What do we need to know about the operating system before we formally learn Linux? After knowing what an operating system is, we need to understand what Linux is? After understanding Linux, we need to know what is the difference between Linux and Windows? Already Why Have Deep Learning Linux
1. Operating system
Operating System (OS) is a part of software. It is the first layer of software based on hardware, and is a bridge (or interface, middleman, intermediary, etc.) for the communication between hardware and other software.
The more common operating systems on our PC side are: Windows, Linux, UNIX, MacOS.
Mobile operating system: Android, iOS, Windows Phone
The operating system controls the operation of other programs, manages system resources, and provides the most basic computing functions, such as managing and configuring memory, determining the priority of supply and demand of system resources, etc. It also provides some basic service programs, such as:
1) File system
Provides a structure for the computer to store information, the information is stored in files, the files are mainly stored in the internal hard disk of the computer, and the files are organized in a hierarchical structure of directories. File systems provide the operating system with a way to organize and manage data.
2) Device driver
Providing an interface to every hardware device connected to a computer, a device driver enables programs to write to the device without needing to know the details of each hardware implementation. Simply put, it's so you can eat eggs without raising a chicken.
3) User interface
The operating system needs to provide a way for the user to run programs and access the file system. For example, the commonly used Windows graphical interface can be understood as a way for the user to interact with the operating system; the Android or iOS system of a smartphone is also a way of interacting with the operating system.
4) System service program
When the computer starts, many system service programs are automatically started to perform operations such as installing file systems, starting network services, and running scheduled tasks.
Summary: Operating systems are like middlemen between our computer software and hardware.
Second, what is Linux?
1. Introduction to Linux:
The Linux kernel was originally written by Finn Linus Torvalds as a hobby at the University of Helsinki.
Linux is a set of free-to-use and freely disseminated Unix-like operating systems. It is a multi-user, multi-task, multi-threaded and multi-CPU operating system based on POSIX and UNIX.
Linux can run major UNIX utilities, applications, and network protocols. It supports 32-bit and 64-bit hardware. Linux inherits the network-centric design idea of Unix, and is a multi-user network operating system with stable performance.
2. The relationship between Linux and Unix:
If you are interested in the relationship between the great GNU project and the relationship between Linux and Unix, you can check it out, and you will be more impressed with Linux.
3. Major Linux distributions:
At present, the more well-known distributions on the market are: Ubuntu, RedHat, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, SuSE, OpenSUSE, Arch Linux, SolusOS, etc.
We mainly use Centos7 when we usually study. Most of the teaching videos and books are taught in Centos7. Ubuntu is also used by many people.
I usually use Centos7 to learn, and Ubuntu to use as my daily Linux. I can only say that Ubuntu is very fragrant.
4. Application areas of Linux:
1) Server field
The application of Linux in the server field is the strongest. I believe that my friends after work should have a deep understanding.
Why is it so strong in the server world?
The characteristics of Linux being free, stable, and efficient are well reflected on the server side, especially in some high-end fields.
To quote a big man: "You come because of the product, you stay because of the ecosystem"
The advantage of Linux as a server is that it currently has the best ecosystem, and all kinds of software on the server side are designed for it. By default, you are considered to be running on Linux. If you want a non-Linux server, you must have enough Be mentally prepared, because if any problems arise, you may not be able to find someone who can help you solve the problem.
2) Embedded field
The characteristics of Linux running stable, good support for the network, low cost and software tailoring according to the needs, and the minimum kernel can reach several hundred KB, make it widely used in the embedded field. In the future, the field of Internet of Things will be more extensive.
3) Personal desktop field:
This is the weakest part of Linux. There is no way that this field can be firmly occupied by Windows. However, with the arrival of desktop environments such as ubuntu and fedora, the share of Linux in the field of personal desktops is gradually increasing.
The following is an example of a good application of Linux:
-
The Brazilian federal government is world-renowned for its support of Linux.
-
There are news reports that the Russian army's own Linux distribution, as the GHost project, has come to fruition.
-
The Kerala Federation of India plans to promote the use of Linux in high schools across the Federation.
-
In order to achieve technological independence, the People's Republic of China exclusively uses Linux in Loongson processors.
-
It has developed its own Linux distribution in some regions of Spain and is widely used in government and education, such as gnuLinEx in Extremadura and Guadalinex in Andalusia.
-
Portugal also uses its own Linux distribution, Caixa Mágica, for Magalhöes laptops and e-escola government software.
-
France and Germany are also beginning to gradually adopt Linux.
5. What is Linux?
We know that Linux runs on computers. It is essentially an operating system, but it is also an operating system. Why should we learn Linux? Isn't Windows fragrant? So let's take a look at their differences below
3. What is the difference between Linux and Windows
1、Linux vs Windows：
At present, domestic Linux is mostly used on servers, while desktop operating systems are mostly Windows. The main differences are as follows
A classic quote from a big guy:
