Social medicine:
Chapter One
Social medicine: It is a science that studies the interrelationships and laws between social factors, health and diseases. It is developed from the mutual penetration of medicine and social science. interdisciplinary nature.
Regional health planning: It is the main means for the government to macro-control the development of health services. It aims to meet the basic health service needs of all residents in the region, and implements overall planning and rational allocation of health resources.
Chapter two
Model: In scientific research, it refers to a theoretical schema or way of explaining natural phenomena or social phenomena, and can also refer to a system of thought or way of thinking.
Medical model: formed during the development of medical theory and medical practice, it is essentially a medical view. It is a high-level theoretical summary of the essence, development and practical operation of medicine.
Biological-psychological-social medical model: Human diseases are not only caused by biological factors, but also social and psychological factors. Therefore, in addition to traditional biological methods, treatment methods should also include social science methods and psychological methods.
Sub-health: refers to a physiological state in which although the human body has no obvious diseases, its vitality is reduced and its adaptability is reduced to varying degrees.
Subclinical state: refers to clinical test evidence of physiological compensation or pathological response although there are no clinical symptoms and signs.
third chapter
Social factors: Refers to various elements of society, also known as social environmental factors.
Social class: Refers to the basic level of differences in social status and lifestyle caused by differences in wealth, power and prestige.
Nuclear family: refers to a family consisting of a couple and their unmarried children.
Social support: Refers to the emotional, material and life help a person receives from social networks.
Subculture: refers to the unique beliefs, values and living habits shared by the members of the subgroup to which a certain cultural group belongs. It is a general term for the ideological culture of the whole society.
Gross domestic product: refers to the sum of the value of final products produced and labor services provided by all resident units within a country or region within a certain period of time.
Gross National Product: Refers to the final results produced domestically and abroad and the value of labor services provided by all resident units in a country or region within a certain period of time.
Health investment: Refers to the economic investment consumed to prevent disease, restore and develop the health of the population.
Chapter Four
Health-related behavior: refers to the behavior of individuals or groups related to health and disease.
Self-efficacy: Refers to people's beliefs about their ability to accomplish a behavioral goal or cope with a difficult situation.
Life events: Refers to events in daily life that cause people to lose their psychological balance.
Social support: Refers to the emotional, material and life help a person receives in social networks.
Personal control beliefs: Refers to the control beliefs that individuals hold about the problems or situations they face.
Lifestyle: In a broad sense, it refers to the expression of a series of daily activities that people carry out for survival and development; in a narrow sense, it refers to people's life and consumption patterns.
chapter Five
Qualitative research: through the use of specialized techniques, to obtain information on people's deeper responses in terms of thoughts and feelings, and to study the attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviors of the target population on related issues.
Questionnaire: It is a measurement tool used in social medical surveys to collect data.
Closed questions: Ask the respondent a question, and give more than two alternative answers for them to choose to answer.
Reliability: The degree to which the results obtained are consistent when the same object is repeatedly measured using the same measurement tool.
Delphi Method: Brainstorming.
Focus Group Discussion: Refers to the formation of a number of focus groups by discussion participants with similar backgrounds. Under the guidance of the discussion moderator, they exchange opinions and views on the research issues, and the researchers summarize, analyze and summarize accordingly.
Chapter Six
Quality of life: Individuals' experience of life states in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns in different cultures and value systems.
Health-related quality of life: Refers to people's health status under the influence of illness, injury, medical intervention, aging and changes in the social environment, as well as the subjective experience associated with their economic, cultural background and value orientation.
Quality-adjusted life-years: A new index that comprehensively reflects the quality of life and quantity of life of the population obtained by adjusting the life expectancy or the number of years of life by using the quality of life.
Chapter VII
Health risk factors: Factors that increase the likelihood of disease or death.
Evaluation of health risk factors: a technical method to study the quantitative dependence and regularity of risk factors and chronic disease morbidity and mortality.
Evaluated age: according to the functional relationship between age and death rate, the age calculated according to the expected mortality level calculated according to the existing risk factors of the individual.
Increased age: The evaluation age calculated from the estimated death level after taking measures that may reduce the risk factors based on the existing risk factors.
chapter eight
Health service research: starting from the supply side, demand side and third party of health service and the relationship between them, research on health service organization, implementation and its influencing factors, as well as the relationship with the health status of residents, and explore ways to improve the health service system functions and ways to improve the efficiency of health resource use.
