Table of contents
- Concept and Classification of Operating System
- Origin and Development of Linux
- Linux kernel and distribution
1. Operating system concept
- The operating system (OS for short) is a program that manages computer hardware and software resources. It needs to deal with things such as: managing and configuring memory, determining the priority of supply and demand of system resources, controlling input devices and output devices, operating networks and managing file systems, etc. basic affairs;
- A machine without an operating system is called bare metal, which is very inconvenient for both development and use.
- The operating system also provides an interface for the user to interact with the system.
Operating system classification
The operating system has been developed so far, and there are many types, which can be divided according to different fields of application:
- desktop operating system
- server operating system
- embedded operating system
- mobile device operating system
Desktop operating system : the so-called desktop refers to the graphical operation page.
- Mac os ( Apple ) , Windows ( Microsoft ) and Linux are three pillars
Embedded operating system : It is a special computer system that is completely embedded in the controlled device and designed for specific applications.
- Such as uClinux (embedded Linux), WinCE (Microsoft embedded, mobile computing platform), RTOS (embedded real-time operating system, military aviation field
) and so on. - It is widely used in industry, military, aviation and other fields.
Server operating system : generally refers to an operating system installed on a large computer. For example, Web servers, application servers, and database servers are the infrastructure platforms of enterprise IT systems.
- Mainly divided into four genres: Unix, Linux, Windows Server and Netware.
Mobile device operating system : mainly used in smart devices such as smartphones and tablets.
- Mainly Android (Google), i0S (Apple), Symbian (Nokia), BlackBerry OS (Blackberry), windows mobile (Microsoft), Harmony (Huawei Hongmeng), etc.
2. The origin and development of Linux
- The Unix system is one of the earliest and widely used computer operating systems. It was implemented by Ken Thompson at AT&T Bell Labs. In the subsequent development, due to open source, copyright and other issues, it fell into constant disputes, and different Unix versions were extended;
- In 1991, Finnish student Linus Torvalds released the first version of the Linux system, following the GPL agreement (General Public License), open source and free ; Linux is a Unix-like operating system
- The original intention of Linux is to replace Unix and optimize its functions and user experience, so Linux imitates Unix (but does not copy the source code of Unix), making Linux very similar to Unix in appearance and interaction.
3. Linux kernel and release version
1: Linux kernel ( Kernel )
- The core part of the operating system is referred to as the kernel . The first version of the independent kernel of Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds, with about 10,000 lines of code;
Linus Torvalds later released the Linux kernel code and invited others to improve Linux; now only 2% of the Linux core code is Written by Linus Torvalds himself, but who still owns the Linux kernel and retains the final say on the choice of new code and new methods that need to be merged ; - Linux operating system = linux Kernel + GNU software and system software + necessary applications
- Linux chooses the penguin pattern as the Logo, which means that the open source Linux is owned by all human beings like penguins.
2: Linux distribution version
- The Linux distribution is a collection of products consisting of the Linux kernel and various commonly used software. Today, there are hundreds of Linux distributions in the world.
- From a large perspective, Linux distributions can be roughly divided into personal desktop editions and enterprise server editions .
- Among the personal desktop versions, Ubuntu is quite mature and popular, while **Redhat (Red Hat series) and its extended version (Centos)** account for a large proportion of enterprise servers due to their stable performance.
