Overview of IoT application technology

Preface

In today's society, the Internet of Things has become a development trend in more and more industries. IoT technology is not only widely used in smart cities, smart homes, smart medical and other fields, but also plays an important role in manufacturing, transportation, environmental monitoring and other fields. With the continuous development of technology, the application prospects of the Internet of Things are becoming more and more broad, and it will also bring more business opportunities and social benefits. This article will explore the advantages and challenges of IoT technology in its application fields, as well as some cases of IoT applications in actual scenarios.

smart industry

Smart industry is a new industrial development model that enables machine automation, informatization, visualization, and intelligence to achieve efficient production, high quality, low cost, and environmental friendliness. It represents the future direction of industrial development and will profoundly affect the development of various manufacturing fields around the world.

Basic concepts of Industry 4.0

The development of human industry has gone through four important processes, from the mechanization era to the digital era to today's intelligent era. Each stage has brought us tremendous changes and progress.

• The Industry 1.0 era refers to the stage of the Industrial Revolution from the end of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century. The emergence of steam engines and textile machines allowed the handmade manufacturing industry to gradually realize mechanized production and greatly improve production efficiency.

• The Industry 2.0 era was in the early to mid-20th century, when electricity and oil replaced steam, and automated equipment on the production line made the production process more efficient and stable, and human industry further developed.
  

• The Industry 3.0 era is at the end of the 20th century. The application of computers and automation technology has gradually digitized industrial production. Factories have implemented information management, further improving production efficiency and quality.

• In the Industry 4.0 era, in the early 21st century, digital technologies represented by new technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence gradually matured, realizing the digitization, networking, and intelligence of the manufacturing industry.
  

Industry 4.0 has changed the traditional industrial value chain, marking the transformation of industry from being driven by factors such as land and human resources to being driven by technological innovation.

Basic content covered by Industry 4.0

Characteristics of Industry 4.0

• Interconnection : In Industry 4.0, equipment, machines and systems are highly interconnected, forming an intelligent ecosystem. This interconnectivity can lead to more efficient, flexible and intelligent production processes.
• Data : Another feature of Industry 4.0 is datafication. In this intelligent ecosystem, various devices and machines can collect large amounts of data through sensors, which can be processed and analyzed to provide more precise guidance and decisions for production.
• Integration : In Industry 4.0, different systems and technologies can be seamlessly integrated to achieve a more intelligent production process. This integration can make the production process more efficient and flexible, while also improving production quality and reducing costs.
• Innovation : The emergence of Industry 4.0 has brought about subversion and innovation in production methods. Through the application of new generation technology, production can be made more efficient, flexible and personalized, and it can also bring more business opportunities to enterprises.
• Transformation : Industry 4.0 is a revolution in the manufacturing industry, which also puts forward higher requirements for the organization and management model of enterprises. Enterprises need to transform and upgrade, improve their technical level and management level to adapt to the challenges of the new round of industrial change.

smart factory

Smart factory refers to the use of advanced technologies such as digitalization, networking, and intelligence to achieve intelligence, automation, informatization, and flexibility in the entire production process, thereby improving production efficiency and product quality, reducing costs and energy consumption, and promoting industrial transformation and upgrading. A modern factory form.

Smart factories can realize the automation and intelligence of production lines through various sensors, industrial robots, automation control systems, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and other technologies, and realize the visualization, informatization and intelligence of the factory production process through data collection, processing, analysis and other technologies. ization, thereby realizing real-time monitoring, scheduling and optimization of the production process. It has the following 5 major features.

• Highly interconnected : Smart factories use technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing to achieve a high degree of interconnection among various elements such as equipment, workpieces, and workers to realize the digitization, informatization, and intelligence of the production process.
• Real-time system : The production process and management system of smart factories are real-time. Through real-time data collection, processing and feedback, timely monitoring, adjustment and optimization of the production process can be achieved.
• Flexibility and agility : Smart factories can flexibly adjust production processes and production line configurations based on market demand, production plans and other factors to achieve flexibility and agility in the production process.
• Intelligentization : Smart factories use technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning to conduct data analysis and prediction on the production process to realize automation and intelligence of the production process.
• Environmental protection and energy saving : Smart factories achieve environmental protection and sustainable development of the production process through energy saving, emission reduction and other means.

Smart manufacturing

Intelligent manufacturing is the application of information technology, automation technology and modern management technology to digitize, network and intelligently upgrade the production, management, service and other aspects of the manufacturing process to improve production efficiency, product quality, energy utilization efficiency and environmental sustainability. sustainability, thereby realizing the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.

Bold style
Smart manufacturing realizes full life cycle data visualization and traceability through data collection, transmission, processing and analysis, promotes the optimization and efficiency improvement of the manufacturing process, and also supports needs such as personalized customization, flexible production and instant delivery. Intelligent manufacturing is the core of Industry 4.0 and one of the development directions of the future manufacturing industry.

• Product intelligence : Integrate sensors, processors, memories, network and communication modules, and intelligent control software into products to enable products to have the capabilities of perception, computing, communication, control, and autonomy, making products traceable and identifiable , positionable
• Equipment intelligence : Through the integration and fusion of advanced manufacturing, information processing, artificial intelligence, industrial robots and other technologies, it has the ability to perceive, analyze, reason, make decisions, execute, autonomously learn and maintain, as well as self-organize, adapt and network. , collaborative intelligent production systems and equipment
• Intelligent production methods : New business formats and new models such as personalized customization, service-oriented manufacturing, and cloud manufacturing are essentially reorganizing the relationships between customers, suppliers, sellers, and internal organizations of enterprises, and reconstructing the information flow, product flow, and The operating model of capital flow, rebuilding a new industrial value chain, ecosystem and competitive landscape
• Intelligent management: divided into horizontal integration, vertical integration and end-to-end integration. Horizontally is the integration of the ecological chain from R&D, production, products, sales, channels to user management; vertically is the integration from smart equipment, smart production lines, smart workshops, smart factories to production links; end-to-end integration is from producers to consumers from product design, manufacturing, logistics distribution, and after-sales service management and services

Characteristics of “Made in China 2025”

"Made in China 2025" is an important strategic plan released in May 2015. It aims to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry to intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing, and service-oriented manufacturing, thereby achieving the goal of becoming a manufacturing power.

After decades of rapid development, my country's manufacturing industry has ranked first in the world in scale and has established a complete, independent and complete manufacturing system, which has become an important cornerstone to support my country's economic and social development and an important force in promoting world economic development; continuous Technological innovation has greatly improved the comprehensive competitiveness of my country's manufacturing industry.

