Datawhale dry goods
Author: Academician Li Deyi , Source: Turing Artificial Intelligence
About the author: Li Deyi, a researcher at the Academy of Military Sciences of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and an academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences. Research directions are computer engineering, artificial intelligence with uncertainty, data mining and intelligent driving, and machine cognition.
Reprinted from "Science and Society", Volume 13, Issue 2, 2023 129
Abstract: This article discusses the relationship between philosophy, theology and science, and the relationship between wisdom and wisdom; it holds that philosophy is not a science, nor is it a science of science. Human civilization has become the ecology and belief of science. Philosophy is the forerunner of science. Artificial intelligence is taught by philosophy and also promotes philosophy. Nature has evolved the memory ability of the human brain. Time is the cornerstone of human cognition. Human thinking and machine thinking are mathematically identical and physically homologous. They all rely on negative entropy for a living. Intelligent machines can think just like humans , can learn, people's imagination and creativity come from the abstraction, association and interaction ability in thinking. The matter and energy in the human body and intelligent machines are the real existence at the physical level, the structure and time are the abstract thinking at the cognitive level, and the structure and time are parasitic on the matter and energy to form a hard structure. The structure embodies the imaginary world, can be parasitic on the hard structure or other soft structures, has virtual and real, combined virtual and real, can be bootstrapped and self-reused, and there is always a next time cycle, so that the machine can Going to "think", its order shows the ability to maintain its own thinking and produce orderly events. Matter and spirit, hard and soft, physical and metaphysical are two sides of the same coin. The more developed artificial intelligence, the more developed human intelligence, interdependence, iterative development, endless cognition leads to endless creation.
Keywords: negative entropy, self-reuse, hard structure, soft structure, theory of four elements of cognition
To say where philosophy comes from and where it is going, we have to start with ancient philosophy[1]. There was no strict distinction between ancient philosophy and science. The rich imagination of human beings led to philosophy after a long period of witchcraft, religion, and theology. Philosophers were first intuitive thinkers, and then science came into existence. It is said that science sprouts and grows in a pernicious jungle—a jungle of witchcraft and superstition—that, while positive for human progress, has repeatedly destroyed the seedlings of knowledge.[2 ]. It was not until the Renaissance that science gradually parted ways with philosophy, and arithmetic, geometry, surveying, mechanics, kinematics, dynamics, and physics developed rapidly. Therefore, philosophers in the past were often mathematicians and physicists, intertwined together. Until now, postgraduates who study for a doctorate are collectively referred to as a Ph.D. (Ph.D). From the Greek, "philo" means love, and "ophia" means wisdom.
When I was young, I read Chairman Mao's "On Contradiction", "On Practice" and "Where Do People's Correct Thoughts Come From" over and over again, and I admired Mao Zedong's philosophy very much. I used to think that philosophy is all knowledge about the mind and the universe, supreme. Later, I participated in philosophy classes many times, read books and philosophy with historical and scientific perspectives, and gained a lot of new understanding. In the original higher education, philosophy must be called Greek. Generally speaking, Mao Zedong’s works are not discussed in philosophy classes, but the philosophies of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Leibniz, and Kant. , and will not mention the Eastern sages Confucius and Wang Yangming. Science has made us more and more aware of such a truth: limited by human senses, environment and range of activities, human perception is far from being fully real, and the power of the universe is originally irrelevant to individual wishes and happiness. The physical world Whether it is the way people perceive it is impossible to know. Before the birth of higher organisms, the universe already existed. The history of human civilization has existed for about 10,000 years, and there are only more than 5,000 years of written records. If the history of the earth is 4.5 billion years compared to one day, single-celled microorganisms have existed for 3.5 billion years , is equivalent to 18 hours, Homo sapiens has existed for 500,000 years, it is equivalent to 10 seconds, and the history of human civilization is only equivalent to 0.2 seconds [3]. In the future, if there are no human beings, other creatures and universes can still exist. In this way, the horizons have been broadened a lot. Descartes said, I think, therefore I am, referring to the cognitive space; to paraphrase Descartes, whether you and I think or not, it exists, referring to the physical world. Philosophy is human beings understanding the physical world in their own cognitive space.
