python tkinter graphical interface design

Use python version 3.0 or above

First let's create a window:

import tkinter as tk
 
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("我的窗口")                     #窗口标题
root.iconbitmap("my_icon.ico")            #窗口图标
root.geometry("500x500+100+100")          #窗口尺寸500x500  100+100分别是 X轴Y轴距离
root.resizable(False, False)              #窗口禁止放大缩小
 
root.mainloop()                           #窗口刷新

A small example of setting up a window on the computer desktop

function	illustrate
winfo_screenwidth()	screen width
winfo_screenheight()	screen length
winfo_reqwidth()	window width
winfo_reqheight()	window length

import tkinter  as tk
def get_screen_size(win):
    return win.winfo_screenwidth(),win.winfo_screenheight()
def center_window(root, width, height):
    screenwidth = root.winfo_screenwidth()
    screenheight = root.winfo_screenheight()
    size = '%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, (screenwidth - width)/2, (screenheight - height)/2)
    root.geometry(size)
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('居中窗口')
center_window(root, 600, 600)
root.mainloop()

Now that we can create a form, let's get familiar with the commonly used controls.

control	describe
Button	Button control, similar to Label, except that it provides mouse hover, press, release and keyboard activities/events
Canvas	Canvas control; displays graphic elements such as lines or text
CheckButton	Multi-select box control; used to provide multiple selection boxes in the program (similar to Html's checkbox)
Entry	Input control; used to collect keyboard input
Frame	Frame control; displays a rectangular area on the screen, mostly used as a container
Label	Label control; can display text and bitmaps
Listbox	Listbox control; the Listbox widget is used to display a list of strings to the user
Menu button	Menu button control, used to display menu items.
Menu	Menu control; the list of options that pops up after pressing the MenuButton, showing the menu bar, drop-down menu and pop-up menu
Message	Message control; similar to Label, used to display multiple lines of text, similar to label
Radiobutton	Radio button control; displays the status of a radio button (similar to Html's radio)
Scale	Range control; displays a numerical scale that limits the range of numeric intervals for the output
Scrollbar	Scroll bar control, used when the content exceeds the visual area, provides scrolling function for controls supported by Text, Canvas, Listbox, and Enter.
Text	Text control; used to display multiple lines of text
Toplevel	Container control; used to provide a separate dialog box, similar to Frame
Spinbox	Input control; similar to Entry, but you can specify the input range value
PanedWindow	PanedWindow is a window layout management plug-in that can contain one or more sub-controls.
LabelFrame	labelframe is a simple container control. Commonly used and complex window layouts.
tkMessageBox	Used to display your application's message box. showinfo(title='',message='')

Next we will operate a demo

import tkinter as tk

 #窗体
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("我的窗口")                  
root.geometry("500x500+300+300")         
root.resizable(False, False)           

#我们来创建一个button按钮
btn1=tk.Button(root,text='我是按钮1')
btn1.pack()

#也可以写成
btn2=tk.Button(root,text='我是按钮2').pack()

root.mainloop()    

The control display setting mode is:

Variable = tk. control (form, text = name, fg = font color, bg = background color, font = (font, size), width = width, height = height)

After the setting is completed, we will show that there will be 3 types: currently starting with pack!

After the setting is completed, the variable .pack() is executed

#我们来创建一个button按钮
btn1=tk.Button(root,text='我是按钮1')
btn1.pack()
 
#也可以写成
btn2=tk.Button(root, text='我是按钮2', fg='red',bg='blue', font=('黑体',10),width="20",height='5' ).pack()

pack is used as a control display and control positioning parameter

parameter	Internal parameter description
expand	expand='yes' Level up and down in the play
fill	fill = 'x': means to fill the entire parent control in the horizontal direction fill = 'y': means to fill the entire parent control in the vertical direction fill = 'both': means to fill the entire parent control
side	side=tk.TOP represents the top, bottom, left and right of the corresponding form side=tk.BOTTOM side=tk.LEFT side=tk.RIGHT *Similar to float
anchor	There are 8 directions in total: east, west, south, north, southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest.... They are: e,w,n,s,ne,se,nw,sw Follow-up updates here
ipadx, ipads	Similar to padding, increasing the space in the X direction or Y direction
in_	Python keyword replaces the corresponding text value
forget()	Hidden: element variable .forget() is displayed corresponding to pack()

Next we use menu

import tkinter as tk
 
 #窗体
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("我的窗口")                  
root.geometry("500x500+300+300")         
root.resizable(False, False)           


menubar=tk.Menu(root)

filemenu=tk.Menu(menubar,tearoff = 0)
filemenu.add_command(label='打开文件')

filemenu1=tk.Menu(menubar,tearoff = 0)
filemenu1.add_command(label='选择编辑文件')
filemenu1.add_command(label='选择搜索文件')

menubar.add_cascade(label='文件', menu=filemenu)
menubar.add_cascade(label='编辑', menu=filemenu1)
menubar.add_cascade(label='Quit',command=root.destroy)

root.config(menu=menubar)
root.mainloop()