oscar wilde
Oscar Wilde (Oscar Wilde, October 16, 1854 - November 30, 1900), born in Dublin, Ireland , was one of the greatest writers and artists in 19th-century Britain (Ireland to be precise, but it was ruled by Britain at the time) . 1. Famous for his plays, poems, fairy tales and novels, he is a representative figure of aestheticism , the main force of the aesthetic movement in the 1880s and the pioneer of the decadent movement in the 1890s. [1]
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Representative work "Winnie the Pooh"
Representative work "The Happy Prince"
Representative work "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory"
Representative work "The Story of the Treasure Hunter"
Chinese name
oscar wilde
foreign name
Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde
date of birth
October 16, 1854 (Monday)
place of birth
Dublin, Ireland
death date
November 30, 1900 (Friday)
place of death
Paris France
nationality
graduated school
Trinity College Dublin, University of Oxford
literary genre
aestheticism
representative work
The Picture of Dorian Gray , Salome
Belief
Became Catholic in his later years
Table of contents
- ▪Fairy tale
- ▪Poetry _
- ▪Novel _
- ▪Drama _
- 5 character evaluation
Biographies
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Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin , Ireland , the second son of a distinguished family. His father, Sir William Wilde, was a surgeon, and his mother was a poet and writer. [2]
In 1864, Wilde attended Putora Royal School in Ennischering, which was not particularly popular among boys. While at school, he fell in love with flowers, sunsets and Greek literature. Although he was often criticized by teachers for being lazy, he still won the Putola Gold Medal, which represents the best performance in classical literature, in his last year at this school. [3]
In 1871, at the age of 17, he won a scholarship to Trinity College, Dublin. It was at this school that he met Professor Mahaffy, who had a considerable influence on Wilde's life. Years later, he recalled that Mahaffy "was a very eloquent person, an artist who was good at using eloquence and vivid words." [3]
sign
After graduating from Trinity College in Dublin , Wilde received a full literary scholarship and entered Magdalen College, Oxford University, in 1874 . At Oxford, Wilde was influenced by the aesthetic concepts of Walter Pater and John Ruskin , and was exposed to neo-Hegelian philosophy, Darwinian evolution and the works of the Pre- Raphaelites , which paved the way for him to become a pioneer of aestheticism. The writer sets the direction. After publishing his first "Collection of Poems", he began to emerge in the literary world and came to London to develop. Although the young Wilde had not yet won a literary award, he was already well-known in London social circles for his eye-catching clothes, witty conversation, and maverick style. Some magazines even published satirical articles about him. [2]
At Oxford University in 1876
In 1875, Wilde traveled to Italy during the summer vacation and wrote one of his early poems ("San Miniato"), but this poem would not be published until several years later. In 1877, Wilde and two other young people accompanied Professor Mahaffy on a trip to Greece. They were so enchanted by the natural scenery and exquisite architecture of Greece that they lingered and delayed classes. After returning to Oxford, he was fined 45 pounds by the school. The fine was returned the following year due to his academic excellence. In 1878, Wilde's last year at Oxford was extremely successful. Not only did he rank among the best in academic performance, he also won a school poetry competition with his poem "Raffena". The winning poem was funded by the school and became Wilde's first published work. Wilde moved from Oxford to London and called himself a professor of aestheticism . In 1880, by this time Wilde was already well-established in London society, and Paw magazine began making fun of his appearance. His first play "Vera" was completed in the same year, but it did not have a big response and was not staged in London due to political reasons. In 1881, Gilbert and Sullivan wrote the aesthetically humorous short play "Peanuts," which unintentionally gave Wilde a bad reputation. A collection of Wilde's poems was published in the same year, probably at the poet's own expense. [3]
In 1882, Wilde gave a wonderful lecture tour in the United States. Two years later, he fell in love and married Constance Lloyd, and their two sons, Cyril and Vyvyan, also separated. Born in 1885 and 1886. [2]
Douglas (left) and his brother
In 1887, Wilde became the executive editor of a women's magazine called "Women's World" (originally called "Lady's World", Wilde changed the name because he thought it was tacky), and published some of his novels, reviews and poems in the magazine. Wilde's works are famous for their beautiful words, novel ideas and clear opinions. [2] In May 1888, " The Happy Prince and Other Stories " was published. On June 20, 1890, the novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray" was serialized in the newspaper, establishing his status as a decadent artist. His first novel " The Picture of Dorian Gray " was published in 1891. The opportunity for the creation of the novel came from Wilde visiting a famous old painter one day. The painter's male model looked very young and beautiful, so Wilde couldn't help but Sighing: "It's a pity that such a beautiful creature will still age one day." The painter replied: Yes, it would be great if the man in the painting could grow old instead of him. Later, Wilde wrote the novel " The Picture of Dorian Gray ". In order to thank the painter, Wilde named the painter in the novel after him. Later, he published the essay "The Soul of Man Under Socialism", Both works were very successful, but it was his plays that really won Wilde's reputation . It can be said that each of his plays was warmly received. For a period, both of his plays were performed on the London stage at the same time. Three of his works. These plays of his have been called the best comedies since Sheridan 's " The School of Rumors ."[2]
In 1895, the Marquess of Queensberry discovered that his son Lord Alfred Douglas (nicknamed "Bosie") had been dating Wilde for four years and sued Wilde. A note was posted at the celebrity club he went to: "To Oscar Wilde - the pretentious sodomite." He openly denounced Wilde as a lecherous "sodomite" (the term "homosexual" had not yet been coined at that time). [2] This accusation caused Wilde to immediately write to his friend Ross.
