Computer development history and core theorem formulas

Computer development history and core theorem formulas

Overview

A computer is a modern electronic device that can process, store, retrieve and transmit data. The development of computers can be traced back to the early twentieth century. After years of development and progress, computers have become an indispensable tool in modern society. This article will introduce the development history of computers and some core theorems and formulas.

computer history

1. Mechanical Computer Era

In the early twentieth century, mechanical computers were the dominant form of computing. This type of mechanical computer uses mechanical components such as gears, pulleys, and screws to perform calculations. The most famous of these is Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, a giant mechanical computer considered the forefather of computers. Although the Analytical Engine was never fully built, its design ideas had a profound impact on the development of computers.

2. The tube computer era

In the 1940s, tube computers began to appear. This type of computer uses electron tubes as switching elements, allowing for faster calculations. ENIAC was one of the earliest tube computers and was used for ballistic calculations. Since then, UNIVAC became the first commercial computer, and it was used in the U.S. Census. The disadvantages of tube computers are their large size, high power consumption, and large heat dissipation, which are not conducive to the further development of computers.

3. Transistor computer era

In the 1950s, transistors replaced electron tubes and became the main component of computers. Such computers are called transistor computers. Transistor computers have the advantages of small size, low power consumption, and high reliability, which further expand the application range of computers. The IBM 7090 is one of the representatives of transistor computers and is widely used in scientific computing and commercial applications.

4. Integrated circuit computer era

In the 1960s, the emergence of integrated circuit technology marked another leap in computers. Integrated circuit computers use tiny transistor chips as components of the computer, which further reduces the size and power consumption of the computer. IBM System/360 is one of the most famous representatives of integrated circuit computers. It is widely used in commercial and scientific computing fields.

5. Microprocessor Computer Age

In the 1970s, the emergence of microprocessors marked another evolution of computers. A microprocessor is a chip that integrates a computer's central processing unit, memory, and input and output interfaces. This further reduced the size and cost of computers, and also enabled computers to enter the personal computer market. The Intel 4004 was the first commercial microprocessor and was used in computer control and embedded systems.

6. Personal Computer Era

From the 1980s to the early 1990s, personal computers entered a period of rapid development. The IBM PC was the first successful personal computer and ushered in a new era of personal computers. Since then, Apple has launched the Macintosh computer, Microsoft has launched the Windows operating system, and personal computers have been widely used. With the development of the Internet, personal computers have further become an important tool for people's life, work and entertainment.

7. Mobile Computer Era

In the early 21st century, mobile computers began to rise. Smartphones and tablets have become the representatives of mobile computers. The advantages of mobile computers are portability, ease of use, and powerful functions, which further expands the application scenarios of computers. With the development of 5G technology, mobile computers have broader application prospects.

Core theorem formula

1. Boolean theorem

The Boolean theorem is one of the most fundamental theorems in computer science. It describes the basic rules of logical operations. The Boolean theorem has three basic operators: AND, OR and NOT.

• AND operation (AND): If both inputs are true, the output is true, otherwise the output is false.
• Or operation (OR): If at least one of the two inputs is true, the output is true, otherwise the output is false.
• NOT operation (NOT): If the input is true, the output is false, if the input is false, the output is true.

The formula of Boolean theorem is as follows:

A AND B = 0 or 1
A OR B = 0 or 1
NOT A = 0 or 1

2. Turing machine

Turing machines are one of the most important theorems in computer science. It was proposed by British mathematician Alan Turing in the 1930s. A Turing machine is a theoretical computing model that can simulate the behavior of any modern computer.

A Turing machine consists of an infinitely long piece of paper tape, a read-write head, and a set of rules. The paper tape is divided into cells, and each cell can store a symbol. A read-write head can move across the paper tape and read or write symbols. Rules describe how the read-write head performs operations based on the current symbol and state.

The formula of Turing machine is as follows:

M = (Q, Σ, Γ, δ, q0, qA, qR)

Among them, Q is the state set, Σ is the input symbol set, Γ is the tape symbol set, δ is the transfer function, q0 is the initial state, qA is the acceptance state, and qR is the rejection state.

3. Von Neumann architecture

The von Neumann architecture is the basic framework of modern computers. It was proposed by American computer scientist John von Neumann in the 1940s. The von Neumann architecture includes the following components:

• Memory: used to store programs and data.
• Operator: used to perform arithmetic and logical operations.
• Controller: used to control the execution of the program.
• Input and output devices: used to input and output data.

The formula of the von Neumann architecture is as follows:

M = (P, D, C, I/O)

Among them, P is the memory, D is the arithmetic unit, C is the controller, and I/O is the input and output device.

in conclusion

The development of computers is a long and tortuous process. From mechanical computers to electron tube computers, to transistor computers, integrated circuit computers, microprocessor computers, personal computers and mobile computers, the form and performance of computers have been continuously improved and improved. At the same time, the proposal and application of core theorem formulas such as Boolean theorem, Turing machine and von Neumann architecture have also made important contributions to the development of computer science.

With the continuous advancement of computer technology, people's demand for computers is also increasing. Computers have become an indispensable tool in modern society. They are widely used in various fields, including scientific research, industrial production, medical care, financial services, transportation, communications and entertainment, etc. In the future, computer technology will continue to develop, and they will play a more important role in a wider range of fields.

In short, the development history and core theorems and formulas of computers are an indispensable part of computer science. Understanding their development and applications helps us better understand the nature and role of computers, and also helps us better cope with future computer science challenges.