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apt-sortpkgs
Tool for sorting package index files under Debian Linux
Additional information
apt-sortpkgsThe command is a simple tool for sorting package index files under Debian Linux.
grammar
apt-sortpkgs [选项] [参数]
options
-s: Sort using source index field;-h: Display help information.
parameter
文件: Specify the index file containing debian package information to be sorted.
sort
Sort all lines in a text file.
overview
sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...
sort [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
The main purpose
Sort the contents of all input files and output them. When there is no file or the file is -, read standard input.
options
Sort options:
-b,--ignore-leading-blanks: Ignore leading whitespace.-d,--dictionary-order: Only spaces, letters, and numbers are considered.-f,--ignore-case: Consider lowercase letters as uppercase letters.-g,--general-numeric-sort: Sort by numbers.-i,--ignore-nonprinting: Exclude unprintable characters.-M,--month-sort: Sort in the order of non-month, January, and December.-h,--human-numeric-sort: Sort according to storage capacity (note the use of capital letters, for example: 2K 1G).-n,--numeric-sort: Sort by numbers.-R,--random-sort: Sort randomly but group identical rows.--random-source=FILE: Get random length bytes from FILE.-r,--reverse: Arrange the results in reverse order.--sort=WORD: Sorted according to WORD, where: general-numeric is equivalent to -g, human-numeric is equivalent to -h, month is equivalent to -M, numeric is equivalent to -n, random is equivalent to -R, version is equivalent to -V.-V,--version-sort: the natural ordering of (version) numbers in text.
other options:
--batch-size=NMERGE: Merge up to NMERGE inputs at a time; use temporary files for the excess.-c,--check,--check=diagnose-first: Checks whether the input is sorted, this operation does not perform sorting.-C,--check=quiet,--check=silent: Similar to the -c option, but does not output the first unsorted line.--compress-program=PROG: Use PROG to compress temporary files; use PROG -d to decompress.--debug: Comment lines used for sorting, sending alerts of suspicious usage to stderr.--files0-from=F: Read all NUL-terminated file names from file F; if F is -, then read the names from standard input.-k,--key=KEYDEF: Sort by a key; KEYDEF gives the position and type.-m,--merge: Merge sorted files and no longer sort them.-o,--output=FILE:Write results to FILE instead of standard output.-s,--stable: Stable sorting by disabling the last comparison.-S,--buffer-size=SIZE: Use SIZE as the memory cache size.-t,--field-separator=SEP: Use SEP as the column separator.-T,--temporary-directory=DIR: Use DIR as the temporary directory instead of $TMPDIR or /tmp; use this option multiple times to specify multiple temporary directories.--parallel=N: Change the number of concurrently running sorts to N.-u,--unique: Use -c at the same time to strictly check the sorting; do not use -c at the same time to output the deduplication result after sorting.-z,--zero-terminated: Set the line terminator to NUL (empty) instead of newline.--help: Display help information and exit.--version: Display version information and exit.
The format of KEYDEF is
F[.C][OPTS][,F[.C][OPTS]]
Indicates the starting to ending position. F represents the number of the column, and C represents that OPTS is one or more characters in [bdfgiMhnRrV], which is used to override the current sorting option. Use the –debug option to diagnose incorrect usage.
Multiplicative suffix for SIZE
%：内存的1%；
b：1；
K：1024（默认）；
剩余的M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y可以类推出来。
parameter
FILE(optional): The number of files to process, which can be any number.
return value
Returning 0 indicates success, returning a non-zero value indicates failure.
example
sort compares each line of the file/text as a unit. The comparison principle is to compare the ASCII code values from the first character backward, and finally output them in ascending order.
root@[mail text]# cat sort.txt
aaa:10:1.1
ccc:30:3.3
ddd:40:4.4
bbb:20:2.2
eee:50:5.5
eee:50:5.5
[root@mail text]# sort sort.txt
aaa:10:1.1
bbb:20:2.2
ccc:30:3.3
ddd:40:4.4
eee:50:5.5
eee:50:5.5
To ignore identical lines use the -u option or uniq:
[root@mail text]# cat sort.txt
aaa:10:1.1
ccc:30:3.3
ddd:40:4.4
bbb:20:2.2
eee:50:5.5
eee:50:5.5
[root@mail text]# sort -u sort.txt
aaa:10:1.1
bbb:20:2.2
ccc:30:3.3
ddd:40:4.4
eee:50:5.5
[root@mail text]# uniq sort.txt
aaa:10:1.1
ccc:30:3.3
ddd:40:4.4
bbb:20:2.2
eee:50:5.5
Use of -n, -r, -k, -t options of sort:
[root@mail text]# cat sort.txt
AAA:BB:CC
aaa:30:1.6
ccc:50:3.3
ddd:20:4.2
bbb:10:2.5
eee:40:5.4
eee:60:5.1
# 将BB列按照数字从小到大顺序排列：
[root@mail text]# sort -nk 2 -t: sort.txt
AAA:BB:CC
bbb:10:2.5
ddd:20:4.2
aaa:30:1.6
eee:40:5.4
ccc:50:3.3
eee:60:5.1
# 将CC列数字从大到小顺序排列：
# -n是按照数字大小排序，-r是以相反顺序，-k是指定需要排序的栏位，-t指定栏位分隔符为冒号
[root@mail text]# sort -nrk 3 -t: sort.txt
eee:40:5.4
eee:60:5.1
ddd:20:4.2
ccc:50:3.3
bbb:10:2.5
aaa:30:1.6
AAA:BB:CC
Interpretation and examples of the -k option:
In-depth interpretation of the -k option:
FStart.CStart Modifier,FEnd.CEnd Modifier
-------Start--------,-------End--------
FStart.CStart 选项 , FEnd.CEnd 选项
This syntax format can be divided into two parts by the commas, the Start part and the End part. The Start part consists of three parts. The Modifier part is the option part we mentioned before; we focus on FStart and C.Start in the Start part; C.Start can be omitted. If omitted, it means starting from the beginning of this domain. part begins. FStart.CStart, where FStart represents the field used, and CStart represents the first character of sorting starting from the character in the FStart field. Similarly, in the End section, you can set FEnd.CEnd. If you omit .CEnd or set it to 0, it means ending to the last character of this field.
Example: Sort from the second letter of the company’s English name:
$ sort -t ' ' -k 1.2 facebook.txt
baidu 100 5000
sohu 100 4500
google 110 5000
guge 50 3000
Interpretation: -k 1.2 is used, which means to sort the strings starting from the second character of the first field to the last character of this field. You will find that baidu is on the top of the list because the second letter is a. The second characters of sohu and google are both o, but the h of sohu comes before the o of google, so they are ranked second and third respectively. Guge can only be ranked fourth.
Example: Sort only by the second letter of the company's English name. If the same is done, sort by employee salary in descending order:
$ sort -t ' ' -k 1.2,1.2 -nrk 3,3 facebook.txt
baidu 100 5000
google 110 5000
sohu 100 4500
guge 50 3000
Interpretation: Since only the second letter is sorted, we use
-k 1.2,1.2the representation, which means that we only sort the second letter (if you ask me-k 1.2why it doesn’t work? Of course it doesn’t work, because you omitted the End part, this This means that you will sort the string from the second letter to the last character of the field). To sort employee salaries, we also use this-k 3,3. This is the most accurate expression, which means that we only sort this field, because if you omit the following 3, it becomes that we start from the third field to the last field. The contents of the location are sorted.
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