1, TCP / IP protocol suite.
1.1 Data Link Layer
To achieve a network interface card driver to handle the data transmitted on the physical medium (such as Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.). The main ARP and RARP protocol
via the data becomes the data link layer encapsulation frames, Ethernet frames, token ring frame, wherein the Ethernet frame format:
MTU maximum transmission unit, i.e. the maximum number of upper layer protocol data frames (such as IP datagrams) can carry, as such, long IP datagrams may be fragmented transmission.
Description: MTU = 1500 Ethernet frame, by ifconfig, netstat view, so that the data section of the IP datagram is a maximum of 1480 bytes (IP datagram header accounts for 20 bytes)
1.2 Network Layer
The main protocols are IP and ICMP
functions:
routing: communication two hosts are not connected directly, but through a plurality of intermediate nodes (routers) connected to the network layer of the task is to choose these intermediate nodes has been determined that two hosts communication between
the IP protocol is based on the destination IP address of the packet to determine how to deliver it. If the packet is not sent directly to the destination host, the IP protocol will select the appropriate next-hop router packets and packets delivered to the router to forward. This process is repeated several times, until the packet reaches the destination host, or because of transmission failure packets are discarded. Can be found, IP protocol network layer hop manner using the determined communication path.
Protocol ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is mainly used for detecting a network connection, it is divided into two types: packet error, query message. Details see illustration:
1.3 Transport Layer
The main protocols: TCP, UDP, SCTP
functions: to provide for the application on both hosts 端到端(end-to-end)的通信. And using the IP protocol communication network layer hop communication paths of different people missing, the transport layer only concerned src and dst, is not concerned with the packet transfer process.
1.4 Application Layer
Implemented in user space, the main protocol: telnet, OSPF, DNS, ping procedures
2, the protocol description
Application layer:
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
the DNS (Domain Name)
the FTP (File Transfer Protocol) file transfer protocol
Gopher (English original meaning: The Internet Gopher Protocol Chinese Interpretation: (RFC-1436) Internet Gopher Protocol)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) over Hypertext transfer protocol
IMAP4 (Internet message access protocol 4) That is the fourth version of the Internet message access protocol
IRC (Internet Relay chat) chat protocol
NNTP (network News transport protocol) RFC -977) network News transfer protocol
XMPP extensible messaging and Presence protocol
POP3 (Post Office protocol 3) that is the third version of the Post Office protocol
SIP signaling control protocol
SMTP (simple Mail transfer protocol) that is simple Mail transfer protocol
SNMP (simple Network Management protocol, SNMP)
SSH (Secure Shell) secure shell protocol
TELNET Telnet protocol
RPC (remote procedure call protocol) ( RFC-1831) remote procedure call protocol
RTCP (RTP control protocol) RTP control protocol
RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) real-time streaming protocol
TLS (Transport Layer Security Protocol) Transport Layer Security
SDP (Session Description Protocol) session description protocol
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) Simple Object Access Protocol
GTP universal data transmission platform
STUN (Simple traversal of UDP over NATs, NAT simple traversal of UDP) is a network protocol
when NTP (network time protocol) network time protocol
Transport Layer:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) transport control protocol
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) user datagram protocol
DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol) Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
SCTP (STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL) stream control transmission protocol
RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol or abbreviated RTP) Real-time Transport protocol
RSVP (resource ReSer Vation protocol) resource reservation protocol
PPTP (Point to Point tunneling protocol) Point to Point tunneling protocol
Network layer:
IP (IPv4 · IPv6) Internet Protocol ( interconnection between network protocols)
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol ARP namely, to realize that their physical address by IP address.
RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol Reverse Address Resolution Protocol request LAN physical machine allows its IP address from the ARP table or cache of the gateway server.
ICMP: (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a sub-protocol TCP / IP protocol suite, for passing control messages between IP hosts, routers.
ICMPv6:
IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is an Internet protocol multicast protocol family, IP router for the hosts either directly adjacent to a report of their group membership.
RIP: Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a standard for exchanging routing information between the gateway and the host.
OSPF: (Open Shortest Path First Open Shortest Path First).
The BGP: (Border Gateway Protocol) Border Gateway Protocol, independent system connected to the Internet for routing protocols
IS-IS: (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol) intermediate system to intermediate system routing protocol.
IPsec: "Internet protocol security" is a framework of open standards, security services through the use of encryption to ensure confidential and secure communications over the Internet protocol (IP) network.
data link layer:
802.11 * 802.16 * * WiMAX the Wi-Fi DTM · ATM · · · Ethernet Token Ring · FDDI · Frame Relay · GPRS · EVDO · HSPA · HDLC · PPP · L2TP · ISDN
Physical layer:
Ethernet physical layer · · the PLC modem · SONET / the SDH · · G.709 fiber-coaxial-UTP