1. What is jsonpath
● JsonPath is an information extraction class library, a tool for extracting specified information from JSON documents, and provides versions in multiple languages, including JavaScript, Python, PHP and Java.
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2. Features
● Can only extract data in JSON format
● The extracted data type is consistent with the original data type
3. Installation
pip install jsonpath
4. Common original characters
| original character |
describe |
| $ |
Represents the root element |
| @ |
current element |
| . or [] |
child element |
| .. |
Recursive search (regardless of the current path, search for eligible data) |
| * |
Wildcard, which means all elements |
| [] |
child element operator |
| [,] |
Support multiple selections in the iterator, multiple keys are separated by commas |
| [start：end：step] |
Array division operation, equivalent to slice |
| ?() |
apply filter expression |
Five, the use of common metacharacters
● test data
class_info = {"class_one": {"students": [{"name": "张一","sex": "男","age": 18,"height": 170.5},{"name": "张二","sex": "女","age": 20,"height": 160.5},{"name": "张三","sex": "男","age": 18,"height": 170.5},],"teacher": {"name": "李小二","sex": "男","age": 30,"height": 185.5,"teacher":"递归搜索测试"}}}
● $: root element
import jsonpath#获取根元素下所有数据，2种写法一样#.的作用等同于[]表示子元素result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info, '$.*')result2 = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info, '$[*]')print(result)print(result2)输出：[{'students': [{'name': '张一', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}, {'name': '张二', 'sex': '女', 'age': 20, 'height': 160.5}, {'name': '张三', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}], 'teacher': {'sex': '男', 'age': 30, 'height': 185.5, 'teacher': '递归搜索测试'}}]
● . or []: child element
import jsonpath
#.与[]作用相同后续就只写一个了
result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info, '$.class_one.students')
print(result)
result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info, '$[class_one][students]')
print(result)
输出：
[[{'name': '张一', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}, {'name': '张二', 'sex': '女', 'age': 20, 'height': 160.5}, {'name': '张三', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}]]● [,]: supports multiple selection in the iterator, multiple keys are separated by commas
import jsonpath
#递归查找包含teacher 或者 name的值
# ..：表示递归查找，可以搜索到该json下所有符合条件的数据
result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info, '$..[teacher,name]')
print(result)
输出：
[{'sex': '男', 'age': 30, 'height': 185.5, 'teacher': '递归搜索测试'}, '张一', '张二', '张三', '递归搜索测试']
#获取students下第0个和第2个元素
re = "$..students[0,2]"
result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info,re)
print(result)
输出：
[{'name': '张一', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}, {'name': '张三', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}]● [start:end:step]: array division operation, equivalent to slice, follow the principle of left-closed and right-open
import jsonpath#获取前2位学生的信息，支持下标运算，类似list通过下标取值一样result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info, '$.class_one.students[0:2]')print(result)输出：[{'name': '张一', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}, {'name': '张二', 'sex': '女', 'age': 20, 'height': 160.5}]
● ?(): apply filter expression
import jsonpath#找出年龄大于18的学生result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info, '$.class_one.students.[?(@.age>18)]')print(result)输出：[{'name': '张二', 'sex': '女', 'age': 20, 'height': 160.5}]
Six, filter expression
| original character |
describe |
| == |
Equal to sign, but number 1 is not equal to character 1 |
| != |
not equal to sign |
| < |
less than sign |
| <= |
less than or equal to sign |
| > |
more than the |
| >= |
greater than or equal to symbol |
| =~ |
Determine whether it matches the regular expression, such as [?(@.name =~ /foo.*?/i)] |
| in |
Belonging symbol: [?(@.name in['Zhang Er','Zhang San'])] |
| not in |
Exclude symbols: [?(@.name not in ['Zhang Er','Zhang San'])] |
| && |
Logical AND, for combining multiple filter expressions |
| II |
Logical OR, for combining multiple filter expressions |
Seven, the use of filter expressions
● ==: equal to
import jsonpath#下面几个比较的和这个一样就不写了#找出name==张三的学生result = "$.class_one.students.[?(@.name=='张三')]"print(result)输出：[{'name': '张三', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}]
● in: belongs to the symbol
import jsonpath
#获取name等于张二或者张三
re = "$.class_one.students.[?(@.name in ['张二','张三'])]"
result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info,re)
print(result)
输出：
[{'name': '张二', 'sex': '女', 'age': 20, 'height': 160.5}, {'name': '张三', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}]
#找出name为张二，张三的学生年龄
re = "$.class_one.students.[?(@.name in ['张二','张三'])].age"
result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info,re)
print(result)
输出：[20, 18]● &&: Logical AND, used to combine multiple filter expressions
import jsonpathre = "$..students[?(@.name=='张三' && @.age==18)]"result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info,re)print(result)输出：[{'name': '张三', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}]
● || Logical OR, used to combine multiple filter expressions
import jsonpath#获取name等于张三或者age等于18的学生re = "$..students[?(@.name=='张三' || @.age==18)]"result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info,re)print(result)输出：[{'name': '张一', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}, {'name': '张三', 'sex': '男', 'age': 18, 'height': 170.5}]
● not in : exclude symbols
import jsonpath#name不等于'张一','张三'的学生re = "$..students[?(@.name not in ['张一','张三'])]"result = jsonpath.jsonpath(class_info,re)print(result)输出：[{'name': '张二', 'sex': '女', 'age': 20, 'height': 160.5}]
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