The "three-step" strategy is an important part of Made in China 2025 and aims to achieve the strategic goal of becoming a manufacturing power. This strategy is divided into three phases:

• The first step: strive to become a manufacturing power within ten years. By 2020, industrialization will be basically achieved, the status of a major manufacturing country will be further consolidated, and the informatization level of the manufacturing industry will be greatly improved. Mastering a number of key core technologies in key areas, the competitiveness in advantageous areas has been further enhanced, and product quality has been greatly improved. Significant progress has been made in the digitalization, networking, and intelligence of the manufacturing industry.
• Step two: By 2035, my country's manufacturing industry as a whole will reach the middle level of the world's manufacturing powers. Innovation capabilities have been greatly improved, major breakthroughs have been made in the development of key areas, overall competitiveness has been significantly enhanced, advantageous industries have formed global innovation leadership capabilities, and industrialization has been fully realized.
• Step Three: When the People's Republic of China celebrates its 100th anniversary, its status as a major manufacturing country will be further consolidated, and its comprehensive strength will enter the forefront of the world's manufacturing powers. The main fields of manufacturing have innovation leadership capabilities and obvious competitive advantages, and have built a world-leading technology system and industrial system.

smart agriculture

Smart agriculture uses high-tech means to improve agricultural production, management and service levels, including planting, animal husbandry, aquaculture, etc. Improve the yield, quality, nutrition and safety of agricultural products through automation, informatization, digitalization and intelligent technologies, involving drones, sensors, Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies.

Basic concepts of smart agriculture

Smart agriculture refers to the use of high-tech means such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and big data to digitalize, network, and intelligently upgrade agricultural production, management, and services to improve agricultural production efficiency, product quality, and sustainability, and satisfy the needs of the people. The demand for high-quality and safe agricultural products promotes agricultural modernization.

The early concept of precision agriculture was positioned at using GPS, GIS, satellite remote sensing technology, as well as sensing technology, wireless communication and network technology, and computer-aided decision support technology to implement real-time monitoring, analysis, intelligent diagnosis and decision-making from macro to micro, and formulate field plans. Implement the plan and achieve scientific and reasonable investment through meticulous management to obtain the best economic and environmental benefits.
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Use IoT technology in field planting, facility gardening, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture, agricultural product logistics, agricultural and sideline products food safety quality monitoring and traceability, etc. to achieve real-time monitoring of soil, environment, and water resources in the agricultural production process. Precise management of the growth process of animals and plants, monitoring and traceability management of the entire production process of agricultural and sideline products, and optimized scheduling of large-scale agricultural machinery operation services.

The application of the Internet of Things in the agricultural field is an important direction for the future development of agricultural economy and society. It is an important entry point to promote the integration of social informatization and agricultural modernization. It also provides huge business opportunities for cultivating the development of new agricultural technologies and service industries.

Application examples of smart agriculture

• Intelligent irrigation system : Use sensors and cloud computing technology to monitor and control environmental factors such as farmland soil moisture, temperature, and light to improve water use efficiency and crop yields.
• Intelligent fertilization system : Monitor and analyze soil and crop growth status through sensors, controllers and cloud computing technology, formulate precise fertilization plans, and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and crop quality.
• Unmanned agricultural machinery : Use autonomous driving technology to realize autonomous driving, automatic positioning and operation of agricultural machinery, reduce labor costs, and improve operating efficiency and quality.
• Agricultural Internet of Things : By applying sensors, controllers and cloud computing technology to agricultural production, real-time monitoring and tracing of agricultural production links such as farmland, livestock buildings, and reservoirs are achieved to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.
• Agricultural big data and artificial intelligence : By collecting, organizing and analyzing agricultural production and market information, we can formulate precise decisions and strategies to improve agricultural production efficiency and market competitiveness.

The significance of smart agriculture

Because Internet of Things technology can accelerate the transformation of agricultural development methods, promote agricultural science and technology progress and innovation, improve the agricultural industry system, increase land output and resource utilization, help improve the ecological environment, and enhance my country's agricultural risk resistance and sustainable development capabilities, Lead the upgrading of modern agricultural industrial structure and the transformation of production methods.

Internet of Things technology can cover various fields of agricultural production, such as crop production, animal husbandry production, and aquatic products, covering the entire process from crop growth, as well as the growth of pigs, cattle, sheep and other livestock to the processing and sales of agricultural and sideline products. The role of the Internet of Things in smart agriculture Applications make a difference.

The application of the Internet of Things in the agricultural field is related to my country's food security and food safety, and to people's daily life. Therefore, it must be an area that our government attaches great importance to and prioritizes development.

smart transportation

Intelligent transportation refers to the use of advanced information technology and communication technology to intelligently transform the transportation system to improve the safety, convenience, efficiency and environmental protection of the transportation system. These include intelligent traffic management, intelligent traffic control, intelligent traffic information services, etc.

Basic concepts of intelligent transportation

Urban transportation involves "people" and "things". "People" include: pedestrians, drivers, passengers and traffic police. “Objects” include: roads, motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and road transportation infrastructure. "People", "cars" and "roads" constitute the "environment" of transportation.
Faced with the complex and intertwined situation of the four factors of "people, vehicles, roads, and infrastructure", traditional intelligent transportation can generally only grasp one of the main problems and adopt the idea of ​​​​"special governance" to solve it.
The research idea of ​​​​Internet of Things intelligent transportation is: facing the large system of urban transportation, using the perception, transmission and intelligent technology of the Internet of Things to realize the information interconnection and interoperability between people, people and vehicles, and vehicles and roads, and realize the "people, vehicles, The deep integration of roads, infrastructure, computers and networks.

Smart transportation application examples

Internet of Vehicles

Vehicles in the Internet of Vehicles are independent nodes in the wireless ad hoc network. They can perceive the vehicle's own information in real time, and can realize vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-people, and vehicle-to-city infrastructure through the wireless ad hoc network and urban intelligent transportation network. Information interconnection between facilities.
Vehicles in the Internet of Vehicles can intelligently judge road conditions based on the information obtained, improving the safety of vehicle operation; at the same time, vehicles in the Internet of Vehicles can also have the characteristics of intelligent robots to achieve autonomous driving.
The ultimate goal of Internet of Vehicles research is to establish a transportation system that does not rely on vision, weather conditions, and manual operations to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion and provide a safer, more convenient, comfortable, and environmentally friendly social environment for car drivers, passengers, and pedestrians.
The future Internet of Vehicles refers to connecting cars to the Internet and the Internet of Things, collecting, analyzing, and transmitting vehicle and road related information through the vehicle's own sensors and communication equipment, so as to realize the interaction between vehicles and drivers and the external world. In the future, the Internet of Vehicles will bring us a smarter, safer and more comfortable travel experience, such as autonomous vehicle driving, remote monitoring, intelligent navigation, traffic prediction and optimization and other functions.

unmanned

Autonomous driving technology refers to obtaining surrounding environment information through laser radar, cameras, ultrasonic sensors and other devices without the need for human driver intervention, and using high-precision maps, artificial intelligence and other technologies to conduct autonomous driving and path planning for vehicles. , traffic prediction and other operations technology.

