What is Linux, how to build a Linux environment under the Windows operating system, and remotely connect to the Linux system

what is linux

Linux is a set of Unix-like operating systems that are free to use and spread freely. It is a POSIX and UNIX-based multi-user, multi-tasking, multi-threading and multi-CPU operating system. It inherits Unix's network-centric design idea and is a multi-user network operating system with stable performance. The Linux operating system was born on October 5, 1991 (this is the first time it was officially announced to the outside world). Strictly speaking, the word Linux itself only refers to the Linux kernel, but in fact people have become accustomed to using Linux to describe the entire operating system based on the Linux kernel and using various tools and databases of the GNU project.

The Birth and Development of Linux

The birth of Linux can be traced back to 1991, when Linus Torvalds (Linus Torvalds) was still a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland. In order to use the same operating system as the school on his PC, he began to write a work similar to the UNIX kernel. . Linus uses MINIX, but he hopes that his operating system can exceed the standard of MINIX. On October 5, 1991, Linus posted a message on the comp.os.minix newsgroup, officially announcing the birth of the Linux kernel system. This piece of news can be called the birth declaration of Linux, and it has been widely circulated.

In the following years, the Linux system has been continuously developed and improved. Commercial and non-commercial Linux distributions began to appear, attracting more and more users and developers. By 2010, the number of developers working on the Linux Kernel platform had reached 1,000.

The development of Linux has been supported by many companies and individuals, the most important of which is the GNU project. The GNU project aims to develop a completely free operating system to make up for the shortcomings of Linux. The combination of Linux and GNU forms a complete free software operating system - GNU/Linux.

Generally speaking, the birth and development of Linux is an important driving force for the open source movement and the free software movement, and has made great contributions to the global computer development and software development.

Why learn Linux

1. Open source: Linux is an open source operating system, which means that its source code is open to the public and anyone can view, modify and distribute it. This makes Linux transparent, flexible and secure, attracting a large number of developers and community participation, and promoting technological innovation and improvement.

2. Wide application: Linux is widely used in various fields, including servers, embedded systems, mobile devices, and cloud computing. Learning Linux allows you to master a general-purpose operating system, providing you with more opportunities and choices for IT careers in different fields.

3. Cross-platform: Linux can run on a variety of hardware platforms, from personal computers to server clusters, from mobile phones to embedded devices. By learning Linux, you gain skills and knowledge compatible with different platforms, increasing your flexibility and adaptability.

4. Powerful command-line tools: Linux provides powerful and flexible command-line tools for efficient system management, configuration, and scripting. Proficiency with command-line tools can increase your productivity and automation capabilities, and give you greater control.

5. Security: Compared to other operating systems, Linux is generally considered more secure due to its open source code and large community support. By learning Linux, you can understand and implement security best practices, improving your skills in protecting systems and data.

6. Career opportunities: The wide application and popularity of Linux in the IT industry provides abundant career opportunities for Linux technicians. From Linux system administrators to network engineers, cloud computing specialists, and security specialists, there are many Linux-related positions and roles that require familiarity with Linux skills.

7. Community support: Linux has a large and active community that provides a wealth of resources, forums, and blogs to help and support learners. By joining the Linux community, you can network, learn, and share experiences with other developers and professionals.

Linux is the most powerful operating system in the server field, not one of them.

Linux kernel

The Linux kernel is the heart of the Linux operating system, responsible for managing system resources, processing system requests, and controlling hardware devices. It is an operating system based on the Unix design idea, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, stability, security and flexibility.

The Linux kernel is mainly composed of the following parts:

1. Process management: Responsible for process creation, termination, scheduling, and inter-process communication.
2. Memory management: responsible for the allocation, release, protection and sharing of memory.
3. File system: Responsible for creating, reading, writing, and deleting files and directories.
4. Device driver: Responsible for communication and control with hardware devices.
5. Network management: Responsible for the implementation of network protocols, management of network connections, and network security.
6. System calls: Provide a set of system call interfaces for applications to interact with the kernel.

The Linux kernel is free and open source, and anyone can download, view and modify the source code.
You can download the Linux kernel through https://www.kernel.org/ .