1. Philosophy is not science, nor is it the science of science
Philosophy has been in the chaotic state of panpsychism for a long time. Some people think that philosophy is the top of all disciplines, but there has been no clear research object. Philosophy was originally beyond practical purposes, purely speculative, metaphysical, and "useless" knowledge; while mathematics, physics, chemistry, life sciences, medicine, botany, zoology, anthropology, environmental science, social science, Literature, history, art, music, etc. all have clear research objects, but philosophy does not have to explain and solve practical problems. Philosophy is not a skill for making a living. This is proof that university graduates who study philosophy often cannot find a job. Science and technology focus on applying what you have learned, and constantly open up new disciplines. Therefore, strictly speaking, philosophy is not a branch of science. This is the consensus of many people, and of course some people may not agree.
Science is the general name of disciplines, which are essentially divided into disciplines. Science is always approaching the truth, and in the process of approaching, there will be twists and turns, and there will be intersections between disciplines, as well as breaks and gaps. That is to say, science itself has left a lot of unknown disciplines and disciplines Regarding the issue of division, for example, in the Chinese educational circles, it has been a long time since the debate on whether intelligence science is a first-level discipline, and there is no consensus until now. But if subjects are put into three big baskets of physical science, life science, and social science, none of the intelligent subjects can be included in the basket, and it should probably be a zero-level subject, and mathematics is no different. Some people say that philosophy is the higher order of science. The velocity of velocity is acceleration, dynamics is a high-order of kinematics, and the knowledge of knowledge is meta-knowledge. Philosophy cannot actually afford such a high-order role of science. As humans know more, there seems to be more they don't know. Philosophy focuses on learning to know, and seeking truth.
2. Philosophy is the forerunner of science. Artificial intelligence is taught by philosophy and also boosts philosophy
Perhaps it is more accurate to say that philosophy is the forerunner of science, and culture and civilization are the forerunners of philosophy. Philosophy is the enlightenment of science, and it may pave the way for new disciplines in the future, setting some boundaries and premises.
Some people say that the fundamental proposition of philosophy is "Who am I? What do I want? Where do I go?" These three questions are being decomposed into many specialized disciplines to study by science. With the rapid development of science and technology, scientists and engineers It may not be true to the words of the sages. It is actually hard to say whether philosophy is the base camp at the bottom of science or the highest peak of science. It is not philosophy that studies the abstract relationship between all objects, but science, especially mathematics, is generally recognized. Philosophers often use logical methods and mathematical thinking methods to demonstrate philosophical issues, and mathematics has become the queen of science. The truth of mathematics is also reflected in its rigorous logic, as the saying goes, there is no logic and no mathematics. This also explains why most of the mathematicians in ancient Greece were philosophers. Ancient Greek philosophy and even Western philosophy were all based on rigorous logical deductive reasoning. For a long time, scientists and engineers in the East and the West have looked up to the sky, kept their feet on the ground, and worked steadily. More and more disciplines were born. In modern times, science, technology and engineering have gradually occupied the territory of philosophy. The universe has been replaced by astrophysics. Philosophy Atomism is replaced by material science, physics and chemistry; logic is replaced by mathematics; consciousness and mind are replaced by theology, religion, life science and anthropology; Sociology and sociology are replaced, philosophy departments in universities are almost replaced by political departments or humanities colleges, and intelligence is replaced by thinking science, neuroscience, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. So far, no discipline seems to be waiting for philosophy to summarize and summarize it. As a result, the old philosophy was old, Hawking even said that "philosophy is dead", just like an onion, after being peeled off layer by layer, the inside is empty. Some people have to say that philosophy is ruled by doing nothing. , philosophy seems to have become a kind of belief. It can be said that philosophy is still the forerunner of science, but there are not many things that can "lead". In short, the development of science has made people no longer mysterious and worship philosophy, but artificial intelligence needs the enlightenment of philosophy, how to learn from knowledge, so that intelligent machines can extend people's desire for intelligence and enhance imagination. Human interaction, teaching machines to learn, training machines to think, makes the cognition of the machine align with human imagination and mission, and cognition can grow on its own.