The Marquess of Queensberry was a tyrannical father and had long-standing disputes with Douglass. In response, an angry Alfred Douglas asked Wilde to appeal immediately and sue the Marquis for ruining his reputation. As a result, Wilde's appeal failed, and he was even accused of "committing acts of gross indecency with other male persons." Wilde was found guilty under Part 11 of Britain's harsh Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1855 and served two years at hard labor in Reading and Pentonville prisons. In the past two years, Wilde stopped writing dramas and wrote the poem "Song of Reading Gaol" and the collection of letters "Letter from the Abyss" in prison. In these two works, his style has changed, and it is difficult to find the influence of aestheticism. While Wilde was serving his sentence, his wife Constance and their two children changed their surname to Holland and moved to Italy. Most of his friends in social and literary circles shunned him. Only a few people, such as the playwright Bernard Shaw, still stood up to defend him. [2]
wilde
On May 1, 1895, the jury could not agree on Wilde's guilt, and one juror agreed to release Wilde on bail. On May 7, he was released from prison on bail. On May 20, the case was heard for the second time. On May 25, Wilde was sentenced to two years of forced labor for "gross indecency". He was first detained in Bentonville Prison in London, then transferred to Wandsworth Prison in London on July 4, and then transferred to Wandsworth Prison in London on November 20. Reading Gaol, 30 miles west of London. On September 24 and November 12 of that year, the court conducted two bankruptcy investigations into Wilde and then declared him bankrupt.
Oscar Wilde's Tomb.
After his release in 1897, Wilde set off for Paris. He was so disappointed with Britain that he no longer had any nostalgia. He tried to get back together with Constance for the sake of their two children, but Alfred Douglas took the initiative to meet with him and expressed his desire to rebuild his old relationship with Wilde . Wilde chose Douglas. While he was living in France under a pseudonym, he completed and published "The Ballad of Reading Gaol". [2] In 1898, Wilde and Douglas traveled to Italy together, but in the end the two still broke up. Wilde's glory faded, and Douglas began to understand that Wilde was no longer the married and successful man that everyone admired. Although they once fell in love and chatted together to the end of the world, the willful Douglas had said to Wilde earlier: "If you are no longer the superior Wilde, then everything will no longer be interesting."
