1. What is Selenium? What is it used for?
Selenium is an open source framework for automated testing. It provides tools and libraries for simulating user behavior on different browsers and operating systems, and can be used for testing web applications.
2. What is the difference between Selenium WebDriver and Selenium IDE?
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Selenium WebDriver is a set of interfaces for writing and executing automated test scripts. It supports multiple programming languages (such as Java, Python, C#, etc.).
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Selenium IDE is a browser plug-in that provides easy-to-use recording and playback functions to quickly create and execute test scripts, but its functions are relatively weak.
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3. How to start the browser and open the webpage in WebDriver?
Before using WebDriver, you need to install the corresponding browser driver, such as ChromeDriver or GeckoDriver.
Here's an example of opening the Chrome browser and visiting a web page:
from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.Chrome() # 使用 Chrome 浏览器driver.get("http://www.example.com") # 打开指定网页
4. How to locate elements in WebDriver?
WebDriver provides various methods to locate elements such as ID, Name, Class Name, Tag Name, XPath, CSS Selector, etc. For example, to locate an element by ID:
element = driver.find_element_by_id("element_id")5. Explain the difference between implicit wait and explicit wait in WebDriver.
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Implicit waiting: Use the implicitly_wait method to set a global waiting time, and wait for the element to be loaded within the specified time.
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Explicit wait: Use the WebDriverWait class combined with the expected_conditions module to set specific conditions, wait until the conditions are met, and set the maximum waiting time.
6. How to simulate the user's click operation in WebDriver?
Use the click method to simulate the user's click operation. First locate the element, then call the click method to click:
element = driver.find_element_by_id("element_id")element.click()
7. How to input text in WebDriver?
Use the send_keys method to enter text. After selecting the target element, use the send_keys method to pass in the text to be entered:
element = driver.find_element_by_id("element_id")element.send_keys("Hello, World!")
8. How to execute JavaScript code?
WebDriver provides execute_script method to execute JavaScript code. Here is an example:
driver.execute_script("alert('Hello, World!');")9. How to deal with browser windows and tabs?
Use the window_handles property to get the handles of all current windows, and then use the switch_to.window method to switch windows.
10. How to deal with multiple frames (iframe)?
Use the switch_to.frame method to switch to the frame to be manipulated for element positioning and manipulation. The main frame is returned by the default_content method.
11. How to deal with the drop-down list (drop-down box)?
Use the Select class to handle drop-down lists. First locate the drop-down list element, then create a Select object, and finally use the object's methods to select options.
12. How to realize page screenshot?
You can use the save_screenshot method to take a screenshot of the page. Here is an example:
driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png")13. How to deal with the pop-up window (Alert)?
Use the switch_to.alert method to switch to the popup window, then use the accept, dismiss methods to accept or reject the popup window.
14. How to deal with browser cookies?
WebDriver provides methods such as get_cookies, add_cookie and delete_cookie to handle browser cookies.
15. How to perform front and back switching operations?
Use the switch_to.default_content method to return to the main frame, or use the switch_to.parent_frame method to return to the parent frame.
16. How to handle the file upload function?
After the element is located, use the send_keys method to pass the path of the file as a parameter to the upload button's element.
17. How to handle the forward and backward operations of the browser?
You can use the back and forward methods to implement the browser's back and forward operations.
18. Explain what Selenium Grid is?
Selenium Grid is a tool for running multiple tests concurrently in a distributed environment. It can distribute test scripts to different machines and browsers, and execute tests in parallel.
19. How to handle page scrolling?
Use the execute_script method to execute JavaScript code, and realize page scrolling by changing the value of window.scrollY.
20. How to handle AJAX asynchronous loading in Selenium?
You can use the WebDriverWait class and the expected_conditions module to set wait conditions to wait for asynchronous loading to complete.
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Where to watch the video tutorial:
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1SY4y1p7k6/?vd_source=74d0257ec7066cc4f9013524f0bb7013#reply175533904208 