Linux distribution

Linux distribution (Linux distribution) refers to the integration of the Linux operating system and various application software into a prepackaged system so that general users can install and use it conveniently and quickly. Linux distributions usually include application software such as desktop environments, office suites, media players, and databases, as well as a software package management system for easy installation, uninstallation, and management of software.

There are many kinds of Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Arch Linux, CentOS, etc. These distributions have their own characteristics and advantages, and can be selected according to the needs of users. Among them, Ubuntu and Fedora are relatively popular Linux distributions, while Arch Linux is favored by users for its rolling update and concise concept.

The development of Linux distributions has been very active, and new versions and improvements are constantly being introduced to meet the needs of users and improve the performance and security of the system.

what is a virtual machine

If we want to use Linux under a non-Linux system, the best way is to use a virtual machine to build a Linux system environment.

A virtual machine (Virtual Machine) refers to a complete computer system that is simulated by software and has complete hardware system functions and runs in a completely isolated environment. It can simulate multiple virtual computers in a physical computer, each virtual computer can run independently, and various software and applications can be installed.

The role of virtual machines in reality is still quite large. For example, if there is no CD-ROM drive, if you want to install the system, you can use the virtual machine to install the system. In addition, virtual machine technology is also very practical in the eyes of game lovers. For example, many games on one computer do not support multiple games at the same time, but we can create several virtual machines in the computer, so that they can be played independently in the virtual machine system. Run the program again, so that one computer can open the same game at the same time.

Currently popular virtual machine software includes VMware (VMWare ACE), Virtual Box, and Virtual PC.

Next, I will share with you how to use a VMware virtual machine to build a Linux system environment.

How to build a Linux system environment in a VMware virtual machine

One: Download the VMware virtual machine
https://www.vmware.com/cn/products/workstation-pro/workstation-pro-evaluation.html

Two: Check the network adapter

After installing VMware, we need to check whether the corresponding network adapter is configured. WIN + REnter ncpa.cplto see if there are VMnet1 and VMnet8. If not, the VMware virtual machine needs to be reinstalled.

Three: Download the CentOs operating system
CentOs is an operating system that is widely used in China, and Ubantu is also used by a large number of people. You can also try this operating system.

CentOs official website

Maybe we can't use the official website, so you can try mirroring CentOs.

CentOs mirror site

Four: Install the CentOs operating system in VMware

We turn on the VMware virtual machine.

Since it is easier for us to learn at this stage, we use typical types.

Here we choose the CentOs operating system we installed.

Create a username and password.

Specify the virtual machine name and location.

need to wait here

enter password

Connect to Linux system remotely

We can use VMware to get Linux virtual machines, but it is not convenient to operate Linux command line pages in VMware, mainly:

• It is inconvenient to copy and paste content across VMware
• It is inconvenient to upload and download files across VMware
• That is, various interactions with the Linux system, it is inconvenient to cross VMware

So we can use the third-party software FinalShell to remotely connect to the Linux operating system.

1: Download FinalShell
http://www.hostbuf.com/

When we use FinalShell to remotely connect to Linux, we need to ensure that the Linux operating system on VMware is running.

right click

input the commandifconfig

Linux help site

1. Linux commands: https://linuxcommand.org/ This website provides detailed instructions and examples about Linux commands, which can help you learn and use various Linux commands.

2. The Linux Documentation Project: https://www.linuxdoc.org/ The Linux Documentation Project is a website that centrally stores Linux-related documentation, including various tutorials, guides, and manuals, covering a wide range of topics.

3. LinuxQuestions.org: https://www.linuxquestions.org/ LinuxQuestions.org is an active Linux community forum where you can ask questions, ask for help, and chat with other Linux users.

4. Stack Exchange - Unix & Linux: https://unix.stackexchange.com/ Unix & Linux is a subsite of Stack Exchange dedicated to Unix and Linux systems, where you can ask and answer questions.

5. ArchWiki: https://wiki.archlinux.org/ ArchWiki is a detailed documentation resource for the Linux distribution Arch Linux, which contains a lot of information about Linux system configuration and usage.

6. Ubuntu Chinese Forum: https://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/ Ubuntu Chinese Forum is a Chinese community forum dedicated to discussing Ubuntu and Linux related topics, where you can get help and exchange experiences.