Autonomous driving technology can improve the efficiency of transportation and reduce traffic accidents. It can also provide more convenient travel services for the elderly and disabled people. In the future, driverless technology is expected to be widely used and have a profound impact on human travel patterns and urban transportation systems. Self-driving technology is generally divided into four types:

• Fully autonomous driving: The vehicle is fully controlled by the autonomous driving system without human driver intervention.
• Conditional autonomous driving: The vehicle can drive autonomously under specific road, weather, traffic conditions and other conditions, but still requires human driver intervention when necessary.
• Partially autonomous driving: Some functions of the vehicle are controlled by the autonomous driving system, such as automatic braking, automatic parking, etc., but basic control by a human driver is still required.
• Assisted autonomous driving: Certain auxiliary functions of the vehicle are controlled by the autonomous driving system, such as blind spot detection, automatic cruise, etc., but a human driver is still required to perform all controls.

With the support of the government, domestic autonomous driving research has gradually achieved certain results and progress. At present, China has formed a certain industrial chain in autonomous driving technology, intelligent transportation systems, etc., and more and more companies have independent intellectual property rights. At the same time, some cities have also begun to promote the application of autonomous driving, such as autonomous buses in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone and autonomous taxis in Shenzhen. In addition, the Chinese government has also introduced a series of policies and plans to provide support and guarantee for the development of driverless technology.

smart grid

Basic concepts of smart grid

Smart grid is based on modern information technology and communication technology, using digital, automation, communication, intelligence and other technical means to highly optimize and upgrade the power grid, thereby achieving efficient, reliable, safe and economical transmission and utilization of power.

Smart grid transforms the traditional power system into an intelligent energy system, which can dynamically adjust various aspects such as power generation, transmission, and power consumption based on real-time information such as power system load demand, energy resource status, and environmental factors to achieve optimized energy allocation and Efficient energy use.

Smart grid application examples

Intelligent power transmission and transformation line detection and monitoring

The traditional transmission line monitoring method requires manual inspection, which has problems such as low efficiency and high labor costs. The monitoring of power transmission and transformation lines in smart grids achieves real-time monitoring and remote control of the power system by installing sensors, monitoring equipment and other technical means. Among them, infrared temperature measurement technology, microwave radar technology, vibration sensor technology, etc. are widely used in the monitoring and diagnosis of power transmission and transformation lines. Through these technical means, real-time monitoring of temperature, vibration, current and other parameters of power transmission and transformation lines can be realized, faults can be discovered in time, and the reliability and safety of the power system can be improved. In addition, smart grids can also perform predictive maintenance on power transmission and transformation lines through data analysis and intelligent algorithms, further improving the reliability and economy of the power system.

Smart substation status monitoring

Substation status monitoring is a process that collects, analyzes and processes substation operation data to realize status monitoring, fault diagnosis and maintenance management of various equipment in the substation. The monitored data includes electrical parameters, mechanical parameters, temperature, humidity and other parameters. By collecting, storing and analyzing these data, real-time monitoring and abnormal warning of the operation of substation equipment can be achieved, which is beneficial to improving the reliability and safety of the substation. Safety and economy, reducing power outage failures and maintenance costs. At the same time, monitoring data can also provide important reference for power grid planning, operation and optimization.

Intelligent power distribution management

Power distribution management is the process of real-time monitoring and management of the operating status of power distribution equipment, aiming to improve the utilization rate of power distribution equipment, extend its life, and improve power supply reliability and safety. Intelligent power distribution management uses modern sensors and monitoring systems to monitor and collect data in real time on the status of equipment and the environment in the substation, and uses big data and artificial intelligence technology to analyze and process the data to achieve accurate monitoring of the operating status of the substation. Accurate control and fault prediction, thereby improving the operating efficiency and reliability of the substation.

The meaning of smart grid

The construction of smart grid involves the infrastructure construction of the power grid for power transmission and the communication network for information transmission. It also requires the use of hundreds of millions of various types of sensors for real-time sensing, collection, transmission, storage, processing and control. From electric energy production to the environment, equipment operating status, and security of end-user electric equipment, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data technology can provide important technical support for the construction, operation, and management of smart grids.
The greater the role of smart grids in social development, the higher the importance, the higher the level of attention, and the more severe the network security situation faced by smart grids. While developing smart grid technology, we must attach great importance to the research of smart grid information security technology.

Smart and environmentally friendly

Basic concepts of smart environmental protection

Intelligent environmental protection refers to the application of artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, big data and other technical means to collect, transmit, process, analyze and apply data in the field of environmental protection to improve the efficiency and accuracy of environmental monitoring, pollution prevention and resource utilization, etc.

Intelligent environmental protection technology can realize monitoring, early warning and management of the atmosphere, water, soil and other environments, effectively improving the level of environmental protection.
The main difference between intelligent environmental protection and traditional environmental protection lies in the introduction of advanced intelligent technology and data analysis methods. Intelligent environmental protection uses sensors, Internet of Things technology and other means to monitor the environment and collect data in real time, transmits the data to the cloud, and conducts data mining and analysis through big data analysis, artificial intelligence and other technologies, thereby improving the accuracy of environmental monitoring and governance. efficiency and reliability.
Compared with traditional environmental protection, smart environmental protection has the following advantages:

• Higher data accuracy : Traditional environmental protection monitoring methods may have problems such as measurement errors or sample contamination, while smart environmental protection obtains real-time data through sensors, data collection and other technologies, avoiding the problems of traditional monitoring methods.
• Higher governance efficiency : Intelligent environmental protection can formulate more refined governance plans based on data analysis results to optimize environmental governance effects.
• Lower environmental protection costs : Intelligent environmental protection can effectively avoid the cost of manual inspection and data processing, and reduce environmental protection investment costs.
• Information disclosure is more transparent: Smart environmental protection improves the transparency and openness of environmental monitoring information by disclosing data monitoring results, and enhances public trust in environmental governance.

Smart and environmentally friendly application examples

Daya Island Petrel Ecological Monitoring System

Great Duck Island is an animal and plant sanctuary located 15 kilometers north of Mount Desert in Maine, USA. By deploying a petrel ecological monitoring system on Daya Island, researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, can monitor the living environment of petrels in real time and study seabird activities and the island's microenvironment. The system uses wireless sensor network technology to form a low-cost, easy-to-deploy, unattended, and continuous monitoring system.

As early as 2002, the system had launched the first phase of the prototype system, containing 30 wireless sensor nodes, and the second phase of the system in 2003 increased to 150 wireless sensor nodes. There are nearly 10 sensor types including light, humidity, barometer, infrared, camera, etc. The status and location data of the sensor are transmitted every 15 minutes through the satellite communication channel.
The Daya Island Petrel Ecological Environment Monitoring System has become a typical case of using Internet of Things technology on a local scale to carry out global cooperative research on the protection of endangered animals.

