Install Ubuntu Desktop system on PVE virtualization platform

1. Introduction to Ubuntu

1.1 Introduction to Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a desktop application-based operating system based on Debian Linux. It covers word processing, email, software development tools and Web services, etc. It is free for users to download, use and share.

1.2 Ubuntu version

The Ubuntu distribution mainly provides the following versions:

• Ubuntu Desktop: A major release for desktop computers.
• Ubuntu Server: The version suitable for servers.

1.3 ubuntu naming rules

• ubuntu naming rules: the first two digits are the last two digits of the year of release, the last two digits are the month of release, separated by an English decimal point. LTS means long-term support version, which means that ubuntu will maintain and update this version within a certain period of time.

• Ubuntu releases a non-LTS version every six months, an LTS version every two years, and each LTS has a 5-year maintenance period.

• Ubuntu also has a code name, naming its own versions in alphabetical order. Each version of the code name is composed of two words, the first word is the animal name in alphabetical order, and the second word is the adjective in alphabetical order. For example, the code name of Ubuntu 20.04 is "Focal Fossa", where "Focal" is an adjective and "Fossa" is an animal name.

Command example:

• 18.04 LTS: Bionic Beaver
• 16.04 LTS: Xenial Xerus (Exotic Squirrel)
• 14.04 LTS: Trusty Tahr
• 12.04 LTS: Precise Pangolin

2. Upload the image to PVE

2.1 Check the PVE environment

Log in to access the PVE platform, and check the status of the PVE environment is normal.

2.2 Upload image to PVE

Upload the ubuntu-23.04-desktop-amd64.iso image file to the PVE storage.

3. Create a new virtual machine

3.1 Set the virtual machine name

Set the virtual machine name Ubuntu-Desktop

3.2 Operating system settings

Select the image storage location and select the ISO image ubuntu-23.04-desktop-amd64.iso.

3.3 System Settings

Just select the default configuration.

3.4 Disk Settings

Select storage, and set the disk size according to your needs. Here, set the size to 300G, and the rest are default, and you can go to the next step.

3.5 cpu settings

According to the machine configuration and your own needs to customize the settings, set the cpu2 cores here.

3.6 Memory Settings

You can set the memory size according to your own needs, here choose to set 4G.

3.7 Network settings

The default configuration is fine.

3.8 Confirm the virtual machine configuration information

Check the configuration information of the virtual machine and confirm to create a new virtual machine.

4. Install Ubuntu Desktop

4.1 Turn on the virtual machine

Open the newly created virtual machine and enter the console interface.

4.2 Select the installation system

Choose the first option to install ubuntu.

4.2 Select language

Choose Simplified Chinese.

4.3 choose to install ubuntu

Choose to install ubuntu

4.4 Keyboard Layout Settings

Choose Chinese.

4.5 Connect to the Internet

Use a wired connection to the Internet.

4.6 Application installation

Select normal installation, other options can be selected according to needs, all are checked here.

4.7 Manual Partitioning

Choose manual partitioning and partition according to your own needs. The disk partitioning of the root windows is similar, and the root partition should be as large as possible.

4.8 Select time zone

Prepare to install the system, select the Shanghai time zone.

4.9 Setting up an account

Set computer information, user name custom settings can be.

4.10 Start to install the system

Start to install the system and wait for the system to be installed.

Five, the basic use of Ubuntu Desktop

5.1 Enter the local console

After the installation is complete, restart the virtual machine as prompted to enter the system.

5.2 Open the command line terminal

Open the command line terminal

5.3 Open the browser

Open the Firefox browser and visit the webpage.

5.4 Open LibreOffice Writer

The LibreOffice suite is a popular alternative free office suite that includes products for documents, spreadsheets, presentations, computing, and more. Among them, LibreOffice Writer is an extensive office document tool. It has many top features like traditional font manager, font customizer, headers, margins, etc. Its user interface is very similar to other office products.

5.5 View local IP address

Check the local IP address

5.6 Change root password

In the command line terminal, change the root password

$sudo -i
$sudo passwd root #然后两次输入密码和确认密码即可修改成功