On December 6, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences released the "Major Progress in China's Agricultural Science in 2023" report. The report was developed by the Science and Technology Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Science and Technology Information Analysis and Evaluation Innovation Team of the Institute of Agricultural Information. It is based on high-level scientific research papers in the agricultural field officially published by various scientific research institutions in my country in 2022 in the Web of science. According to the "Frontier Based on the selection principles of "leading, creating excellence, and major breakthroughs", through the process of preliminary selection, expert review, comprehensive selection and publicity, 10 projects were selected that can fully represent the level of cutting-edge research in agricultural science and technology in my country in 2022 and achieve major breakthroughs. Scientific research results.
Among them, the Genomics InstituteHuang Sanwen team "constructed The first tomato pan-genome", Yang Qing's team's " for the first time Revealing the structural basis of directed biosynthesis of chitin"A total of 2 research results were selected2023 Major Progress in Chinese Agricultural Sciences .
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Constructing the first tomato pan-genome
Introduction:
This study constructed the first tomato pan-genome and drew the most complete tomato genetic variation map to date. Combined with multi-omics association analysis, it recovered "lost heritability" and assisted tomato genome breeding. This study is a milestone in the field of genomic research and provides new ideas for pan-genome promotion of crop breeding.
introduce:
Tomato traits, such as flavor, are determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Prior to breeding, the specific impact of genetic variation on heritability needs to be fully assessed. However, there is an important issue in the field of quantitative genetics known as "missing heritability", that is, the heritability estimated by genetic markers and the contribution of all relevant genes discovered through genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) The sum of heritabilities is lower than the actual heritability. Recovering these "lost heritabilities" will help understand the genetic mechanisms of complex traits and provide theoretical support for related breeding work. Relevant research results were published in the internationally renowned academic journal "Nature".
Original link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04808-9
This study uses graph pan-genome to solve the problem of genetic variation detection and recover "lost heritability" from three aspects: incomplete linkage of genetic markers, allelic heterogeneity and site heterogeneity, which provides a basis for analyzing biological complexities. The genetic mechanism of traits and tomato breeding provide new ideas.
In order to demonstrate the practical role of the retrieved heritability in breeding, the researchers first analyzed the soluble solid content (SSC) and identified two potential SVs that are highly correlated with SSC content. Can be used for future molecular marker-assisted selection. An analysis of 33 metabolites that affect tomato flavor found that using all SVs as molecular markers for genome selection has the best effect. The researchers further carefully selected a data set with no more than 21,000 SVs and found that if this data set is used to design a breeding chip, the accuracy of GS may exceed that of using all SNPs.The study is based on Designing molecular markers for SVs provides theoretical support.
The contribution of the pan-genome to breeding
Past reports:
Recovering lost heritability and promoting tomato breeding using graph pangenomes
Structural basis of directed biosynthesis of chitin revealed for the first time
Introduction:
This study for the first time analyzed the three-dimensional structure of Phytophthora sojae chitin synthase (PsChs1), revealed the complete process of chitin biosynthesis at the atomic level, and clarified the mechanism by which chitin biosynthesis is inhibited. This research lays the foundation for the precise design of new green pesticides targeting chitin synthase, and has important theoretical significance and application value for the original innovation of green pesticides.
introduce:
Chitin, commonly known as chitin, is widely found in organisms such as fungi, arthropods, and molluscs. It is an abundant aminoglycan on the earth. The biosynthesis of chitin is crucial for the survival and reproduction of some organisms, including pests, pathogenic fungi, and oomycetes. Chitin does not exist in plants and mammals, so its synthesis enzyme is one of the important targets for the creation of efficient and eco-friendly pesticides.
Original link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05244-5
Professor Yang Qing's team and their collaborators published a research result that took fifteen years to complete online in the form of a long research article in the internationally renowned academic journal "Nature". This study analyzed the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the chitin synthase of Phytophthora sojae, revealed for the first time the complete process of chitin biosynthesis, and clarified the mechanism by which nicotine inhibits chitin biosynthesis.
Three-dimensional structure of Phytophthora sojae chitin synthase PsChs1
Mechanism of chitin biosynthesis
This paper is one of the most important basic research advances in the global pesticide field in recent years. This original work provides basic and key information for the development of green pesticides targeting chitin synthesis, making it an important step to accurately develop new green pesticides using chitin synthase as a molecular target. A scientific and feasible solution with important theoretical and application value.
This research is also regarded as a milestone in the field of pesticide research, achieving a breakthrough in basic pesticide research and illuminating the prospects for precise design of new green pesticides. Based on this research, dozens or even hundreds of new pesticide varieties may be created in the future. Create a multi-billion dollar market.
Past reports:
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