Taihu Environmental Monitoring System

The Taihu Environmental Monitoring System is a demonstration project for the application of the Internet of Things in environmental monitoring carried out by Chinese scientists. In November 2009, the Wuxi (Binhu) National Sensing Information Center and the Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly built the "Taihu Basin Water Environment Monitoring Sensor Network Information Technology Application Demonstration Project
Sensors and buoys will be deployed in the Taihu Lake area to establish a scheduled, online, automatic, and fast wireless sensor network for water environment monitoring, forming lake water quality monitoring and cyanobacteria outbreak early warning, and water quality monitoring of rivers entering the lake. , and sensor network system for pollution source monitoring

Forest Ecological Internet of Things Research Project——Green Field Thousands of Stories

In August 2009, the project team deployed a practical system with more than 200 wireless sensor nodes in the Tianmu Mountains of Zhejiang Province. It used wireless sensor networks to collect large amounts of data and used data mining methods to help forestry researchers carry out precise analysis of the impact of environmental changes on plant growth. impact research.
Through wireless sensor networks, all-weather monitoring of various ecological environment data such as forest temperature, humidity, light, and carbon dioxide concentration can be realized to provide services for forest ecological environment monitoring and research, fire risk assessment, and field rescue applications.

Monitoring climate and geological structure in high-altitude mountainous areas——Perma Sense project

The Perma Sense project is a project initiated by a research team from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) to monitor the climate and geological structure of high-altitude mountainous areas. This project uses Internet of Things technology to monitor climate, surface temperature, terrain and other indicators in real time through multiple sensor nodes arranged in the Alps. The project uses low-power wireless communication technology and distributed data processing algorithms, which can operate for a long time in high and cold environments and provide scientific researchers with a large amount of valuable data.

Global climate change monitoring—Planetary Skin project

Planetary Skin is a collaborative research project jointly conducted by Cisco and NASA to address global climate change. The purpose is to unite the scientific research and technical forces of countries around the world, integrate all environmental information monitoring systems that can be connected, and use space-based Satellite remote sensing systems, unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring equipment, land wireless sensor network monitoring platforms, RFID logistics monitoring networks, maritime monitoring platforms, and personal handheld smart terminal devices to establish a global climate monitoring Internet of Things system

The meaning of smart environmental protection

Intelligent environmental protection is one of the fields where Internet of Things technology is most widely used and has the most far-reaching impact. With the popularization of environmental awareness and the increasing prominence of environmental problems, how to give full play to the technical advantages of the Internet of Things and use sensors and sensor network technology to carry out large-scale, multi-parameter, real-time and continuous environmental parameter collection and transmission, design and Deployment of large-scale, long-term and stable operation of environmental monitoring systems has become a hot issue that needs to be solved urgently.
In addition, how to use cloud computing platforms to gather and store massive amounts of environmental monitoring data, and use reasonable models and big data analysis methods to conduct timely and correct analysis of environmental data and obtain accurate and beneficial "knowledge" will be the key to smart environmental protection. Play a central role in research.

Smart medical

Smart healthcare refers to a new medical service model that applies intelligence, information, networking, digital and other technologies to the medical field to improve the efficiency and quality of medical services, improve patient experience, and promote the optimal allocation of medical resources.

Basic concepts of smart healthcare

Intelligent medical care is the product of the "fusion" of Internet of Things technology and hospital management, medical care and health care. It covers medical information sensing, medical monitoring services, hospital management, drug management, medical supplies management, and telemedicine and other fields. It implements medical information sensing, Functions of medical information interconnection and intelligent medical control.

Smart medical application examples

"Smart surgical cabinet" and "smart gauze"

"Smart surgical cabinet" refers to a medical device that can automatically identify and manage surgical instruments. The device has built-in RFID chips and sensors that can identify the type, specification and quantity of each device, and can automatically complete counting, inventory and management. This kind of equipment can not only reduce the operating time during surgery, but also improve the accuracy and safety of surgery and avoid the misuse and reuse of surgical instruments.

"Smart gauze" refers to a medical material that can automatically monitor the status of wounds. The material has built-in sensors and wireless communication modules that can monitor parameters such as temperature, humidity, and pH of the wound in real time, and transmit the monitoring results to the doctor's mobile device. This kind of equipment can realize real-time monitoring and remote management of wound status, reduce the workload of medical staff, and improve the efficiency and quality of treatment. At the same time, because wound problems can be detected and treated in time, wound infections and other complications can also be avoided.

Application of RFID technology in medical management

Medical supplies management: RFID technology can help hospitals better manage medical supplies, such as medicines, surgical instruments, and ambulances. By installing RFID tags on supplies, hospitals can accurately track the use and inventory of supplies, and replenish and update them in a timely manner to ensure adequate supply and quality safety of supplies.

Patient management: RFID technology can help hospitals better manage patient information and processes. By installing RFID tags on patient bracelets or ID cards, hospitals can accurately track patients' medical history, treatment plans and medication usage to better manage patients' health conditions and improve the quality of medical services.

Real-time positioning system: RFID technology can help hospitals establish real-time positioning systems. By installing RFID readers and tags in hospitals, hospitals can understand the location and movement of medical staff and patients at any time to better coordinate medical processes and improve medical care. Service efficiency.

surgical robot

A surgical robot is a medical device that uses robotic technology to perform surgical operations. The doctor operates the robot arm to complete the surgical operation. It can provide high-precision, high-stability, and precise surgical operations, reduce surgical errors and injuries, and improve surgical success rates and patient recovery speeds. The well-known surgical robots currently on the market include Da Vinci surgical robots and Proon surgical robots. Surgical robots can also be combined with other technologies such as virtual reality and 3D printing to achieve more precise and efficient surgical operations.

The advantages of surgical robots include high accuracy, low operating risks, wider field of view, small surgical trauma, short operation time, and fast postoperative recovery, which can effectively improve the success rate of surgery and the quality of life of patients. But at the same time, issues such as the high cost and technical difficulty of surgical robots, the need for professional medical staff to operate and maintain them, and the existence of technical safety hazards also need to be considered.

Intelligent telemedicine system based on wireless body area network

The intelligent telemedicine system based on wireless body area network is an intelligent medical system built using wireless sensor network and Internet technology. It can collect patients' physiological parameters and health status data in real time through wireless sensor nodes, and transmit these data to doctors and nurses' mobile terminals or computers to achieve remote monitoring and diagnosis. The advantage of this smart medical system is that it can improve medical efficiency, reduce medical costs, and alleviate medical resource constraints and other issues. However, it also faces challenges such as data privacy protection and network security. At the same time, due to the high real-time and accuracy requirements of the system, there are also high requirements for the design and deployment of sensor nodes and other technologies.

Advantages and Challenges of Smart Healthcare

The significance of smart medical care to the modern medical industry is that it can greatly improve medical efficiency and quality and provide patients with better medical services. At the same time, smart medical care can also help medical institutions reduce costs and improve resource utilization efficiency. However, smart healthcare also faces many challenges, such as data privacy and security protection, lack of technical standards and specifications, and the acceptance of new technologies by medical industry personnel. Solving these challenges requires the government, medical institutions, technology companies and all sectors of society to work together to formulate relevant regulations and standards, promote new technologies, and cultivate talents.

