The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) officially released the latest SQL standard, SQL:2023, on June 1, 2023.
The SQL standard is a public resource, but it's not free. The latest standard contains 11 parts, as follows:
- ISO/IEC 9075-1 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 1: Frameworks (SQL/Frameworks)
- ISO/IEC 9075-2 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 2: Fundamentals (SQL/fundamentals)
- ISO/IEC 9075-3 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 3: Call-level interface (SQL/CLI)
- ISO/IEC 9075-4 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 4: Persistent storage module (SQL/PSM)
- ISO/IEC 9075-9 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 9: External data management (SQL/MED)
- ISO/IEC 9075-10 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 10: Object language binding (SQL/OLB)
- ISO/IEC 9075-11 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 11: Summary of information and definitions (SQL/Schemata)
- ISO/IEC 9075-13 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 13: SQL procedures and types using the Java programming language (SQL/JRT)
- ISO/IEC 9075-14 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 14: XML-related specifications (SQL/XML)
- ISO/IEC 9075-15 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 15: Multidimensional arrays (SQL/MDA)
- ISO/IEC 9075-16 Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 16: Property graph query (SQL/PGQ)
In addition to enhancing the SQL language and JSON-related functions in the new version, the biggest change is the addition of Part 16, which is to directly provide the function of Graphical Query Language (GQL) in SQL.
In previous articles, we have introduced the new features in the SQL:2023 standard and PostgreSQL 16's support for new features .