memorial statue
In 1900, Wilde finally converted to Catholicism with the help of his friend and one-time same-sex lover Robert 'Robbie' Ross (Ross was Wilde's first same-sex lover, and Wilde once said that it was because of The temptation of Ross led him to the path of homosexuality. Ross was 17 years old and Wilde was 32 years old. Although Wilde later became obsessed with Douglas, Ross loved Wilde for many years and helped him. After Ross's death, his ashes were buried with Wilde's according to his wishes. together). Wilde died of meningitis at the Alsace Hotel in Paris on November 30, 1900 , at the age of 46. Only Rose and another friend were with him when he died. Wilde's grave in Paris is carved into a small sphinx based on the imagery in his collection of poems "The Sphinx". [2]
At the end of the 20th century, after nearly a century of being vilified, Britain finally gave Oscar Wilde the honor of erecting a statue. On November 30, 1998, a statue of Oscar Wilde, sculpted by Maggie Hamlin, was unveiled on Adelaide Street near Trafalgar Square in London. The statue is titled "A Conversation with Oscar Wilde" and features Wilde's oft-quoted quote: "We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking." at the stars.) [2]
List of works
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| Chinese translation name |
foreign name |
type |
time |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Picture of Dorian Gray |
novel |
1891 |
|
| "Collection of Poems" |
Poems |
poetry |
1881 |
| "Sphinx" |
Sphinx |
1894 |
|
| "The Song of Reading Gaol" |
The Ballad of Reading Gaol |
1898 |
|
| "Vera" |
Vera |
script |
1880 |
| "Lady Windermere's Fan" Also translated as "Mrs. Wen's Fan" and "The Young Mistress's Fan" |
Lady Windermere`s Fan |
1892 |
|
| "The Duchess of Padua" |
The Duchess of Padua |
1893 |
|
| " Salome " (Original work written in French) |
Salome |
1893 |
|
| "The Insignificant Woman" (Premiered at Theater Royal Haymarket in 1893) |
A Woman of No Importance |
1892 |
|
| "The Importance of Being Serious" Also translated as " Not a Child's Play " [4] |
The Importance of Being Earnest |
1895 |
|
| "Ideal Husband" also translated as "Good Husband" |
An Ideal Husband |
1895 |
|
| "The Happy Prince and Other Stories " Collection of fairy tales: "The happy prince" " Thenightingale and the rose" " The selfish Giant " " The devoted friend " "The remarkable rocket" |
The Happy Prince and Other Tales |
fairy tale collection |
1888 |
| "Pomegranate House/Pomegranate House " Collection of fairy tales: "The young king" " The birthday of the infanta " "The fisherman and his soul" 《星孩（The star-child）》 |
A House of Pomegranates |
1891 |
|
| "The Soul of Man Under Socialism" |
The Soul of Man Under Socialism |
collection of essays |
1891 |
| "Letter from the Abyss" is also translated as "From the Deep" and "Wilde in Prison". |
From the depths |
Collection of letters |
1897 |
| 《ESSAYS AND LECTURE》 |
Essay collection |
||
| "The Stalk, the Brush and the Poison" |
Pen 、Pencil And Poison |
INTENTIONS |
|
| "The Critic as Artist" |
The Critic As Artist |
||
| "The Decline of Lies" |
The Decay Of Lying |
1889 |
|
| "The Reality Behind the Mask" |
The Truth Of Masks |
||
| "Canterville's Ghost" |
The Canterville Ghost |
collection of short stories |
|
| "Model Millionaire" |
The Model Millionaire |
||
| "The Sphinx with No Secrets" |
The Sphinx Without A Secret |
||
| "The Crimes of Lord Arthur Saville" |
The Arthur Savile’s Crime |
||
| The Portrait of Mr. W. H. |
出版图书
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作者名称 奥斯卡·王尔德
作品时间 2011年11月1日
《莎乐美》是2011年11月1日上海译文出版社出版的一本图书，作者是(英)王尔德。本书故事取材于《圣经》里莎乐美为希律王跳舞换得施洗者约翰头颅的情节，欲望的纠缠、畸恋的爆发、诡异的氛围，都被作者在这短短的篇幅里发展到极致。
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作者名称 奥斯卡·王尔德
作品时间 2016年1月
《自深深处》是2016年1月雅众文化/陕西师范大学出版总社出版的图书，作者是[英国] 奥斯卡·王尔德，译者是叶蔚芳。
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作者名称 奥斯卡·王尔德
作品时间 2017年1月1日
《道林·格雷的画像》是英国戏剧家、小说家奥斯卡·王尔德创作的长篇小说，也是其唯一的一部长篇小说作品，该作于1890年7月美国《利...