Intelligent security

Intelligent security refers to the use of advanced technologies such as Internet of Things technology, cloud computing, and big data to interconnect various security equipment such as sensors, network cameras, and alarm equipment to form an intelligent and automated security system to realize the monitoring of people, objects, and Real-time monitoring, early warning, prevention and management of vehicles, etc.

Basic concepts of smart security

The application of IoT technology in smart security ranges from the security systems of homes and communities around us to the security systems of a country or region. Compared with traditional security, the main advantage of smart security is that it improves the accuracy, efficiency and convenience of security through intelligent technical means, such as face recognition, intelligent monitoring, etc. At the same time, the intelligent security system can realize remote monitoring and control, improving the flexibility and real-time nature of security management.

Smart security application examples

Intelligent security system for residential areas

Intelligent security systems in residential areas usually include functions such as video surveillance, intrusion alarms, and access control management. Among them, video surveillance is one of the most basic and commonly used security measures. By installing cameras to monitor and record various areas in the community, real-time monitoring and playback of the security situation in the community can be achieved. The intrusion alarm system monitors the security in the community through door sensors, window sensors, infrared detectors and other devices. Once an abnormality occurs, the alarm system is immediately triggered and the relevant responsible persons are notified to deal with it. The access control management system uses access control cards, fingerprints, faces and other technologies to identify and manage people entering and exiting the community, effectively ensuring the security of the entrance and exit of the community. The integration and interconnection of these systems can also improve the overall safety and reliability of the system.

Urban public emergency response system

The urban public emergency response system refers to the establishment of emergency command institutions and emergency rescue teams, construction of emergency facilities and emergency material reserves by various departments, units and individuals in accordance with the principles of division of responsibilities and coordination and cooperation when urban public security incidents occur. , formulate emergency plans and carry out emergency drills, etc., to respond and handle incidents quickly and effectively to minimize losses and protect citizens’ lives and property to the greatest extent. An institutionalized emergency response system.

The smart city public emergency response system refers to the construction of an urban public safety management platform based on advanced information technology and sensor technology, as well as intelligent algorithms and decision support systems, to achieve early warning, monitoring, response, and disposal of public emergencies. An automated and intelligent emergency response system with full-process automation and assessment.
The process of the smart city public emergency response system generally includes the following stages:

1. Event monitoring and early warning stage: Real-time monitoring and data analysis of urban public spaces, people and materials are realized through intelligent sensing equipment, data collection and processing platforms, and other means, so as to promptly detect and provide early warning for the occurrence of emergencies.

2. Information release and command and dispatch stage: Based on monitoring and early warning information, event information and emergency instructions are released to citizens and emergency command headquarters in a timely manner through an intelligent information release system, and emergency resources are allocated and directed through the intelligent dispatch system.

3. Emergency response and rescue stage: Relying on intelligent rescue equipment and communication technology to achieve on-site command, coordination and execution of emergency response and rescue, improve rescue efficiency and reduce losses.

4. Incident assessment and subsequent handling stage: Based on the incident handling situation and subsequent risk assessment, intelligent data analysis and prediction technology will be adopted to provide reference and support for the response and prevention of the next emergency.

National public safety protection system——SensorNet

SensorNet is a network based on sensor nodes that is used to sense the environment and transmit data to the data center for processing and analysis. In establishing a national-level public safety protection system, SensorNet can be used to sense various security events and emergencies in real time, thereby improving response speed and accuracy.

SensorNet can be used to build a multi-level and multi-dimensional security monitoring system, including video surveillance, personnel positioning, environment perception, etc. Sensor nodes can be installed in various key areas, such as key urban buildings, public transportation facilities, dams, tunnels and other places, to sense environmental information, such as people flow, vehicle flow, meteorology, hydrology, geology and other data.

The significance and challenges of intelligent security

Intelligent security is related to personal safety and social security. Its application scope ranges from the communities and cities around us to the security and protection of an important area and the national emergency response system. Therefore, the development prospects of the intelligent security industry are broad and the market size is huge. .
With the increasing requirements of intelligence for security, large data volume and real-time video image perception information have become the focus. Security data includes structured, semi-structured and unstructured data information. Among them, structured data mainly includes alarm records, system logs, and operation and maintenance data; semi-structured data includes face modeling data, fingerprint records, etc.; unstructured data mainly includes surveillance and alarm video recordings and face picture records. How The analysis, extraction, mining, search and processing of unstructured data will place higher requirements on intelligent security systems.

smart home

Smart home refers to the use of Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other technologies to intelligentize electrical appliances, lighting, security, environmental control, etc. in the home to form an intelligent home ecosystem.

Basic concepts of smart home

The main difference between smart homes and traditional homes lies in the degree of intelligence and expansion of functions. Traditional homes usually only have simple home facilities, such as furniture, appliances, etc., while smart homes can achieve remote control, intelligent management and automated regulation by integrating various sensors, controllers and artificial intelligence technology, providing more convenience, comfort and safety. , energy-saving living experience.

For example, things that require manual operation in traditional homes, such as opening windows, turning on and off lights, adjusting air conditioners, etc., can be remotely controlled through smart voice assistants or mobile applications, and automated scene modes can be preset, such as Wake up mode, leaving home mode, etc. to achieve a more intelligent life experience. At the same time, smart homes can also be linked with security systems, environmental monitoring systems, etc. to achieve intelligent safety and health management. Therefore, smart homes have the following advantages:

• Energy efficient
• Easy to use and safe to operate
• Improve home security
• Improve home comfort

Smart home application examples

Smart Appliances

Smart home appliances refer to home appliances with technologies such as intelligence, automated control and artificial intelligence. They can be controlled and managed through mobile phones, TVs, voice and other methods to achieve a more intelligent and convenient lifestyle. Smart home appliances can be divided into the following categories:

• Smart kitchen: For example, smart ovens, smart stoves, etc. can be controlled through mobile phones or voice, making cooking more convenient and faster.
• Smart bathrooms: such as smart toilets, smart bathroom heaters, etc., can automatically control water temperature, water volume, etc., improving the quality of life.
• Smart home security: such as smart door locks, smart monitoring, etc., can provide home security and allow users to know what is going on at home at any time.
• Smart home appliances and entertainment: such as smart speakers, smart TVs, etc., can control music, video and other entertainment content through voice or mobile phone, bringing users a richer entertainment experience.
• Smart home environmental protection: For example, smart air purifiers, smart dehumidifiers, etc. can automatically detect indoor air quality, humidity and other indicators through sensors, and automatically turn on and off functions to improve the quality of the living environment.

Home energy saving

Achieve home energy saving through intelligent home equipment, such as intelligent temperature control system to automatically control indoor temperature to avoid energy waste; intelligent lighting system can automatically adjust brightness and color temperature according to light intensity and indoor environment.

home lighting

Smart home lighting systems can automatically adjust brightness and color temperature based on light intensity and indoor environment. For example, the intelligent lighting system can realize remote control and scheduled switching of lights, and can also automatically adjust the light brightness and color temperature according to the user's preferences and habits.

home security

Smart home security systems can detect indoor and outdoor security conditions through various sensors and monitoring equipment, such as installing smart cameras, door and window sensors, smoke alarms and other equipment to monitor and protect home security.

