[Comprehensive explanation of Linux commands] 127. Detailed explanation of Linux CD production tools mkinitrd and mkisofs

mkinitrd

Create an image file to be loaded into the ramdisk

Additional information

mkinitrdThe command is used to create an image file to be loaded into the ramdisk so that the ramdisk can be loaded when Linux boots.

This command is used to repackage the core. For example, if you modify the driver of a device yourself, if this driver is to be added to the core level, you need to repackage the core and compile the newly added configuration into the core!

grammar

mkinitrd [选项] [参数]

Options

• -f: If the specified image file name is the same as an existing file, the existing file will be overwritten;
• -v: Display detailed information during execution;
• --omit-scsi-modules: Do not load the SCSI module;
• --preload=<模块名称>:Specify the module to be loaded;
• --with=<模块名称>:Specify the module to be loaded;
• --version: Display version information.

parameter

• 映像文件:Specify the image file to be created;
• 内核版本:Specify the kernel version.

Example

[root@localhost tmp]# mkinitrd -v -f myinitrd.img $(uname -r)
Creating initramfs
WARNING: using /tmp for temporary files
Looking for deps of module ide-disk
Looking for deps of module ext3  jbd
Looking for deps of module jbd
Using modules:  ./kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko ./kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko
/sbin/nash -> /tmp/initrd.Vz3928/bin/nash
/sbin/insmod.static -> /tmp/initrd.Vz3928/bin/insmod
/sbin/udev.static -> /tmp/initrd.Vz3928/sbin/udev
/etc/udev/udev.conf -> /tmp/initrd.Vz3928/etc/udev/udev.conf
copy from /lib/modules/2.6.9-5.EL/./kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko(elf32-i386) to /tmp/initrd.Vz3928/lib/jbd.ko(elf32-i386)
copy from /lib/modules/2.6.9-5.EL/./kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko(elf32-i386) to /tmp/initrd.Vz3928/lib/ext3.ko(elf32-i386)
Loading module jbd
Loading module ext3

[root@localhost tmp]# file myinitrd.img
myinitrd.img: gzip compressed data, from Unix, max compression

[root@localhost tmp]# mv myinitrd.img  myinitrd.img.gz
[root@localhost tmp]# gzip -d myinitrd.img.gz
[root@localhost tmp]# file myinitrd.img
myinitrd.img: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)

mkisofs

Create ISO 9660 image file

Additional information

mkisofsThe command is used to create the specified directory and files into an image file in ISO 9660 format for burning a disc.

grammar

mkisofs [选项] [参数]

Options

• -aOr --all: mkisofsBackup files are not normally processed. Use this parameter to add the backup file to the image file;
• -A<应用程序id>Or -appid<应用程序ID>: specify the application ID of the disc;
• -abstract<摘要文件>: Specify the file name of the summary file;
• -b<开机映像文件>Or -eltorito-boot<开机映像文件>: specify the boot image file required when making a bootable disc;
• -biblio<ISBN文件>: Specify the file name of the ISBN file. The ISBN file is located in the root directory of the disc and records the ISBN of the disc;
• -c<开机文件名称>: When making a bootable disc, mkisofsall contents in the boot image file will be treated as one file;
• -C<盘区编号，盘区编号>: This parameter must be used when combining many sections into one image file;
• -copyright<版权信息文件>: Specify the file name of the copyright information file;
• -dOr -omit-period: omit the period after the file;
• -DOr -disable-deep-relocation: ISO 9660 can only handle directories with up to 8 layers. For those with more than 8 layers, RRIP will automatically set them into an ISO 9660-compatible format. This feature can be turned off using -Dparameters;
• -for -follow-links: ignore symbolic links;
• -h: Display help;
• -hide<目录或文件名>: Make the specified directory or file hidden in ISO 9660 or Rock Ridge Extensions systems;
• -hide-joliet<目录或文件名>: Make the specified directory or file hidden in the Joliet system;
• -JOr -joliet: use directory and file names in Joliet format;
• -lOr -full-iso9660-filenames: use ISO 9660 32-character file name;
• -LOr -allow-leading-dots: allow the first character of the file name to be a period;
• -log-file<记录文件>: If there is an error message during execution, it will be displayed on the screen by default;
• -m<目录或文件名>Or -exclude<目录或文件名>: The specified directory or file name will not be placed in the image file;
• -M<映像文件>Or -prev-session<映像文件>: merge with the specified image file;
• -NOr -omit-version-number: Omit the version information in the ISO 9660 file;
• -o<映像文件>Or -output<映像文件>: specify the name of the image file;
• -p<数据处理人>or -preparer<数据处理人>: the data processor of the recorded disc;
• -print-size: Display the estimated file system size;
• -quiet: No information is displayed during execution;
• -rOr -rational-rock: Use Rock Ridge Extensions and enable read permissions for all files;
• -ROr -rock: Use Rock Ridge Extensions;
• -sysid<系统ID>: Specify the system ID of the disc;
• -TOr -translation-table: Create a file name conversion table, suitable for systems that do not support Rock Ridge Extensions;
• -vOr -verbose: display detailed information during execution;
• -V<光盘ID>Or -volid<光盘ID>: specify the volume set ID of the disc;
• -volset-size<光盘总数>: Specify the number of discs included in the volume set;
• -volset-seqno<卷册序号>:Specify the number of the disc in the volume set;
• -x<目录>: The specified directory will not be placed in the image file;
• -z: Create a SUSP record for transparent compressed files. This record is currently only valid for Linux on Alpha machines.

parameter

• 路径: The path that needs to be added to the image file.

Example

mkisofsSteps to use commands to make files into ISO in Linux :

1. Mount the directory on the NFS server to the local /mnt/nfs/directory:

   mount -t nfs 10.0.2.2:/linuxos/rhel4.0_update3/ /mnt/nfs/

2. Copy the mounted files to local:

   cp -a /mnt/NFS/* /root/Desktop/rhel4.0/

3. Find boot.catfiles and delete them:

   find rhel4.0/ -name boot.cat | xargs rm

4. Find TRANS.TBLfiles and delete them:

   find rhel4.0/ -name TRANS.TBL -exec rm {} \;

5. Copy the required local files to the specified directory:

   cp /usr/share/comps/i386/.discinfo rhel4.0/

6. Make all files in the specified directory into ISO files:

   mkisofs -R -J -T -v -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -V RHEL4ASDVD -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -o /RHEL4AS.iso rhel4.0/

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