Health expenses: Social resources consumed directly and indirectly to protect the health of the population within a certain period of time.
Utilization of health services: It is the quantity of health services actually used by demanders, and it is the result of the mutual restriction between the demand for health services of the population and the supply of health resources.
Health resources: Under certain socio-economic conditions, an objective indicator of comprehensive investment in the health sector by the state, society and individuals.
Cost-effect analysis: Studying the relationship between resource consumption and health outcomes.
Chapter nine
Active life expectancy: The number of years a person can maintain a good functioning of activities of daily living.
Health policy: refers to the general term for strategies and strategies, goals and indicators, countermeasures and measures for the development of health services formulated and implemented by the government or authoritative organizations based on social health as the fundamental interest.
Health status evaluation: Through research and analysis of the health level of the population and its development and changes, to explore the main health problems existing in the population, to screen the main factors that affect the health level of the population and its development and changes, and to evaluate the effects of various health plans, programs and measures.
Primary health care: A type of basic health care.
Social health status: the health of the population and the status of various social factors that affect the health of the population.
Life-years lost: The total number of life-years lost due to death within the target survival age of a group of people within a certain period of time.
chapter Ten
Medical insurance: A form of subsidy for the medical expenses of the insured.
Disease risk: The uncertain state of people's losses due to health and disease events.
Medical insurance fund: the sum of funds raised in currency to provide economic compensation for the medical service needs of the insured population.
Ups and downs line: The bottom line of medical expenses payment stipulated by the medical insurance institution.
Charge according to service item: After receiving medical service, the insurer calculates the medical expenses according to the price of the service item, and then the insurance institution pays the medical service provider.
New type of rural cooperative medical care: organized, guided, and supported by the government, farmers voluntarily participate, individuals, collectives, and the government raise funds from multiple parties, and a farmer medical mutual aid system that focuses on overall planning of serious illnesses.
Chapter Eleven
Community health service: Under the leadership of the government, community participation, and the guidance of higher-level health institutions, grass-roots health institutions are the main body, community resources and appropriate technologies are used rationally, people's health is the center, the family is the unit, the community is the scope, and the needs are oriented Focusing on women, children, the elderly, the chronically ill, and the disabled, aiming to solve major health problems in the community and meet the needs of basic health services, it integrates prevention, medical treatment, health care, rehabilitation, health education, and family planning technical guidance. , Effective, economical, convenient, comprehensive and continuous grassroots health services.
Community: A large group of interrelated life formed by several social groups or social organizations gathered in a certain area.
Chapter Twelve
Disability: Physical and mental dysfunction caused by various reasons, leading to varying degrees of loss of normal life, work and study ability.
Professional rehabilitation: Rehabilitation work carried out by concentrated professional rehabilitation personnel.
Community Rehabilitation: A new way to provide services to all kinds of people with disabilities within a certain community.
Chapter Thirteen
Social disease: a social phenomenon mainly caused by social reasons and contrary to the direction of social development and progress.
Social Issues: Involves all kinds of issues that need to mobilize social forces to solve.
Suicide: An individual voluntarily takes the act of harming or ending his own life under clear circumstances.
Accidental Injury: Injury to the body caused by unintentional, unexpected unexpected events.
Chapter Fourteen
Etiological Prevention: Measures taken against the cause of the disease before it occurs.
Health promotion: By creating a health-promoting environment, the population can avoid or reduce exposure to chronic disease risk factors and change the body's susceptibility.
Health protection: implement special protective measures for high-risk susceptible groups exposed to chronic disease risk factors to avoid the occurrence of diseases.
Screening: The use of rapid tests, examinations, or other measures to distinguish apparently healthy individuals who may be ill from those who may not be.
Chapter fifteen
Family: A basic group established on the basis of marriage relationship, blood relationship or adoption relationship, and has common living activities.
Stem family: A type of family consisting of parents, married children and the third generation.
Joint Family: A family type in which parents live together with several married children and their grandchildren.
Healthy family: every member of the family can feel the cohesion of the family, and the family can provide sufficient internal and external resources to support the body and mind.
Family healthcare: The systematic process of safeguarding the basic health of family members.
Family pedigree chart: Express the structural and functional data of the family with simple graphs and words to form an intuitive explanation of the main problems of the family.