The relationship between the Internet of Things and smart homes

These subsystems allow home devices to collaborate with each other to improve the convenience and comfort of life.

• The smart home central control management system is the core of the entire smart home system, which can realize centralized control and management of various subsystems and equipment.
• Home security monitoring systems can help us monitor and alarm home security;
• The smart home appliance control system can remotely control home appliances and achieve intelligent control;
• Home theater and multimedia systems can provide high-quality audio-visual entertainment experience;
• Home office and study systems can improve the efficiency of work and study;
• The home environment monitoring system can realize intelligent monitoring and control of the home environment;
• The automatic remote meter reading system can help us realize automatic meter reading and billing of water, electricity, gas and other resources;
• Home gateways and home network systems can realize the establishment and management of home networks and provide more efficient network services.

Intelligent logistics

Intelligent logistics refers to the use of advanced information technology means to carry out all-round digital, networked, and intelligent transformation and upgrading of traditional logistics processes to achieve informatized, intelligent, efficient, and collaborative logistics management and services. Its purpose is to connect all links of the logistics system with each other through information technology to form a coordinated operation of logistics information flow, logistics logistics and capital flow, improve logistics management efficiency, reduce logistics costs, and improve logistics service quality, thereby realizing the overall improvement of the logistics system. Optimize and upgrade.

Basic concepts of smart logistics

With the development of society, the production, circulation, and sales of items have gradually become more professional, and the transportation, loading, unloading, and storage that connect product producers and consumers have gradually developed into a professional logistics industry.

The Internet of Things directs the rapid flow of logistics through information flow, thereby speeding up the turnover of capital flow and allowing enterprises to obtain greater economic benefits. Intelligent logistics uses RFID and sensor technology to collect, transmit and process information on the entire process of items from procurement, warehousing, manufacturing, allocation, distribution, and transportation.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to coordinate all aspects of supply logistics, production logistics and sales logistics on the intelligent logistics operating platform; supercomputers use data mining and big data algorithms to analyze social needs, sales, inventory, and manufacturing. Analyze the massive data and use the "knowledge" obtained to direct the rapid flow of logistics, thereby speeding up the turnover of capital flow and allowing enterprises to obtain greater economic benefits.

The relationship between the Internet of Things and smart logistics

The Internet of Things and smart logistics are closely related. The application of IoT technology can help improve the visibility, transparency and efficiency of logistics, thereby achieving intelligent logistics management. Specifically, the Internet of Things can realize real-time monitoring and control of logistics links through sensor and other technologies, including real-time acquisition and transmission of location, temperature, humidity, vibration and other information during cargo transportation, thus improving the accuracy of logistics management. and effectiveness.

At the same time, the application of the Internet of Things can also help logistics companies optimize transportation routes, improve distribution efficiency and reduce costs, thereby achieving more intelligent logistics management. For example, an intelligent dispatching system based on Internet of Things technology can intelligently dispatch transportation vehicles according to different transportation needs, thereby optimizing transportation routes, improving distribution efficiency, and reducing logistics costs.

In addition, the application of IoT technology can also help logistics companies realize intelligent inventory management. By monitoring inventory status in real time, logistics companies can achieve precise control of inventory, thereby reducing inventory backlog and waste, and improving inventory turnover rate and capital use efficiency.

In short, the application of Internet of Things technology provides technical support and infrastructure for intelligent logistics, and provides new ideas and methods for intelligent and lean logistics management.

Future stores and the Internet of Things

The future store refers to a new store form that combines technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence with traditional stores to achieve intelligence, automation, and efficiency. The emergence of stores in the future will change people's shopping experience and business models. In the store of the future, IoT technology plays a key role. By installing IoT devices such as sensors and tags on products and equipment, functions such as real-time monitoring of products, inventory management, and automatic replenishment can be realized, improving store operation efficiency and customers' shopping experience. At the same time, IoT technology can also conduct real-time analysis of customers’ shopping data to provide merchants with precise marketing strategies and personalized services.

• Amazon Go Store: This is a store without cashiers and shopping carts. Customers need to scan a QR code with their mobile phone and log in to their Amazon account before entering the store. In the store, customers simply select items and place them in their shopping bag, and their account is automatically deducted when they leave.
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• JD Unmanned Convenience Store: JD Unmanned Convenience Store is an intelligent and automated retail scene that can be entered through the JD APP by scanning the QR code. After purchasing the goods, payment will be automatically deducted after leaving. In addition, this store is also equipped with facial recognition, voiceprint recognition, smart sensing and other technologies to realize smart security, smart shopping guide and other functions.
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• Huawei Smart Store: Huawei Smart Store uses technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence to provide consumers with a more convenient and intelligent shopping experience. The store is equipped with functions such as smart shopping guides and AR fitting, which can realize online shopping, appointment pickup and other functions. It also provides online customer service, smart payment and other services.

Large-scale logistics system network design system design method

With the development of technology, the combination of online shopping platforms and physical stores, and the combination of online and offline may also apply more advanced technologies, but one thing will not change, that is, the operation of online shopping platforms and physical stores must be based on a strong Based on the intelligent logistics system, we must study the network system design method of large-scale intelligent logistics system.

Overall network structure design principles

From a management perspective, large chain retail enterprises can be divided into three levels: head office, branches and warehouses, distribution centers, and grassroots sales stores. The head office
manages the overall capital operation and supervises planning, procurement, distribution, and sales strategies. The formulation and operation; multiple branches are established according to regions; branch offices manage warehouses, distribution centers and sales stores set up in a region.
Facing such a large chain retail enterprise with such an operating model, the intelligent logistics network architecture that supports it also needs to be divided into three layers: core layer, aggregation layer and access layer.

Sales store or supermarket web design

Sales stores or supermarket networks generally use high-speed Ethernet switches as backbone switches; the backbone switches connect the second-layer switches in each department, as well as the servers in stores and supermarkets and computers running management software. The selection of second-layer switches mainly depends on the connections
. The type and quantity of nodes, the amount of data transmitted, and the requirements for real-time transmission; designers must decide whether the connected node is a smart cash register, a smart cabinet, a smart query terminal, a smart fitting mirror, or a shopping guide robot
. The store or supermarket network needs to support shopping guide robots, mobile terminal devices, and smartphones equipped with RFID that can access the sales store or supermarket network. The sales store or supermarket wireless LAN Wi-Fi must be able to cover the sales of the sales store or supermarket. Areas, warehouses and management areas

Branch, warehouse and distribution center network design

The branch will use the network used for branch management, warehouse network, distribution center network and subordinate sales stores and supermarket networks to form a branch sub-network, which belongs to the aggregation layer of the entire network system structure and belongs to the branch management network
. Real-time sales data of sales stores or supermarkets are reported to the management of the head office; at the same time, the warehouse and distribution center network are connected to collect and analyze the data of current inventory goods in real time, and the warehouse and commodity distribution center network are controlled to complete the distribution of goods according to company instructions
. Supply and transportation; manage and control the location of transportation vehicles and the type and quantity of transported goods to shorten the time of commodity distribution, reduce the phenomenon of empty-load operation of transportation vehicles, reduce waste, save energy, and improve efficiency.

