This interim guidance is intended to provide an overview of electric vehicle fire safety considerations for indoor parking lots. This is due to heightened fire safety challenges in these spaces. The definition of covered parking in these guidelines includes underground, enclosed or open parking, but does not include residential garages. Some of the measures outlined in this document also apply to vehicle fires in open spaces and fires in vehicles with internal combustion engines.
This document is not a legal compliance document, does not supersede or require compliance with existing regulations, and does not directly support compliance with:
Functional requirements for new builds, alterations or extensions under the Building Regulations 2010 (Revised Edition).
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (as amended) applicable to existing premises.
It is the onus on those required to comply with the above (and other legislation) to demonstrate how they will comply by providing design advice or risk assessments. This must be supported by appropriate evidence from qualified personnel and a risk assessment.
When considering the fire risk of indoor car parks, relevant legislation should be referred to, including but not limited to:
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (as amended) (and similar provisions in devolved governments)
Building Regulations 2010 (Revised Edition)
The Work Health and Safety Act 1974 and related secondary regulations
The Construction Safety Act 2022 and related secondary legislation
Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002
Electric Vehicles (Smart Chargepoints) Regulations 2021 (in case of private chargepoints)
The Equality Act 2010, enforced by the Human Rights Commission.
The document outlines mitigation measures that competent persons should consider to reduce the impact of electric vehicle fires. These are outlined using the ERlC (eliminate, reduce, isolate, control) model. These considerations include but are not limited to:
Inhibition system
Increased fire performance of the structure
distance between parked vehicles
fire water supply
Water Runoff Control and Containment
Location and characteristics of electric vehicle charging points
Enhanced smoke management system
Early detection methods such as thermal cameras for early intervention
The guidance was developed in collaboration with fire safety organisations, car park organizations and the charge point industry. A literature review of domestic and foreign data was conducted to draw conclusions about the safety of EVs parked and/or charged in covered parking lots.
The guidance has "provisional" status because the measures are based on and limited to existing data surrounding EV fires, which will continue to evolve as EVs age and the industry continues to evolve. This guidance is subject to change if new evidence emerges that has a significant impact on appropriate mitigation measures.
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