When a packet needs to be retransmitted, exponential back-off is used to calculate the next retransmission time.
这个back-off的使用还是相当的广泛：《Adaptive Backoff Synchronization Technique》https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74926.74970
The general idea of backoff has been used in one form or another in a number of applications. The approach was first used in Aloha [l], a radio-based, packet-switching network. If a collision occurred in the network, each source would backoff for a random interval before attempting to retransmit. The Ethernet [16] went one step further and used a random retransmission interval in which collision history influenced the choice of the mean of the random intervals. Adaptive control schemes for multiple access communications networks have been analyzed in [13, 12, 141.
First used in: Aloha [l],
Norman Abramson. The ALOHA System - Another alternative for computer communications. In Proc. Fall Joint Computer Conf., pages 261-285, 1977
https://www.researchgate.net/ profile/Norman-Abramson/publication/234790393_THE_ALOHA_SYSTEM_another_alternative_for_computer_communications/links/56b8dfb108ae0a89c12f9184/THE-ALOHA-SYSTEM-another-alternative-for-computer-communications.pdf? origin=publication_detail
The source of this article is a project in Hawaii that also represents an advantage for long-distance communication research.