First introduction to Linux + environment deployment

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Linux founder: Linus Torvalds
Linux was born in 1991, when the author was in college
Because the founder often needed to browse news and process emails when he was in college, he found that the existing operating system was not easy to use, so he decided to write a protected mode operating system. This was the prototype of Linux. He was 21 years old at the time. With the support of netizens all over the world, it is now compatible with a variety of hardware and has become one of the most popular server operating systems.

The Linux system consists of two parts: the Linux system kernel and system-level applications .

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The kernel provides the core functions of the system, such as: scheduling CPU, scheduling memory, scheduling file system, scheduling network communication, scheduling IO, etc.
System-level applications can be understood as factory-installed programs that allow users to quickly get started with the operating system, such as file managers, task managers, picture viewing, music playback, etc.

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For example, when playing music, whether the user uses their own music player or a third-party player installed by themselves, the player program calls the relevant functions provided by the kernel, and the kernel schedules CPU decoding, audio production, etc.

The kernel is the core of the Linux operating system, and system-level applications are just the icing on the cake.
The Linux kernel is free and open source, and anyone can download the kernel source code and view and modify it. The Linux kernel can be downloaded at: https://www.kernel.org .

Linux distribution: Since the kernel is free and open source, anyone can obtain and modify the kernel, and integrate system-level programs by themselves, providing a complete package of kernel + system-level programs.

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Release name	main feature	Applicable scene	Package manager
Ubuntu	User friendly, tons of packages, strong community support	General, desktop, server	APT
Debian	High stability, large number of software packages, and strong community support	General, server	APT
Fedora	The latest open source software, innovation	General purpose, desktop	DNF
CentOS	Commercial-grade stability, free Red Hat alternative	server	YUM
Arch Linux	Rolling updates, highly customized	General purpose, desktop	Pacman
openSUSE	YaST Control Center, enterprise-grade stability	General, server	Zypper
Mint	User friendly, based on Ubuntu, good multimedia support	desktop	APT
Gentoo	Highly customizable, source code installation	Power User, Desktop	Portage

Ubuntu: Suitable for beginners, has a huge user community, and has multiple versions suitable for different purposes, such as desktop, server and IoT versions.
Debian: Suitable for users who need a stable system environment, and is also the basis for Ubuntu and many other distributions.
Fedora: attracts a large group of developers and technology enthusiasts by providing the latest open source software.
CentOS: Typically used in enterprise server environments, providing long-term support and stability.
Arch Linux: For experienced users who like customization and rolling updates.
openSUSE: Provides a friendly configuration and management system, also suitable for server and desktop environments.
Mint: Suitable for users who are new to Linux or want a plug-and-play system.
Gentoo: Highly customizable, suitable for experienced users and developers, all software is compiled and installed from source code.

It is recommended that if there is a conflict with other software on the computer during use, please try the deployment method of vm virtual machine.
Win10 uses WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) to install Ubuntu