3. Philosophy reflects the human desire for knowledge, endless cognition leads to endless creation
Nature endows human beings with more desire than wisdom, which is forced by natural selection, survival of the fittest, and natural evolution in the process of survival and reproduction of human beings [4], "seeking knowledge", "seeking truth" and "seeking beauty" are Innate human desires. When human beings question everything in the world, thoughts arise; when human beings question and reflect on their own thoughts, philosophy arises. I think, therefore I am, and thinking is me.
1. Natural evolution has laid the biological foundation for the rich imagination of human beings
Natural evolution did not take too much care of human beings, so how did human beings suddenly gain global supremacy in such a short period of time? See how ospreys catch fish, how bees build nests, how ant colonies dig holes, how spiders weave webs, how tigers move and catch, how chimpanzees create and use tools, and their embodied intelligence is amazing to humans . Compared with other biological intelligences, the human eye can only see visible light, and the human ear cannot hear ultrasonic waves. The ability of pets to recognize their owners may also exceed that of their owners. The essence of natural evolution is the diversity of species. So, what is so special about human evolution?
After tens of thousands of years of human evolution, during the evolution from early reptiles to upright walking apes, humans liberated their hands and learned to make tools and perform labor. Compared with other creatures, humans have a pair of dexterous hands and create Secondly, human vocal cord pronunciation and cochlear hearing are exquisite and magical, and they have strong language ability, and can distinguish who is speaking with complex and exquisite sounds; more importantly, human beings have complex brains, first of all The brainstem part, it is the core of the whole body regulation, and it is conscious. When it evolves into a mammal, it has emotions. On the basis of the consciousness area and the emotion area, the outer cortex of the brain grows suddenly, with a volume of about 300 cm3 and a surface area of 2200 —2850 cm2, containing nearly 100 billion active nerve cells[5], which naturally evolved the memory ability of the human brain, time is the cornerstone of human cognition, and human beings have the biological basis of rich imagination and creativity—hard structure . There are only 3 billion base pairs in human genes. Genes determine the connection rules or patterns of neurons, and do not specify the connection strength of neurons. However, there are about 86 billion neurons in the human brain, and no neuron is alone. The average Each neuron has around 1,000 connections, so genes cannot fully specify how and how strong each neuron is connected. The evolution of the above three aspects has left room for acquired language learning, imagination development and reshaping of human beings, creating many soft structures. Compared with other organisms, natural selection, natural selection, and survival of the fittest have formed a complex and exquisite human brain. The price is that it takes a long time to evolve, and it is the replacement of generations with life and death for thousands of years. The abstraction, association and interaction abilities in "seeking knowledge", "seeking truth" and "seeking beauty" come from the imitation in the evolution of early humans, especially the cerebral cortex that relies on violent growth. Gradually, human imagination becomes more and more developed, becoming The unique embodied intelligence of human beings is separated from the characteristics of living organisms such as consciousness, and extends to exist independently outside the body, expanding into artificial intelligence [6].
2. Imagination comes from the ability of abstraction, association and interaction in the thinking process
In the process of human evolution, the earliest body language and imitation learning are image thinking, often expressed in the form of visual and auditory interactive cognition. More importantly, the memory ability of the human brain has evolved naturally. Various simple or complex graphics, characters and symbols created by humans can become long-term memories in the human brain through learning, abstraction, association and interaction. become the core of thinking. Therefore, in the cognitive space, logical thinking can be accomplished through computational intelligence and memory intelligence, which is also what we often call "rational spirit"; in the physical space, embodied interaction can be realized through perceptual intelligence and behavioral intelligence. There is a constant cycle between physical space and cognitive space. In physical space, it includes two important perceptions, that is, space-time recognition and pattern recognition. Space-time recognition represents position, navigation and time synchronization; pattern recognition includes target recognition, face recognition, etc., which is direct perception. Learning is the ability to explain and solve pre-set problems. Preset problems are a subset of real problems, which are recognized. When the problems are solved, knowledge is formed, formalized, and passed on from generation to generation through education. Machines can accept instruction to learn, and can also learn independently. Turning the unknown into the knowable is the basis for explaining and solving new problems. Explaining and solving real problems is the purpose of learning, and the two promote each other. Only after the pre-set problems are explained and solved, the ability to solve and explain real problems will be enhanced. Therefore, to solve the four problems of "where", "how", "why" and "what", the cognitive space is not only a storehouse of memory knowledge , is the sky to let your imagination fly.
