Table of contents
1.2 First introduction to Linux
1.3 Introduction to virtual machines
1.4 VMware WorkStation installation
1.6 Remote connection to Linux system
1.1 Hardware and software
The computer as we know it is composed of: hardware and software.
Hardware: A general term for various physical devices composed of electronic, mechanical and optoelectronic components in a computer system.
Software: It is the interface and bridge between users and computer hardware. Users communicate with computers through software. An operating system is a type of software.
A complete computer:
An operating system is a type of computer software that is mainly responsible for: Serving as a bridge between users and computer hardware , scheduling and managing computer hardware to perform work . And a computer, without an operating system, is just a pile of unusable plastic.
When a computer has an operating system, it is equivalent to having a soul. The operating system can:
- Scheduling the CPU for work
- Scheduling memory for work
- Scheduling hard drives for data storage
- Scheduling network cards for network communication
- Scheduling speakers to make sounds
- Schedule the printer to print content...
Common operating systems include: windows, linux, mac, etc.
Whether it is a PC operating system or a mobile operating system, its function is to schedule the hardware to perform work and act as a bridge between the user and the hardware .
1.2 First introduction to Linux
1.2.1 The birth of Linux
Linux founder: Linus Torvalds
Linux was born in 1991, when the author was in college
Because the founder often needed to browse news and process emails when he was in college, he found that the existing operating system was not easy to use, so he decided to write a protected mode operating system. This was the prototype of Linux. He was 21 years old at the time. With the support of netizens all over the world, it is now compatible with a variety of hardware and has become one of the most popular server operating systems.
1.2.2 LInux kernel
The composition of the Linux system is as follows: The Linux system kernel and system-level applications are composed of two parts.
The kernel provides the core functions of the system: such as scheduling CPU, scheduling memory, scheduling file system, scheduling network communication, scheduling IO , etc.
System-level applications can be understood as factory-installed programs that allow users to quickly get started with the operating system, such as file managers, task managers, picture viewing, music playback, etc.
For example, when playing music, whether the user uses their own music player or a third-party player installed by themselves, the player program calls the relevant functions provided by the kernel, and the kernel schedules CPU decoding, audio production, etc.
It can be seen that the kernel is the core of the Linux operating system, and system-level applications are just the icing on the cake. The Linux kernel is free and open source, and anyone can download the kernel source code and view and modify it. You can download the Linux kernel through: https://www.kernel.org.
1.2.3 Linux distribution
The kernel is free and open source, which means: Anyone can obtain and modify the kernel, and integrate system-level programs by themselves to provide a complete package of kernel + system-level programs, which is called a Linux distribution.
Anyone can package Linux. There are currently many Linux distributions on the market. The commonly used and well-known ones are as follows:
Different distributions: The basic commands are 100% the same, but some operations are different.
Summarize:
1.3 Introduction to virtual machines
Through virtualization technology, computer hardware is virtualized in a computer and an operating system is installed on the virtual hardware to obtain a virtual computer, which is called a virtual machine.
Learning the Linux system requires a Linux system environment. We cannot reinstall the system to Linux on our own computers, so through the form of a virtual machine, we can obtain a usable Linux system environment for subsequent learning.
1.4 VMware WorkStation installation
Virtualization software: Through virtualization technology, computer hardware can be virtualized. So how to virtualize it? We can obtain virtual machines by providing virtualization software.
VMware download address: https://www.vmware.com/cn/products/workstation-pro.html
After the software installation is complete, verify that the network adapter is configured properly .
Win + r Enter ncpa.cpl and press Enter to open the network configuration and view:
1.5 Install Linux on VMware
Download URL: https://vault.centos.org/7.6.1810/isos/x86_64/ (don’t miss the last /)
Or directly use the following link to download: https://vault.centos.org/7.6.1810/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso
Install CentOS operating system in VMware
Open the VMware software:
Follow the steps to create a virtual machine
After clicking Finish, the installation of the CentOS system will be started. Just wait patiently for the installation to be completed. All subsequent steps will be automated.
1.6 Remote connection to Linux system
1.6.1 Graphical, command line
For the use of the operating system, there are two forms of use: 1. Using the operating system on a graphical page 2. Using the operating system in the form of commands. Whether it is Windows, Linux or MacOS systems, these two forms of use are supported.
Graphical: Use the graphical pages provided by the operating system to obtain graphical feedback on how to use the operating system.
Command line: Use various commands provided by the operating system to obtain character feedback to use the operating system.
1.6.2 FinalShell
DownloadFinalShell
You can get a Linux virtual machine using VMware, but it is not convenient to operate the Linux command line page in VMware. The main reasons are:
- Copying and pasting content across VMware is inconvenient
- It is inconvenient to upload and download files across VMware
- That is to say, various interactions with Linux systems are inconvenient across VMware.
You can remotely connect to the Linux operating system through third-party software, FinalShell . And operate the Linux system through FinalShell. This will make all kinds of operations very convenient.
The download address of FinalShell is:
Windows: http://www.hostbuf.com/downloads/finalshell_install.exe
Mac: http://www.hostbuf.com/downloads/finalshell_install.pkg After the download is complete, double-click to open the installation.
Connect to Linux system
1. First, query the IP address of the Linux system
In the Linux operating system, right-click on a blank desktop: open in terminal and enter ifconfig to see the IP address.
2. Open the Finshell software and configure the connection to the Linux system
3. Configure the connection as shown and click OK
4. Open the connection manager
5. Click Accept and Save
The connection is successful as shown in the figure
Note: If the Linux virtual machine is restarted, the IP may change. If you change the IP, you need to modify the connected IP address in FinalShell. I will explain how to fix the IP address so that it does not change.
