What is Linux?
Linux is a free-to-use and freely disseminated Unix-like operating system. It is a multi-user, multi-task, multi-thread and multi-CPU operating system based on POSIX and UNIX. It can run major UNIX utilities, applications and network protocols. It supports 32-bit and 64-bit hardware. Linux inherits the network-centric design idea of Unix and is a multi-user network operating system with stable performance.
The Linux operating system was born on October 5, 1991 (this was the first time it was officially announced). There are many different versions of Linux, but they all use the Linux kernel. Linux can be installed in various computer hardware devices such as cell phones, tablets, routers, video game consoles, desktop computers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
Strictly speaking, the word Linux itself only refers to the Linux kernel, but in fact, people are used to using Linux to describe the entire Linux-based kernel, and the operating system that uses various tools and databases of the GNU Project.
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Key Features of Linux
basic idea
The basic idea of Linux has two points: first, everything is a file; second, every software has a definite purpose. The first one is that everything in the system boils down to a file, including commands, hardware and Software devices, operating systems, processes, etc. are all regarded as files with their own characteristics or types to the operating system kernel. As for the Linux is based on Unix, largely because the basic ideas of the two are very similar.
Completely free
Linux is a free operating system, users can obtain it for free through the Internet or other channels, and can modify its source code arbitrarily. This is something no other operating system can do. It is because of this that countless programmers from all over the world have participated in the modification and writing of Linux, and programmers can change it according to their own interests and inspiration, which makes Linux absorb the essence of countless programmers. , growing.
Fully compatible with the POSIX1.0 standard
, which makes it possible to run common DOS Windows programs through the corresponding emulator under Linux. This lays the foundation for users to switch from Windows to Linux. When many users think about the Linux they use, they think about whether the common programs in the previous Windows can run normally, which eliminates their doubts.
Multi-user, multi-task
Linux supports multi-user, each user has his own special rights to his own file device, which ensures that each user does not affect each other. Multitasking is one of the most important features of today's computers. Linux can make multiple programs run simultaneously and independently.
A good interface
Linux has both a character interface and a graphical interface. In the character interface, users can input corresponding commands through the keyboard to operate. It also provides a similar Windows graphical interface to the X-Window system, and users can use the mouse to operate it. In the environment of X-Window, it is similar to that in Windows. It can be said that it is a Linux version of the Windows operating system.
Supports multiple platforms
Linux can run on a variety of hardware platforms, such as platforms with processors such as x86, 680x0, SPARC, Alpha, etc. In addition, Linux is an embedded operating system that can run on handheld computers, set-top boxes or game consoles. The Linux 2.4 kernel released in January 2001 has been able to fully support the Intel 64-bit chip architecture. At the same time, Linux also supports multi-processor technology. Multiple processors work at the same time, which greatly improves the system performance.
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