Looking back at the tools invented by humans in the Stone Age and the farming age, there are substances and structures in them, and the structures are directly parasitic on the substances to form hard structures. The human abstraction ability is to discard the dross and select the essential, discard the false and keep the true, making it general and universal, forming the abstraction of people in the cognitive space. For example, we can easily recognize the different letter structures A written by different people on paper, and use the referential concept "chair" in the cognitive space to exhaust the physical chair that exists in the physical space. Without matter, structures cannot exist independently in physical space. It takes hundreds of thousands of years to turn primitive stones into today's knives, and the structure and matter of physical space are inseparable. It can be seen that hard structures must not be simply equated with matter. The structure parasitic on matter is indispensable, and it is the embodiment of human's unique imagination. The tools in the farming era are not machines, let alone life. Human beings use them to extend their physical strength.
In the industrial age, the "energy" element was added to the machine. Matter, structure and energy constitute the "Three Elements Theory of Power Machines". Structures parasitize directly on matter and energy, forming hard structures, and energy makes them move. For example, in 1657, the Dutch watchmaker Koster created the first pendulum clock, which relied on matter, energy and structure to maintain its operation. In the industrial age, human beings borrow power machines to extend or expand human physical strength, and human beings become very powerful, but machines cannot think. Machines in the intelligent age are different. We propose the "four elements of cognition theory" in the intelligent age. On the basis of matter, energy, and structure, a new element is added: time. Time is not an objective existence in the physical world. There is no absolute time in the universe. The neuron organization of the human brain lays the biological foundation for forming memories of different durations. Humans themselves invented the concept of time [7].
Machine cognition and human cognition are isomorphic. There are matter, energy, structure and time in the human body and in the machine. Matter and energy are the real existence at the physical level, and structure and time are abstract thinking at the cognitive level. Structure is used to express the topological shape and deformation of matter in space, and time is used to express the movement and change of matter, as well as the flow and transmission of energy. The universe There is no time in the world, and people subjectively define a year as the earth's revolution around the sun. There are only movements and changes in the universe, and there is no absolute time. The structure and time are parasitic on matter and energy to form a hard structure. The information in the machine is a large number of soft structures, just like the thinking and spirit of people in the cognitive space. , they are parasitic on the hard structure or other existing soft structures, and can guide themselves, that is, bootstrapping, and can reuse themselves, that is, recursion. Time allows the machine to have an order of activities, so that with thoughts, thinking can "activate". The order of machines shows the ability to maintain itself and produce orderly events, both cognitively and behaviorally.
3. Self-growth of machine cognition
If you ignore the mechanism of cognitive machines that can interact, learn, and grow by themselves, you will lose the most important key to understanding cognitive machines. The human brain uses three memory partitions to express memories of different time intervals. The incompatibility principle of memory leads to the division of labor in memory regions, leading to abstraction and association. Abstraction brings classification or clustering. Association brings analogy or migration. Human beings through abstraction And Lenovo understands the past and present and imagines the future. Otherwise, human beings would not have the concept of time, and would have no history and civilization, and could only live in the present forever like many other creatures. Memories precede computation and constrain computation. Human thinking and machine thinking, mathematics isomorphism, and physics are of the same origin, all rely on negative entropy for a living. In the final analysis, energy is used to realize iteration and recursion, thinking can be bootstrapped, and cognition is iteratively increased and recursively executed [5].
Therefore, the four-element machine can be used as a carrier of thinking. There are matter, energy, structure and time in the machine, clock depends on energy, time depends on clock, and order depends on time. The soft structure is parasitic on the hard structure, the machine bootstraps to realize the automation of thinking, and the self-reuse realizes the self-growth of cognition. The operation of the machine depends on the program, the program depends on the timing, the software depends on the interaction, the timing and the interaction generate negative entropy, and the machine relies on negative entropy for a living. A cognitive machine consists of four elements: matter, energy, structure, and time. The structure and time are parasitic on the matter and energy of the physical space, forming a hard structure; the soft structure in the cognitive space is parasitic on the hard structure or other existing soft structures, which is hierarchical and constitutes a rich structure. , Multi-scale concepts, news, information and knowledge, through association, can form analogies, and can also be verified in physical space. For example, every expression in our daily conversations is an association, and the thinking keeps jumping, removing any irrelevant surface details, abstracting the essence of the structure—soft structure, and making connections or analogies. This is the mystery of thinking , thinking is me.