Head office backbone network design

The head office backbone network is composed of the head office management network, data center network, backbone routers connected to the branch subnets, and the company's external network connected to the Internet through the firewall. A data center is set up to store information related to corporate operations
. According to the computing and storage needs of the enterprise, the data center can be one or several enterprise-level servers or server clusters, or it can build a private cloud platform or rent the core switching layer network and aggregation layer network of the public cloud company
. The access layer network is a dedicated network for handling corporate affairs. Except for the company's external network, no routers or hosts in the company's internal network are allowed to access the Internet in any way, such as wired or wireless.

Internet of Things Military Applications

Internet of Things and Modern Warfare

Modern warfare usually refers to the form of warfare that emerged with industrialization and technological advancement starting from the end of the 19th century. Compared with traditional forms of warfare, modern warfare has the characteristics of technology, information, high mechanization, and precision. Modern warfare often relies on high-tech weaponry and information technology, involving multiple fields, such as land, sea, air, electronics, etc. In addition, modern wars are often long-term and complex, unlike the short-lived and concentrated wars of the past.

The Internet of Things and modern warfare are closely related, mainly in the following aspects:

• Battlefield intelligence collection: The sensor technology of the Internet of Things can be used to collect battlefield intelligence. It can obtain battlefield data in real time, such as enemy location, troop deployment, weather, terrain, etc., thereby providing commanders with more accurate intelligence. support.
• Management of military materials: The Internet of Things can be used for the management of military materials. For example, the visibility system of materials during transportation can improve the management efficiency and accuracy of military materials, monitor the transportation of materials in real time, and improve the efficiency and response speed of material distribution.
• Military equipment maintenance: The Internet of Things can be used for the maintenance and management of military equipment. Through sensor technology, the status, operation and fault information of the equipment can be monitored in real time for timely maintenance and repair.
• Combat robots: The Internet of Things can be combined with combat robots to achieve remote control and command, allowing combat robots to achieve more precise positioning and attacks on the battlefield.

One of the basic characteristics of the military application of the Internet of Things is perception, which means sensing the battlefield environment, enemy and enemy dynamics, resource conditions and other information through various sensors, monitoring equipment, etc., to achieve comprehensive, timely and accurate grasp of the battlefield situation. Another basic feature
is transparency, which means to achieve transparent management and control of various military resources, actions, deployments, etc. through information technology to improve decision-making efficiency and combat effectiveness. In addition, the military applications of the Internet of Things are also intelligent, adaptive, and networked, which can provide more comprehensive, accurate, and efficient support and guarantee for modern warfare.

Main contents of military applications of the Internet of Things

Global Information GridGIG

The Global Information Grid (GIG) is a global information network architecture launched by the U.S. Department of Defense. It aims to realize joint information operations in wartime and peacetime, and provide the military with global communications, intelligence, surveillance and Reconnaissance and other support. GIG can connect information systems between different defense departments and military forces, enabling them to exchange information and share data with each other, and achieve rapid, accurate and timely response to instructions and completion of tasks through high-speed data transmission. In addition, GIG also includes a set of security mechanisms and data encryption technology to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. The construction of GIG is an important part of the military's information strategy and an important guarantee for future military wars.

The GIG system fully embodies the idea of ​​"network central station" and will become the core content of the transformation and construction of the US military. It will become a platform for combatants and commanders to share global combat information.
GIG has strong information acquisition capabilities and can access global military bases, monitoring facilities of various military branches, WSN, RFID sensing, and space remote sensing information, and can provide real-time and real image information to combat units, allied forces, and even soldiers. and situation analysis information, forming an end-to-end complex system covering the world.
The application of GIG will bring huge advantages to US military operations. It can promptly detect threats from various regions and aspects, and can quickly assess and judge various threats from multiple perspectives, and provide early warning information as soon as possible. , "Discover the enemy first, attack the enemy first!", which provides a strong guarantee for gaining the combat initiative.

Military applications of wireless sensor networks

Research on the "Smart Sensor Network Communication" and "Unattended Ground Sensor Group" projects Research on the "
Sand Straight Line System" project Research on the
collaborative combat capability project
Application of wireless sensor networks in biological and chemical attack monitoring

Application of Internet of Things in Military Logistics

Through RFID and wireless sensor networks, a large amount of real-time data during the storage and transportation of military materials is obtained. A military logistics management platform is built using networks, databases, satellite positioning GPS technology, geographical information system GIS technology and RFID application software technology to link all aspects of military logistics operations. link.
The entire logistics system is armed with high technology, and each transport vehicle is equipped with a radio sensor to help it accurately position itself, thereby enabling real-time distribution technology and lean supply chain strategies. Realize the "seamless link" between the military logistics and distribution force's logistics and transportation network and the RFID-based information network.
In order to meet the actual needs of military logistics, two application systems were developed:

• Specific item finding system : In military logistics, finding specific items is often a thorny problem, because military supplies are of various types and quantities, and tasks often need to be completed quickly under extreme environments and time pressure. The specific item finding system can realize real-time monitoring and recording of the item's location, status and other information by installing sensors, RFID tags and other IoT devices on the item. At the same time, it can summarize and analyze the information through the cloud platform to quickly locate the target item. , thereby achieving efficient and accurate material allocation and transportation.
• Material visibility system in transit : This is a system that uses Internet of Things technology to realize real-time visualization of the entire process of military material transportation. In military logistics, the safe transportation of materials and their timely arrival at their destination are crucial. However, they often face problems such as information opacity, material loss, and traffic jams. The material visibility system in transit can install IoT devices on logistics vehicles, containers and other items to monitor the location, temperature, humidity, vibration and other information of the items in real time, and upload the data to the cloud to achieve control through data analysis and visual display. Real-time monitoring and management of the entire process of materials to ensure safe transportation of materials and timely arrival at the destination.
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Application of Internet of Things in Military Equipment Maintenance

Military equipment maintenance is an important part of the daily management of the army, and it is also a very complex and expensive task. In the past, the maintenance of military equipment usually required a large amount of manpower and material investment, as well as regular inspection, maintenance and replacement of parts. These maintenance activities require a lot of time and resources, and will also affect the reliability and combat capabilities of the equipment. Moreover, in military operations, equipment maintenance is also a very important link, because once the equipment malfunctions or fails, it may have an unpredictable impact on the entire operation.

