I. Overview
Microcontroller (MCU for short) is an integrated circuit chip that integrates a microprocessor, memory, clock, IO port, and peripheral interface. It can realize various control and calculation functions through programming, and is often used in automation control, home appliances, smart instruments and other fields.
Second, the type and selection of single-chip microcomputer
According to different indicators such as number of digits, functions, and performance, there are different types and models of single-chip microcomputers. Beginners can choose a suitable microcontroller according to actual needs and application scenarios. For example, open source hardware platforms such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi provide an easy-to-use development environment, suitable for beginners to learn.
3. Construction of MCU development environment
Download and install an integrated development environment (IDE), such as Keil, IAR, etc.
Connect the MCU development board to the computer.
Configure the development environment, including device model, compiler, debugger, etc.
Fourth, the basics of microcontroller programming language
Commonly used programming languages for single-chip microcomputers include C language, assembly language, etc. The following is a simple C language program example:
#include <reg52.h> // 引入头文件，根据单片机型号调整
void main() {
while(1) {
// 无限循环
P1 = 0x00; // 将P1端口全部置为低电平
delay(1000); // 延时1秒
P1 = 0xFF; // 将P1端口全部置为高电平
delay(1000); // 延时1秒
}
}
5. Use of MCU peripheral interface
The MCU peripheral interface includes IO port, timer, interrupt, serial port, etc. The following takes the IO port as an example to demonstrate how to control the LED light on and off:
#include <reg52.h> // 引入头文件，根据单片机型号调整
void main() {
while(1) {
// 无限循环
P1 = 0x00; // 将P1端口全部置为低电平，LED灯亮
delay(1000); // 延时1秒
P1 = 0xFF; // 将P1端口全部置为高电平，LED灯灭
delay(1000); // 延时1秒
}
}
6. Practical operation
By completing some simple single-chip microcomputer projects, such as LED flashing, key control, temperature reading, etc., deepen the understanding and mastery of single-chip microcomputer.