Automation generally requires four steps: get elements, operate elements, get returned results, assert (whether the returned results are consistent with the expected results), and finally automatically generate a test report. Selenium provides 8 methods for locating elements: id, name, class name, link text, xpath, css selector, tag name, partial link tex.
These eight element positioning methods are expressed in python language as:
find_element_by_id()
find_element_by_name()
find_element_by_class_name()
find_element_by_tag_name()
find_element_by_link_text()
find_element_by_partial_link_text()
find_element_by_xpath()
find_element_by_css_selector()
Take Baidu's page as an example:
Open the Baidu homepage, as shown in Figure 1, click F12, click the arrow next to the viewer and slide the mouse to the Baidu search input box, click the input box, the blue mark below is the element attribute of the input box
<input id="kw" name="wd" class="s_ipt" value="" maxlength="255" autocomplete="off">
1. Locating elements by id
From Figure 1, you can see that the input box has an id attribute: id="kw", here you can locate this element through its id attribute, and transmit characters to the input box through send_keys().
2. Locate elements by class_name
From Figure 1, you can see that the input box has a class attribute: class="s_ipt", here you can locate this element through its class attribute, and transmit characters to the input box through send_keys().
3. Locate elements by name
From Figure 1, you can see that the input box has a name attribute: name="wd", here you can locate this element through its name attribute, and transmit characters to the input box through send_keys().
4. Locate elements by tag
From Figure 1, we can see that the input box has a tag (label) attribute: input, here you can locate this element through its tag attribute, and transmit characters to the input box through send_keys(). But tags are often not unique, so they are not commonly used in practical applications.
5. Locating elements by link_text
Use the locator, click the "News" button to locate the element, as shown in Figure 2.
<a href="http://news.baidu.com" name="tj_trnews" class="mnav">新闻</a>
You can see that "News" in Figure 2 has an href attribute of "http://news.baidu.com", which is a hyperlink, and this element can be located using link_text.
6. Locate elements by partial_link_text
If the link string is too long, all input will affect the beauty of the code and is prone to errors. At this time, partial_link_text can be used to fuzzy match and intercept a part of the string to locate the element. As shown in Figure 2, our positioning news can be written as follows.
7. Locating elements by xpath
The above six methods are all located through a certain attribute of the element, but if an element does not have the above attribute or the attribute is not unique, we can use xpath to locate the element.
Use the browser debugging function to locate the line where the element is located, right->Copy-->Copy XPath.
8. Locating elements through CSS selector
The CSS method and XPATH are completely different syntaxes. We first find the css of the search box through the locator.
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