4. Artificial intelligence should use human wisdom to boost the imagination of machines
demystify the human spirit
Both human cognition and machine cognition rely on negative entropy to maintain order. The cognitive machine has perception, cognition, behavior, interaction, learning, and self-growth. Only memory can maintain the continuity of cognition. Computing is not the only activity of cognition, and memory takes priority over computing. A cognitive machine can be implanted with a hard structure that embodies the natural evolution of the "children's cognitive core", on which there are abundant, multi-scale soft structures that form thinking, and the order of the machine shows that it maintains itself and The ability to generate orderly events, use soft structures to precisely control matter and energy, work collaboratively and orderly, realize the control of the machine's embodied behavior through interaction, and normalize the cognitive machine according to the requirements of jobs in specific fields. Diverse Turing tests and training, self-programming, self-correction, self-improvement, release and expand human intelligence in interaction and iteration. On the one hand, the speed of the sensors and thinking configured by the cognitive machine will no longer be limited by the extreme values of the biochemical parameters of the living body. Violent calculation and violent thinking will be performed through multi-channel cross-modal perception. On the other hand, humans have rich imagination and creativity, and can control machines to achieve mission alignment through real-time interaction. Cognitive machines have no consciousness. People need to use human intelligence, machines use machine intelligence, and use memory to constrain Computation, each with its own wisdom, the wisdom of Homo sapiens, inclusive, perfect multi-cognition. Human intelligence and machine intelligence complement each other, forming an iterative intelligence at a supernatural evolutionary speed, which also partially eliminates the mystery of human spirit, especially human beings’ concerns about machine consciousness. Human beings use cognitive machines to extend or expand human beings. It is time for human beings to answer the question of how cognitive machines can create new thinking.
Humans have invented cognitive machines to communicate with us. Artificial intelligence assists people in mathematical proof, engineering design and text writing. For example, a series of office tools such as Word, PowerPoint, and EXCEL are used to assist people in generating various documents. We have become accustomed to it. , Now is the time for artificial intelligence to assist people in content generation, such as ChatGPT. GPT can be automatically converted between a series of intellectual tools such as WORD, PowerPoint, and EXCEL, and iterative development has greatly released and expanded human mental work.
The rapid development of artificial intelligence is profoundly changing the way of production, life and thinking of human beings. No subject needs to deal with philosophy more than artificial intelligence. In the past, artificial intelligence scholars dismissed the criticisms about consciousness and existence from the philosophical circles, thinking that they were just some layman's words, which were not painful. Artificial intelligence studies the separation of intelligence and consciousness, the formalization of cognition, the basic mode of thinking, and the self-growth of intelligence. Cognitive machines can have self-correcting intelligence, but they have no self-reflection consciousness. For example, Turing asked "Can machines think?" He wanted to use machines to replace human thinking. Feng Youlan said in the introduction to the book "A New History of Chinese Philosophy": "Philosophy is the reflection of the human spirit, and conversely takes oneself as the object to think about it." [8] That is to say, philosophy is the study of how people reflect on themselves, that is To know your own thinking, as long as the higher level of thinking or cognition (thinking thinking, cognition cognition) is clear, you can create a thinking machine, which is what you are currently working on. A new generation of artificial intelligence: develop interactive, learning, and self-growth cognitive machines. Before humans can explain how inorganic matter spontaneously transforms into life, robots are personified and anthropomorphic, and they are forced to give machines consciousness, emotion, belief, life and moral requirements. Discuss whether machines will lie and whether they have their own confusion , understand poetry, beauty, romance and love, it can only be human beings who are passionate.