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作者名称 奥斯卡·王尔德
《快乐王子和其他故事》是英国诗人、小说家奥斯卡·王尔德创作的一部童话故事集。
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写作特点
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童话
Oscar Wilde
尽管王尔德的悲剧童话作品不论故事背后暗藏的是同性还是异性的情愫，他所用的语言词藻对情爱的修饰近乎一种浮华的美，但这种美对于世俗之爱的爱情最终的幻灭与消逝无济于事，能够达成完满的唯有博爱的基督和至上的艺术。正如王尔德自己所言“艺术的目的不是简单的真实，而是复杂的美。”他以独特的叙事方式展示唯美主义风格的悲剧故事，打造了一种难以言喻的美。 [6]
比起希腊悲剧大气磅礴的因果宿命，莎士比亚戏剧人文主义者孤独的痛苦，海明威笔下永不言败的悲剧英雄精神，他记叙的是生命里的美丽与哀愁—平凡生活里的爱，精神世界中的美，以及这两者的毁灭给人的心灵带来的巨大痛苦，突出了基督神性的救赎与归宿。王尔德不再重复王子与公主幸福地生活一百年的陈词滥调，也不表达善有善报恶有恶报的美好愿望，只用一种淡然超脱的口吻来讲述悲剧，借助人物交错的视角与眼光让读者听见打鱼人长长的叹息，夜莺最后命若游丝的歌声，小矮人哀哀的哭泣和他的心破裂的声音。作为隐含作者的他始终对故事人物沉默不语，让基督感召中的死亡成为人物告别悲剧命运最好的完结仪式。他以不完美的童话反复叩问生活中处处存在的矛盾与悖论、影射现实社会的困顿与复杂，以曲折的方式展现他对艺术、爱情及人生完美而纯粹的追求，亦用自己的作品预言了他独特的人生路线：生前走在享乐主义与感官主义的边缘，摇摆于物质与精神之间，对爱情既渴望又绝望，临终前于孤寂中皈依了天主教，投入基督的怀抱，和他笔下的悲剧人物一般，得到他真正的心灵安宁。 [6]
诗歌
唯美主义不仅仅是对浪漫主义诗歌的继承和发展，更重要的是对它的革新。唯美主义运动最著名的思想口号是“为艺术而艺术”，这也是此文学运动能够在封建的温文尔雅的英国维多利亚中晚期发展起来并形成一定规模的原因之一。1895年王尔德因为所谓的“有伤风化罪”锒铛入狱，即使在服刑期间他的创作灵感也丝毫未受影响。在写给男友的一篇名为《自深深处》的经典作品中， 他不止一次说道“我是这个时代艺术与文化的象征”，甚至在他去世前嘴里还喃喃自语道“美，唯有美才是这样”。 [7]
王尔德为艺术而献身的精神、对传统诗歌思想实践的叛逆与革新，诗歌《里丁监狱歌谣》则是最好的体现。《里丁监狱之歌》由王尔德1897年出狱后开始创作并于1898年完成，是他生前最后一篇诗歌巨著。全诗共分六个部分，总共660行，六行一个诗节，其中他一改传统叙述诗行，表达了其他监狱者的情感，尤其描述了罪恶大学、道德沦丧以及监狱体制的非人虐待。这首诗歌是为纪念一位皇家卫队士兵因谋杀妻子而将被绞死的情境而作。在这首诗歌中，他尽量选用能够更好表达自己思想的词汇，看似有感而发、即兴而作，实则包含对整个社会的审视和评判，这与他两年的牢狱生活有着不可分割的关系。整首诗歌中， 他恰当地运用重复的修辞手段、细微的音节变化。在第443和444行，“忧惧大踏步走在我们前面； 恐怖蹑着脚跟在我们后边”，这愈发加重了恐怖的氛围，令人毛骨悚然。这首诗歌逼真的情境描写使读者感同身受，真正达到了唯美的目的。 [7]
小说
王尔德一生创作了大量的作品。他取材丰富、涉猎面广。有评论，有童话，有戏剧。但是他的长篇小说只有一部——《道林·格雷的画像》（1890）。王尔德在这部小说中，以丰富的想象，离奇的情节，优美的文笔，富于哲理的语言，揭露了英国上流社会的精神空虚与道德沉沦，交织着善与恶，美与丑，灵魂的堕落到肉体的毁灭的悲剧，形象地表明了作者自己的人生观、道德观和艺术观。这部小说，以独特的艺术构思形象化地阐述了“艺术至上”的理论。画家贝西尔不为名利而创作肖像，由于他在追求“美”的过程中，在画像上注入了自己的“全部心血”，才使画像具有异常的“美”和奇特的生命力。作者通过这样的情节安排来说明：唯有贯彻“为艺术而艺术”的主张创造出来的艺术品才能算作永恒的崇高的至善至美的艺术品。它所体现出来的“唯美主义”、“为艺术而艺术”等观点，用马列主义文艺观来衡量当然是不无偏颇之处，但是我们应当看到这是当时的知识分子试图逃避资本主义制度下的罪恶而产生的一种天真的想法，可以认为这是针对资本主义制度的一种消极的反动。 [8]
戏剧
王尔德在戏剧中取得的伟大成就在于戏剧对话中的语言，每个词汇都值得推敲。王尔德是个勇敢的剧作家，他诙谐的语言揭示了上层社会的腐朽与混乱。很多名言警句甚至来自于一些负面角色，这使得对话显得更加有趣，也使得人物塑造更加丰满而真实。正是修辞手法的运用使得王尔德的戏剧意味深长，流芳百世。 [9]
对王尔德来说， 矛盾修辞充分体现了他诙谐的语言风格。他把一对语意相反、相对立的词巧妙地放在一起使用，借以表达较为复杂的思想感情或说明某种意味深长的哲理。矛盾修辞手法的妙用在于揭示人们内心世界的复杂心理矛盾和人生哲理。”在《理想的丈夫》中，梅布尔·奇尔顿说道：“我真的很喜欢伦敦！这一点已经得到了充分的证明，整个城市都是漂亮的傻瓜和杰出的疯子。”梅布尔说她爱伦敦而且这也得到了充分证明，但是她的论据竟是伦敦满是漂亮的傻瓜和杰出的疯子。“漂亮”、“傻瓜”， “杰出”、“疯子”，这种表述相互矛盾，揭示了王尔德对上层社会的讽刺。 [9]
王尔德的戏剧中使用了大量的头韵，例如，在《温德米尔太太的扇子》第四幕中，当温德米尔误会了欧琳太太而对其讽刺的时候，欧琳太太说：“我亲爱的温德米尔，先讲礼貌，后讲德操！”（My Dear Wintermiere. Manner before morals!）头韵的运用使欧琳太太的回答显得得体而幽默，显示出她的大家风范。 [9]
对照也是王尔德常用的一种技巧。通过使用对照，王尔德的语言更加流利，角色更加鲜明，本质更加突出。在《温德米尔太太的扇子》最后一幕中，当温德米尔公爵评价欧琳太太时对妻子说道：“亲爱的，你和她属于两个不同的世界，你的世界里没有邪恶。”妻子回答道：“阿瑟，不要这么说。这是我们共同的世界，善与恶，罪恶与清白，都是共同存在的。”通过对照，深刻地反映了温德米尔太太态度的转变，体现了她思想的成熟，她眼里曾经邪恶的欧琳夫人帮助了她，阻止她与情人私奔而维护她原本完美的婚姻，经过这一切，她不再以简单的善恶来看待这个世界，而是以包容的态度看待自己与他人。 [9]
人物评价
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王尔德富有过人的自信和天赋，虽然他的晚年极为潦倒，但他的艺术成就仍使他成为世界经典的艺术家。他的童话也赢得了广大读者的青睐，王尔德也因此被誉为“童话王子”。
王尔德是英国唯美主义运动的倡导者，19世纪与萧伯纳齐名的英国才子，他一生中就写过九篇童话，但每一篇都是精华，他的童话作品可以与安徒生童话和格林童话相媲美。 [10]
人物影响
编辑 播报
王尔德
他被誉为“才子和戏剧家”。最体现王尔德才华的，不是童话，也不是短篇小说，而是《道林·格雷的画像》等长篇小说，以及《温德米尔夫人的扇子》《莎乐美》等戏剧作品，其戏剧作品堪称一时之绝唱。建立起以享乐主义为基础的唯美主义思想，并成为英国唯美主义的代表人物。他在《道林·格雷的画像》的序言和论文集《意图》中系统阐述“为艺术而艺术”的美学观点，认为作品的价值在于艺术形式的完美，而与社会伦理道德无关。后接连发表风俗喜剧《理想的丈夫》（1898）等，演出后颇受欢迎。1895年《认真的重要》被认为是他的代表剧作。
唯美主义哲学尖锐批判了当时的物质社会和庸人主义。倡导人应该在生活中发现美、鉴别美、享受美，充分地展现个性。王尔德作为唯美主义的倡导者和实践者，无论是他的主张还是他的个性或者作品都是充满魅力的。王尔德醉心于艺术形式美的追寻，其断言只有风格才能使艺术不朽。王尔德不仅在服饰、装饰、语言的表达以及行为举止等人生的各方面创造了绚烂多彩的审美形式，并成功折射到他的作品中去。 [11]
王尔德对唯美主义的探求，拓展了美的领域和艺术表现的范围，提高了艺术表现的能力，为艺术发展提供了若干可资后人借鉴和研究的新经验，新因素，这也未尝不是艺术上的一种有益的探索和进步。 [8]
人物思想
编辑 播报
王尔德对英国社会的市侩哲学和虚伪道德深恶痛绝，他要用艺术的“美”来同鄙俗现实中的“丑”相对抗。他认为美高于一切，艺术高于生活，艺术的美与价值不存在于生活与自然之中，艺术应该超脱人生。他说：“一切坏的艺术都是返归生活和自然造成的，并且是将生活和自然上升为理想的结果。”又说：“唯一美的事物，是与我们无关的事物。”“艺术越抽象、超理想化，就越向我们揭示出时代的特征。”他反对唯物论，也反对自然主义和现实主义的创作原则。他不无偏激地说：“19世纪对现实主义的憎恶，犹如从镜子里照见自己面孔的凯列班的狂怒。”又说：“作为一种方法，现实主义是一个完全的失败。每一个艺术家应该避免的两件事是形式的现代性和题材的现代性。”因而他提倡写“美而不真实的故事”即所谓“撒谎的”的作品，他的唯美主义作品中的主人公，无论是道林·格雷、莎乐美，还是快乐王子，都是非现实的、虚构的、珍奇的；这些人物活动的背景，也都是超现实的，人为想象的，远离人生的。 [8]
