1. Installation of virtual machine
1.1. Introduction to virtual machines
A virtual machine (VM for short) is a software entity that simulates running on a physical computer. It uses virtualization technology to divide a physical computer into multiple virtual logical computing environments, each of which can independently run operating systems and applications.
A virtual machine allows a physical computer to run multiple operating systems at the same time. Each operating system runs in its own virtual machine without interfering with each other. They share the hardware resources of the physical computer, such as processors, memory, storage, etc., but from the inside of the virtual machine, they have independent virtual hardware resources. (To put it simply, it means installing another computer inside the computer)
1.2. What are the advantages of virtual machines?
High resource utilization: Virtual machines can effectively utilize the resources of physical computers. By sharing hardware resources such as processors, memory, and storage, overall resource utilization can be improved and hardware costs can be saved.
Flexibility and scalability: Virtual machines can flexibly allocate and adjust resources as needed. Different memory, processor and storage space can be configured for different virtual machines according to actual needs, and can be expanded and reduced at any time according to business needs.
Convenient management and maintenance: Virtual machines can run independently on the same physical computer and have independent operating systems and applications. This allows for easy management and maintenance such as software upgrades, backup and recovery.
System isolation and security: Each virtual machine is isolated from each other, and problems with one virtual machine will not affect the normal operation of other virtual machines. This provides greater system isolation and security, helping to prevent failures or attacks from spreading to other virtual machines.
Hardware independence: Virtual machines are transparent to the operating system and applications, and they do not need to know the underlying physical hardware details. This means that virtual machines can be moved across different physical computers without being restricted by specific hardware platforms.
Rapid deployment and recovery: By using virtual machine templates or images, new virtual machine instances can be quickly deployed to support new business needs. At the same time, in the event of a failure or disaster, virtual machines can be easily backed up and restored to speed up business recovery.
1.3. What are virtual machines?
In Windows systems: Vmware (paid), VirtualBox ( Oracle VM VirtualBox ) free.
Virtual machine used in macOS: Parallels Desktop (PD for short) is charged.
1.4. Installation of vm (the installation is relatively simple, there are corresponding installation steps and activation codes in the cloud disk below)
Link: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1MbA2XEOS-oZIlH6Pv_DKNw?pwd=asdf
Extraction code: asdf
1.5. Install Linux system
1.5.1. The first step is to enter the installation wizard (the typical steps are relatively simple and suitable for novices. You can customize more hardware configurations, so there is not much difference)
1.5.2. In the second step, you need to load the downloaded centos image and select the corresponding image.
1.5.3. The third step is to rename the computer. The name of the virtual machine here is displayed in the sidebar on the left side of the vm. The storage location needs to be modified. It is not recommended to put it on the c drive. You can directly modify the drive letter F.
1.5.4. Configure the CPU for the virtual machine (2/4 is enough for learning). If it is not enough, you can shut down and adjust again.
1.5.5. Configure the running memory for the virtual machine to be an integer multiple of 4MB (it can also be customized later)
1.5.6. Use net mode for network connection mode.
1.5.7. Create a new virtual disk
1.5.8. Configure the disk capacity. You can adjust it to 20gb later.
1.5.9. All the hardware created above can be adjusted in this step, and then select Finish
ps: If the cursor is lost, use ctrl + alt to reappear.
Small bug: If the following problem occurs, don’t panic. Virtualization may not be enabled on the computer.
If this screenshot appears, it means that virtualization is not turned on on your computer and you need to restart your computer and enter the BIOS interface.
Each computer has different entry methods due to different manufacturers. For Lenovo, it is Fn+F12 or direct F12.
1.5.10. Restart to complete the first step and select the language (Chinese is the second to last)
1.5.11. Installation target location (novices can choose automatic partitioning)
1.5.12. Select network and host name
When configuring the network and host name, remember to turn on the network switch on the right. You can modify the host name below and remember to click Apply.
1.5.13. Set the password of the root user. It is recommended to make the setting simple and click twice to complete the installation.
Just complete the reboot and your Linux journey is about to begin.