The soul torture "Who am I" once carried out on the ship of Theseus[9] is like hoping that the sculpture will come alive, which is just human beings asking for trouble. The ship structure is parasitic on the material, and the formed ship of Theseus is a hard structure, a means of transportation composed of two elements, and is no longer a pile of pure material materials. The tools need to be repaired to prevent aging. If a diesel or gasoline engine, or even nuclear power is installed on the ship to form a machine composed of three elements of matter, energy, and structure, the ship of Theseus can greatly release and expand human physical strength when sailing, but this Theseus Sri Lanka still has no thinking ability, and does not know where to go next, because there is no time in the machine. If there is a clock and time on the boat, with the four elements of matter, energy, structure and time, and the ability to perceive the surrounding environment, with positioning sensors, and software components such as a machine driving brain, the boat will become a thinking boat. A machine that can think about what to do next, has the ability to abstract, associate and interact, and can automatically reach the destination, this unmanned ship of Theseus has intelligence. Even with intelligence that can interact, learn, and self-correct, and achieve self-growth of cognition, it still does not have the consciousness of self-reflection. It is not an artificial life, and there is no need to torture its soul. Like ChatGPT sending out soul torture, they are all unconscious.
2. Negatives are more universal than positives
No matter which discipline, the inquisition of any academic conclusion will eventually come down to some unprovable and most basic assumptions, that is, axioms serve as frameworks or boundaries to ensure self-consistency. Axioms are usually obvious, intuitive assumptions that are the bedrock of the discipline. That is to say, the truth of a subject is relative, and the wider the boundary, the more universal the truth. The natural world we want to recognize does not exist quietly, immutably, and truly, but is generating, moving, changing, disappearing, and transforming. Therefore, Gödel's incompleteness theorem[10] has a special contribution to philosophy, it tells us that negation is more universal than affirmation, the limitation or incompleteness of human cognition, the incompleteness of all formal systems, Necessity stems from the incompleteness of its creator. Any professional discipline, be it mathematics, poetry, or music, requires natural language as its background language. The natural language used by human beings for thinking may not be strictly self-consistent, but weakly unified, even if it is a split-brain. Natural language is the carrier of human thinking and the metalanguage of all subject languages, including mathematics. Natural language is not complete, has no clear boundaries, and has uncertainties in context, pragmatics, grammar and semantics. Perhaps one day, the boundaries of the entire science will be set according to philosophy, and no discipline needs to deal with philosophy more than artificial intelligence, and keep pace with the times and use natural language to expand the boundaries of human cognition, and integrate what people have generally recognized The normalization of conversational Turing tests, and the normalization of embodied Turing tests, such as driverless cars. This is the age of intelligence we live in.
Philosophy is anthropology and wisdom. The three views that people often say, cosmology is astrophysics, vast planets, interaction, can be recognized; life view is natural evolution, natural selection, survival of the fittest; value is human society, I am for everyone, everyone For me, human rights are equal and destiny is shared. The Three Views are faith, not science. Some people may have doubts, since all mathematical conclusions are based on unprovable axioms, does that mean that mathematics is not a science, but a kind of belief? Mathematics is undoubtedly a science. Mathematics realizes from the perspective of philosophy that rigorous reasoning must be based on more basic conclusions, and these conclusions should be proven or axiomatically correct. Some basic axioms in mathematics are the solid foundation of the mathematical edifice. It is naturally a kind of belief to admit the unprovable axiom system. Mathematics pursues the truth under the given axiom system, constantly reveals new relationships, explores new problems, and finds new solutions. In a sense, this is a kind of belief, just as many scientists firmly believe that this vast universe can be known and explained. This is also a belief that cannot be proven [11].
