mesh technology enables each node supports IP. The goal is to overcome technical and commercial barriers to all types of devices connected to the Internet.
6LoWPan specification also defines the compression mechanism to exchange IPv6 packets through the encapsulation header and IEEE 802.15.4 network. 6LoWPan integrated security module and ACL security and other key components, and an optional TLS. For small devices requiring low power wireless communication, it is a viable option.
4. Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is designed to replace Ethernet, and provides short-range wireless connectivity and cross-vendor interoperability easy to use by the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.
Wi-Fi faster, larger capacity of communication is known, and can use the 2.4 GHz and the 5 GHz band for transmission within the range of 50 m. Because of the prevalence of existing infrastructure, and its popularity continues to increase.
5. Cellular
Long distance networking applications require a continuous connection can be designed based on GSM, LTE, EDGE, 3G, 4G and 5G, etc. cellular network. May communicate with a cellular network device, maximum distance up to 35 kilometers.
Cellular technology is conducive to networking applications, because it has the following characteristics:
Cat-0 as by Cat-1 and the like LTE network, the cost of networking applications to optimize and enhance coverage.
Air-end security through encryption TLS / DTLS security and LTE network.
Minimum or zero regulations. Using the cellular network, data exchange may be up to 23 dBm.
6. ModBus
Modbus is a powerful communication standard, widely used in industrial automation and SCADA systems, to the instrument, sensor and actuator signals sent back to the master controller. Modbus communication protocol with a wide range, can be run on a variety of physical links.
Modbus is a serial communication protocol based on the primary model.
Master request information using the function code, the function code indicates the operation to be performed, for example:
read a discrete input; read a first in, first out queue
The main advantage of using Modbus is that it is a simple open source license. Modbus development costs low and requires minimal hardware design. In addition, Modbus also supports interoperability and compatibility of various devices (from different vendors) and the system.
7. PROFINET
PROFINET widely used in industrial automation solution for system connecting manufacturing environment. According to IEC 61158 and IEC 61784 standards, the PROFINET fixed time interval (1 ms or less) to provide data, without causing loss of quality. It also supports existing IT standards.
PROFINET fieldbus technology is highly compatible and can be easily integrated with existing industrial systems. PROFINET specification specified data mapping system defined proxy (proxy address) to allow the protocol to communicate and Modern IoT protocol.
8. EtherCAT
CANopen and Ethernet-based EtherCAT protocol specifically optimized for industrial automation. It allows any standard PC as EtherCAT master, and using any topology EtherCAT slave communication. They may be within 30 microseconds up to a rate of 1,000 I / O connection point of all the devices on the factory floor.
EtherCAT reliable and fast, because the message may be forwarded to the next process from the previous system by means of dedicated high-performance hardware.