王尔德坚信艺术的独立生命和自身价值，追随颓废派之后，反对艺术的功利性，主张艺术不受道德约束，艺术家应是绝对自由和傲世独立的。他说：“艺术的宗旨是展示艺术本身”、“艺术家是美的作品的创造者⋯⋯艺术家没有伦理上的好恶，⋯⋯书无所谓道德不道德。⋯⋯一切艺术都是毫无用处的”，艺术除了表现自身之外，不表现任何东西，它和思想一样，有独立的生命，而且纯粹按自己的路线发展。因而他醉心于艺术形式美的追寻，并断言只有风格才能使艺术不朽。既然艺术的目的只是创造美，而美的目的只是自身，那么怎样才能创造出这种“纯艺术”、“纯美”来呢？ 他在《社会主义下的人的灵魂》中回答说，艺术的美是具有独特气质而又不受任何约束的艺术家只是为了享受创作快乐的单纯目的，凭想象创造出来的。他强调了美的超功利性、主观性和享乐性。这种美是超越的美、升华的美、空灵的美、神秘的美，也是康德美学中的与“附庸美”相对立的“自由美”。这种美所产生的快乐，也不单纯是官能上、感觉上的快乐，而是游离人生的快乐，对于美的乐园的神往与沉浸其中的快乐。在《道林·格雷的画像》和《莎乐美》所揭示的灵与肉尖锐冲突的主题中，我们所看到的正是王尔德要灵化肉感的主张。在莎乐美执着追求美与爱而拥抱死亡的沉溺中，都有一种唯美主义的哲学。这种哲学乃是对当时物质社会和庸人主义的一种尖锐批判。可见王尔德的美学主张，实际上也不完全是超功利的和艺术自足性的。 [8]
Wilde said: "Life imitates art. Life is actually a mirror, but art is reality." This means that it is not art that reflects life, but life that imitates art. Nature can only exist after being processed and transformed by artists, so nature is also an imitation of art. In his opinion, only with Hamlet's "pessimism" can we have pessimistic thoughts in modern times. Only with the fog in London described by poets and painters can people realize that London has "beautiful" fog. Therefore, he advocated that life should be artistic, rather than art should be human. In this way, he overturned the relationship between art and life, art and nature. From a superficial perspective, this view improves the status of art, but from a deeper analysis, it denies the cognitive value of art, and therefore denies the meaning of the existence of art itself. However, Wilde's view is incomplete. In other places, he acknowledged the interconnection between art and life and the existence of "art's imitation of life." Wilde's tragedy is that his series of aesthetic propositions lack the internal unity of materialist dialectics, which ultimately leads to a series of errors and self-contradictions in theory and practice. However, this does not mean that Wilde’s aesthetic propositions, theories, practices and his aesthetic exploration are without value and not worthy of study. On the contrary, it is a positive thought to reject the degeneration of art and defend the purity and independence of art. [8]