Philosophy touches the soul, knowing that we still don’t know, it arouses the human desire for knowledge, embodies the human civilization precipitated in the atmosphere of doubt and criticism, and becomes ecology and belief. The connotation of philosophy is often endowed by people. It is not fixed, so there are too many genres, each knows its own, it is difficult to unify, and there is no need to unify. The five-year World Conference on Philosophy always talks about different things, and most of them add attributives before "philosophy", such as Marxist philosophy, Wittgenstein's philosophy, philosophy of language, analytical philosophy, systematic philosophy, engineering philosophy, artificial intelligence, etc. Philosophy, Eastern philosophy, etc., are very divergent, and are the interaction of hard and soft structures in the cognitive spiral. It is much more difficult for different schools of philosophy to converge and converge than science. The value of philosophy lies not in reaching a consensus, but in providing human beings with the freedom to explore and multiple thinking. Natural evolution has created human beings’ ability to abstract, associate and interact. The root of human imagination, endless cognition leads to endless imagination, endless imagination leads to endless creation, theologians create gods to rule the universe, philosophers use philosophy to enlighten people's thinking, mathematicians invent mathematics to explain the world, artificial intelligence scientists Stripping away the consciousness of life, inventing machine intelligence, and trying to penetrate into the power machine, the artist uses his works to inspire the truth, goodness and beauty of human beings, all of which are human imagination and creation, which cannot be accommodated on a small earth.
4 million years of human evolution have formed genetic advantages, freed from barbarism, and invented tools; 3 million years, humans have developed language advantages; 6,000 years ago, humans invented writing and education, forming cultural civilization advantages, which became the first cognitive revolution; the last 500 years Utilizing matter and energy, inventing machines, forming technological advantages, liberating human physical strength, greatly expanding the physical space of human activities, has become the second cognitive revolution; in the past 100 years, more sensors and intelligent machines have been invented, liberating human beings. Intelligence, forming an intelligence advantage, and human beings have entered the third cognitive revolution [12]. Matter, energy, structure, and time are the four core elements of human cognition, and they are also the four core elements of machine cognition. More soft structures are added to the cognitive machine.
The history of human cognition is the history of the relentless pursuit of cognitive certainty and the appearance of cognitive uncertainty from time to time, driven by longing [13]. The human species has been evolving for a long time in the universe from generation to generation. Of course, it cannot be changed by the subjective efforts of a certain generation or several generations, and it is difficult to predict, change and determine its own evolutionary direction. Human civilization, which has already occurred and continues to promote the agricultural revolution, industrial revolution and cognitive revolution, they develop in parallel, one after another, the tools invented by humans in the Stone Age and the farming age are not machines; the machines invented by humans in the era of industrial revolution, We don’t know how to think yet; today we can invent cognitive machines that can interact, learn, and grow on their own. The iterative development of human intelligence and artificial intelligence has enabled human beings to evolve from barbarism to civilization at a supernatural speed, from "foragers" to "planters", "laborers" and "builders". Jump to "Creator".
A long-standing dream of mankind is to use machines to replace and extend human physical and mental power, expand human physical and intelligence, be invincible in the world, and fearless of saints. This is the age of intelligence we live in. The development of human civilization and philosophy should allow people to use their human intelligence, and machines to use their intelligence, to share their wisdom with each other, use human intelligence to cultivate the imagination and creativity of machines, and use the results of violent thinking of machines to feed back Humans, iterative development.
references
[1]WC Dampier. History of Science and Its Relationship with Philosophy and Religion. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press, 2009:3.
[2] Stavrianos. Global History. Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, 1999.
[3] Wu Jun. The Light of Civilization. Beijing: People's Posts and Telecommunications Press, 2015.
[4] Charles Darwin. The Origin of Species. Beijing: New Star Publishing House, 2020.
[5] Zhao Nanyuan. Cognitive Science and General Evolutionary Theory. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1994.
[6] Li Deyi. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 2018:
[7] Li Deyi. How Machines Cognition Like Humans: The Life View of Machines. Communication of China Computer Federation, 2022, 18 (10): 11-14.
[8] Feng Youlan. A New History of Chinese Philosophy. Beijing: China Pictorial Publishing House, 2020.
[9] Plato. Utopia. Translated by Guo Binhe and Zhang Zhuming. Beijing: Commercial Press, 2002: 595–599. [10] Edited by Zhu Shuilin. Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem. Shenyang: Liaoning Education Press, 1987.
[11] Albert Einstein. Collected Works of Einstein (Three Volumes). Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2010. [12] Janet Oss, Gordon Dryden. The Revolution of Learning. Shanghai: Shanghai Joint Publishing House, 1998. [13] Li Deyi. Artificial Intelligence with Uncertainty. 2nd Edition. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2014.
Dry goods learning, like three times ↓