The application of the Internet of Things in military equipment maintenance mainly includes the following aspects:

• Real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis: Sensors and monitoring equipment can be connected to the cloud through wireless networks to perform real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis of military equipment. When there is a problem with the equipment, maintenance personnel can diagnose it remotely and take timely measures to avoid further losses.
• Preventive maintenance: Based on big data analysis, the Internet of Things can predict equipment failures and problems by monitoring and analyzing equipment operation data, perform maintenance in advance, reduce maintenance costs, and extend the service life of equipment.
• Intelligent maintenance: Using Internet of Things technology and machine learning algorithms, equipment failure models and prediction models can be established to achieve intelligent and automated equipment maintenance. For example, by analyzing the vibration data of an aircraft engine, the life of the engine can be predicted and maintenance personnel can be reminded to replace it.
• Remote maintenance: The Internet of Things can realize remote maintenance, that is, maintenance personnel can remotely connect to the equipment through the network and diagnose and repair the equipment. This can avoid threats to the personal safety of maintenance personnel and also reduce maintenance costs.
• Asset management: The Internet of Things can locate, track and manage equipment to achieve real-time monitoring and management of equipment assets. Through the Internet of Things technology, intelligent management of equipment can be realized, improving asset utilization and reducing management costs.

Internet of Things and Future Soldiers

As IoT technology continues to develop, the way war will be fought in the future will also change. Soldiers in the future will be equipped with more advanced intelligent equipment, realize intelligent operations through the application of Internet of Things technology, and improve combat efficiency and combat effectiveness.

Soldiers in the future will wear a variety of smart equipment, including smart combat uniforms, smart glasses, smart bracelets, etc. These equipment can be intelligently managed and controlled through Internet of Things technology. For example, sensors equipped on combat uniforms can collect soldiers' body data and upload the data to the cloud through the Internet of Things to monitor the soldiers' physical condition in real time and provide timely medical rescue. In addition, smart glasses can provide real-time intelligence and instructions, allowing soldiers to complete tasks faster and more accurately.

The system includes: weapon subsystem, integrated helmet subsystem, computer/radio subsystem, software subsystem and protective clothing and individual equipment subsystem.
The design of the weapon subsystem is based on the M-16/M-4 rifle equipped with a ballistic calculator, electro-optical sight, camera, laser rangefinder, and a digital compass that obtains position information from GPS and can provide distance and direction information.

The integrated helmet subsystem is equipped with a computer and sensor display device. Through the "helmet-mounted display", soldiers can view the digital map of troop positions, shooting targets and combat instructions issued by the computer.

A computer/radio subsystem is attached to his backpack. The computer system includes a computer and GPS module that process information.

military robot

• Combat robot: A combat robot is a robot that can perform tasks in place of humans in combat and is mainly used for military applications. They can perform different tasks, including reconnaissance, mine clearance, explosive disposal, tactical assault, etc. Combat robots can reduce the risk of casualties to combatants and improve combat efficiency.

• Bomb disposal robot: A bomb disposal robot is a robot that can autonomously remove explosives and unstable explosives. They are often used to perform high-risk tasks such as scoping near explosives to detect and deal with potential bomb threats.

• Transport robot: A transport robot is a robot that can autonomously complete the task of transporting items. In the military field, transport robots can be used to transport ammunition, food, medical supplies and other supplies, as well as transport the wounded. Compared with traditional human transportation methods, transportation robots have higher efficiency, lower risks, and longer operating times, and can provide better logistics support on the battlefield.

• Aerial military robots: Aerial military robots can carry out various tasks by carrying various sensors and equipment, such as reconnaissance, surveillance, communications, intelligence collection, target identification and targeting, etc. In military operations, aerial robots can perform aerial reconnaissance missions, obtain more detailed ground target intelligence, and provide the basis for combat command decisions. In addition, aerial robots can also be used for target search, identification and attack, greatly improving the air force's combat capabilities and reducing pilot risks. At the same time, aerial robots can also perform other military tasks, such as search and rescue, logistical support, communication relay, scientific research, etc.

• Underwater military robots: Underwater military robots have a wide range of applications. For example, in submarine rescue, underwater robots can undertake the tasks of search and tow operations; in seabed exploration and pipeline maintenance, underwater robots can perform tasks such as taking pictures, collecting data, and repairing pipelines; in underwater operations, underwater robots Robots can be used to dismantle mines, place explosives, clear ports, etc. In short, military underwater robots provide strong support and guarantee for military operations.
  

Summarize

The development of smart technology has affected all areas of people's lives, among which smart industry, smart agriculture, smart transportation, smart grid, smart environmental protection, smart medical care, smart home, smart security, smart logistics and the Internet of Things military are the most representative ones. field. In this blog, we have introduced the current development status and future trends in these fields. Now let us make a summary and outlook.

In terms of smart industry, future development will tend towards more efficient, automated and intelligent production methods. The development of new technologies will make the production process more intelligent and digital, while the application of Industry 4.0 and IoT technologies will further improve production efficiency and product quality, while also reducing costs and increasing profits.

The field of smart agriculture will also pay more attention to production efficiency and quality, and realize intelligent, digital and sustainable agricultural production through Internet of Things technology. In the future, it is expected that more smart agricultural technologies will emerge, including automated planting, smart irrigation, drone inspections, agricultural product traceability, etc.

Intelligent transportation will focus on intelligent, digital and sustainable urban transportation, and achieve efficient operation and resource optimization of urban transportation through the application of digital technology and Internet of Things technology. In the future, intelligent transportation will focus on driverless technology, intelligent transportation management and digital urban transportation planning.

Smart grid will become the mainstream energy in the future, and it can achieve efficient management and utilization of electricity through smart grid technology. The future smart grid will tend to be more intelligent, digital and sustainable, including the large-scale utilization of renewable energy, the integration of energy and the intelligence of power equipment.

Intelligent environmental protection will mainly focus on digitization and intelligence in the field of environmental protection, and achieve efficient, accurate and sustainable environmental monitoring and management through intelligent environmental protection technology. In the future, smart environmental protection will include sustainable development, environmental protection supervision and digital environmental management.

Intelligent medical care will become the main trend in the future medical field, and efficient management and utilization of medical resources can be achieved through intelligent medical technology. In the future, smart medical care will include technologies such as smart diagnosis, smart medical equipment, and digital medical management, which will provide more efficient, convenient, and accurate services for people's health. With the continuous innovation and development of technology, smart medical care will become the new normal in the medical industry and protect people's health.

Smart homes will be upgraded in many aspects, such as realizing more intelligent control and interaction methods through artificial intelligence technology, and realizing a more intelligent and humanized home life.

Intelligent security technology has been widely used in the security protection of homes and businesses. In the future, with the continuous development of technology, smart security will achieve more intelligent monitoring, identification and early warning functions, and will achieve closer linkage with other smart devices.

Intelligent logistics will achieve more intelligent operations in cargo tracking, intelligent warehousing, intelligent distribution, etc., and improve logistics efficiency and service quality.

The IoT military will accelerate the digitization and intelligence of military equipment and enhance the military's combat effectiveness and support capabilities.

In short, smart technology in the future will continue to develop, bringing more and more powerful solutions, and bringing people more convenience, more efficiency, more comfort, and safer life experience.