Linux - from zero to proficient

Table of contents

Foreword:

1. Introduction to Linux

2. Linux basic commands

3. Links and articles from zero to actual combat

Basic information introduction

The birth, development and growth of the Linux operating system has always rested on five important pillars:

desktop environment

Why Linux Symbolizes Penguins

Naming and Pronunciation

Foreword:

This article combines all from zero to proficient Linux is a free and open source operating system, which is based on the design principles and ideas of Unix. Linux is widely used in various fields such as servers, supercomputers, mobile devices and embedded systems. Compared with other operating systems, the advantages of Linux mainly lie in its stability, reliability, security, flexibility and high degree of customization. In addition, the open source model of Linux also promotes the cooperation of developers, realizes code sharing and technical mutual assistance, and provides great convenience for development work in various fields.

1. Introduction to Linux

Linux, the full name of GNU/Linux, is a set of free-to-use and freely disseminated UNIX-like operating systems. Its kernel was first released by Linus Benedict Torvalds in 1991. It is mainly influenced by Minix. Inspired by Unix ideas, it is a multi-user, multi-task, multi-thread and multi-CPU operating system based on POSIX and Unix.
It can run major Unix utilities, applications and network protocols. It supports 32-bit and 64-bit hardware. Linux inherits Unix's network-centric design idea and is a multi-user network operating system with stable performance. There are hundreds of different distributions of Linux, such as debian and archlinux based on community development, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE, oracle linux based on commercial development.

2. Linux basic commands

ctrl+L: clear screen ctrl+C: interrupt/cancel execution

history: View historical commands (!: calls)

1. Check the kernel version information: uname -r

2. Check the CPU: cat /proc/cpuinfo

3. View memory: cat /proc/meminfo

4. Check the host name: hostname

5. Check the IP address: ifconfig / ip a

6. Shutdown: shutdown -h now / poweroff / init 0

7. Reboot: shutdown -r now /reboot / init 6

8. Delay shutdown/restart:

"shutdown -h/-r +time"

3. Links and articles from zero to actual combat

http://t.csdn.cn/7oUZY This article introduces installation and service in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/VzFej This article introduces the operating system and installation in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/3p3H2 This article introduces the common commands of linux in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/p0Mnh This article introduces file management and compression methods in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/87Uj5 This article introduces the installation and application in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/ZyV2b This article introduces account and authority management in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/lglnlThis article introduces the disk partition in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/4Y0Kg This article introduces the process and planned tasks in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/SLygA This article introduces the analysis and troubleshooting in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/v3I31 This article introduces the network settings in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/lyJaZ This article introduces file sharing in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/laqpP This article introduces DNS domain name resolution in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/jFni6 This article introduces the VMware installation of CentOS7 in detail
http://t.csdn.cn/HhgHn This article introduces in detail the connection of CentOS to Xshell7
http://t.csdn.cn/B0E6j This article introduces the cognitive Linux in detail

Basic information introduction

Foreign name: Linux Category: Operating system
Created: October 5, 1991 Founder: Linus Torvalds
Distribution: Debian, RedHat, Slackware, etc.
Features: open source, reliable, safe, stable, multi-platform

The birth, development and growth of the Linux operating system has always rested on five important pillars:

The UNIX operating system, the MINIX operating system, the GNU project, the POSIX standard, and the Internet.

desktop environment

In graphical computing, a desktop environment (sometimes called a desktop manager) provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for a computer. But strictly speaking there is a difference between a window manager and a desktop environment. The desktop environment is a recently developed desktop graphics environment. Its main goal is to provide a more complete interface and a large number of various integration tools and programs for the Linux/Unix operating system. Its basic ease of use attracts a large number of new users. The desktop environment name comes from the desktop analogy, corresponding to the early literal command-line interface (CLI). A typical desktop environment provides icons, windows, toolbars, folders, wallpapers, and capabilities like drag and drop. Overall, the design and functionality of a desktop environment give it a distinctive look and feel.

Why Linux Symbolizes Penguins

Tux (a penguin, the full name is tuxedo, the network ID of NCIT 90916P40 Joeing Youthy) is a symbol of Linux. The penguin as a Linux logo was proposed by Linus Torvalds .

Most people believe that the name "Tux" comes from Torvalds UniX, not because it looks like he is wearing a little black dress (tuxedo).

This penguin was selected in the Best Linux Icon Contest. Some other patterns can be found on the Linux Icon Contest website. The designer of Tux is Larry Ewing, who designed this penguin in 1996 using GIMP software.

Tux has become a symbol of the Linux and open source community.

Naming and Pronunciation

The Linux operating system was named FREAX by Linus Torvalds at the beginning. The English meaning is grotesque, monster, whimsical, etc. When he uploaded the new system to the FTP server, the administrator Ari Lemke didn't like the name very much, that is, he took Linus' homophonic Linux as the directory of the operating system, so it was called the Linux system.

The pronunciation of linux varies, and according to linux founder Linus Torvalds, the pronunciation of linux rhymes with "Minix". The "i" in "Li" is pronounced like the "i" in "Minix", and the "u" in "nux" is pronounced like the "o" in the English word "profess". According to the International Phonetic Alphabet, it should be /'linэks/ - similar to "Linux". However, since Linus Torvalds himself is Finnish , his Linux pronunciation is not /'linэks/, but /'liniks/.

Someone synthesized the pronunciation on the Internet and Linux itself, and summarized several pronunciations that they think are the most suitable and common: /li'n^ks/("Linax") or /'li:nэks/("Linux ks") or /li'nju:ks/ ("Li'nju:ks"). Anyone should understand these. As for which one is more authentic, of course it is the original sound of linux. But in fact, it seems that there are not a few people who use the reading method of linux.