Introduction
OpenStackIt is an open source cloud computing platform that provides a rich set of components and tools for building and managing private or public cloud environments. In this blog, we will delve into all aspects of OpenStack operation and maintenance, including installation, configuration, and troubleshooting of common problems.
Install and configure
Step 1: Environment preparation
Before we start installing OpenStack, we need to prepare the environment required to run OpenStack. Make sure your server meets the following requirements:
- OS: Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS
- Hardware requirements: at least 8GB memory, 100GB disk space, dual-core CPU
Step 2: Install OpenStack
Installing the core components of OpenStack is a key step in deploying a private cloud environment. We will install the components of Nova, Neutron, Cinder, Swift and Glance one by one. The following are examples of install commands:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install -y python3-dev python3-pip
$ sudo pip3 install python-openstackclient
$ sudo apt install -y nova-api nova-conductor nova-consoleauth nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler nova-placement-api
$ sudo apt install -y neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent
$ sudo apt install -y cinder-api cinder-scheduler
$ sudo apt install -y swift swift-proxy swift-account swift-container swift-object
$ sudo apt install -y glance
Step 3: Configure OpenStack
After completing the installation of OpenStack, we need to configure each component. Here are some examples of important configuration files:
/etc/nova/nova.conf
[DEFAULT]
enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:password@controller
my_ip = <controller_ip>
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:password@controller/nova
[api]
auth_strategy = keystone
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = password
/etc/neutron/neutron.conf
[DEFAULT]
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = router
auth_strategy = keystone
allow_overlapping_ips = True
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:password@controller
notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = True
notify_nova_on_port_data_changes = True
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:password@controller/neutron
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = password
Step 4: Start the service
After completing the configuration, we can start the various services of OpenStack. The following are examples of start commands:
$ sudo systemctl start nova-api.service nova-consoleauth.service nova-scheduler.service nova-conductor.service
$ sudo systemctl enable nova-api.service nova-consoleauth.service nova-scheduler.service nova-conductor.service
$ sudo systemctl start neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service
$ sudo systemctl enable neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service
$ sudo systemctl start cinder-api.service cinder-scheduler.service
$ sudo systemctl enable cinder-api.service cinder-scheduler.service
$ sudo systemctl start swift-proxy.service swift-account.service swift-container.service swift-object.service
$ sudo systemctl enable swift-proxy.service swift-account.service swift-container.service swift-object.service
$ sudo systemctl start glance-api.service glance-registry.service
$ sudo systemctl enable glance-api.service glance-registry.service
FAQ
In the process of OpenStack operation and maintenance, we may encounter some common problems. Here are two examples of common problems and how to fix them:
Problem 1: Cannot access the Horizon control panel
If you are unable to access the Horizon Dashboard, check the following configurations:
- Check the configuration files of Nova and Neutron to ensure that parameters such as auth_url, username, and password are configured correctly.
- Check the Horizon configuration file, make sure the DEBUG parameter is set to False, and configure ALLOWED_HOSTS.
Problem 2: Unable to create a virtual machine instance
If you are unable to create a virtual machine instance, try the following workarounds:
- Check the configuration file of Nova to ensure that parameters such as compute_driver, image_service and network_api_class are configured correctly.
- Check Neutron's configuration file to make sure the core_plugin and service_plugins parameters are configured correctly.
in conclusion
OpenStack is a powerful cloud computing platform that provides a wealth of components and tools for building and managing cloud environments. This blog introduces in detail the installation, configuration and solutions to common problems of OpenStack.
I hope this blog can help you better understand and use OpenStack! If you have any questions or suggestions about this blog, please feel free to leave a comment.