Foreword:
The reference textbook for this column is "SPSS22.0 From Beginner to Master". Due to the software version, part of the content has changed. In order to adapt to the changes in the software version, this column is created to facilitate everyone's learning. The software used in this column is:SPSS25.0
Please click this link to download all the data files in this column:SPSS data analysis column attachment!
Table of contents
1. Multidimensional scaling analysis
1. Multidimensional scaling analysis
Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a very commonly used data analysis method, which can integrate multiple dimensions of information in a data set into a low-dimensional space. Display and explore relationships between data.
The basic idea of MDS is to construct a low-dimensional space image close to the original data based on the similarity between data points. In MDS, a distance measurement method is first defined, and then the distance between samples is calculated based on this distance measurement method to obtain a distance matrix, and then the distance matrix is mapped to a low-dimensional space for display. In the mapping process, Euclidean distance or objective function method is often used for calculation. In this way, low-latitude spatial images can be obtained to discover relationships between data through visualization. MDS algorithms can be divided into two types: one isprincipal component analysis method (PC-MDS) based on variance decomposition; the other is Nonlinear MDS (NMDS).
Multidimensional scaling analysis has wide applications in many fields, such as document analysis, marketing, geographic information systems, etc. In the field of text mining, MDS can be used to display the relationships between different documents, helping to discover topics or categories from a large amount of literature. In the field of marketing, MDS can be used to analyze consumer tastes and preferences, thereby helping companies understand the market demand for products. In geographic information systems, MDS can be used to display the spatial relationships between cities, regions or countries to help decision-makers understand the trends and directions of urban or regional development.
In general, multidimensional scaling analysis displays the relationship between data through visualization, making the data easier to understand, analyze and interpret, and providing more reliable and effective support for decision-making.
2.SPSS implementation
(1) Open the "data14-02" data file, select "Analysis" - "Measurement" - "Multidimensional Scaling (ALSCAL)", and the dialog box shown in the figure below will pop up.
(2) Select the corresponding variable to the right list box as shown below.
(3) Click the "Options" button, the dialog box shown in the figure below will pop up, check "Group Pictures", and then click Continue to return to the main dialog box.
(4) Use the default settings for the remaining options. After completing all settings, click the OK button to execute the command.
3. Result analysis
