A, Linux acquaintance
What is the 1.1 Linux
Linux is a free and open source UNIX-like operating systems, the Linux kernel. Currently there are many different Linux distributions can be installed in a wide variety of computer hardware, from cell phones, tablet PCs, routers, and video game consoles, to desktop computers, mainframe computers and supercomputers. Linux is a leading operating system, the world's fastest computing 10 supercomputers are running the Linux operating system.
Linux operating system is free software and open source development in the most famous example. As long as the GNU General Public License, any person or institution is free to use all the underlying source code for Linux is also free to modify and redistribute. Strictly speaking, the word Linux itself, said Linux kernel, but in practice it has been used to describe the entire use Linux based on Linux kernel and operating systems using a variety of tools and databases of the GNU Project (also known as GNU / Linux ). In general, Linux is packaged as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions, including Debian (and its derivative version of Ubuntu), Fedora and openSUSE and so on. Kernel + Softwares + Tools is a linux distribution
Famous linux distro Red Hat, Fedora Mandriva Novell SuSE Debian Slackware Gentoo Ubuntu CentOS.
1.2 Linux features
Open, multi-user, multi-tasking, rich network functionality, reliable system security, good portability, compatibility with standard, good user interface (command interface, graphical interface, etc.), excellent speed performance.
1.3 Linux composition
1.3.1 kernel: is the heart of the system is the core program run the program and management are as disk and printer hardware.
1.3.2, Shell: is the system's user interface, provides user and kernel An interface interaction. It receives a command input by a user and put it into the kernel to perform, is a command interpreter. But it is not only a command interpreter, but also high-level programming languages, shell programming.
1.3.3, the file system: file system is a file stored on disk storage devices such organizational methods, Linux supports multiple file systems such as ext3, ext2, NFS, SMB, iso9660 and so on.
1.3.4 application: standard Linux operating system will have a set of applications such as X-Window, Open Office and so on.
1.4 Linux version
1.4.1 kernel: Linux Kernel kernel latest stable version 4.14 http://www.kernel.org/
1.4.2 Release: some vendors Linux system kernel and application software and documentation package together, and provide a collection of a package installation interface and system configuration management tools, such as RedHat Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, Novell / SuSE Linux and so on.
1.4.3, Ubuntu Ubuntu version number of the month and year of release composition does not reflect the actual version first published in October 2004, so this version is 4.10. On April 23, 2009 release, so the version number is 9.04. The latest version is Ubuntu 16.04.
1.5 Linux development and future
There are a lot of companies are using the Linux operating system, the Linux operating system from the desktop to the server, from operating systems to embedded systems, from scattered applied to the entire industry began to take form. Linux server operating system occupy more and more market share in the overall server operating system market structure and the formation of large-scale application situation.
Two, Linux installation
During the study, we generally use VMWare virtual machine to install Linux operating system
VMware Software Center Baidu search on the line http://rj.baidu.com/soft/detail/13808.html?ald
Ubuntu system can go to the official website to download https://www.ubuntu.com/download not repeat the installation process.
Third, the conclusion
This chapter introduces the basic situation of Linux, is nothing nonsense type, symbolic as it begins, next start formal learning.