Blockchain (Blockchain): It is a decentralized ledger. All transactions are recorded in blocks, and these blocks are connected together in sequence to form an immutable chain.
Cryptocurrency (Cryptocurrency): is a digital asset that uses encryption technology to protect its security and anonymity. Bitcoin and Ethereum are the most famous cryptocurrencies.
Smart Contract: A self-executing contract whose terms are written in code. Once the terms are agreed upon, the contract is executed automatically without any human intervention.
Miner: A person or computer responsible for validating transactions and adding new blocks to the blockchain. They are rewarded for completing a complex computational task.
Public Chain: It is an open blockchain that anyone can participate in, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Private Chain: It is a blockchain that only allows specific users or organizations to participate, such as a blockchain used within an enterprise.
DApp (Decentralized Application): It is an application built on the basis of blockchain technology, which is not controlled by a central server, and its data and operations are stored on the blockchain.
ICO (Initial Coin Offering): It is a fundraising method, usually used to finance blockchain and cryptocurrency projects, similar to the IPO of stocks.
Distributed Ledger Technology (Distributed Ledger Technology): is a technology that uses multiple nodes to jointly maintain records, usually used in blockchain.
Bitcoin (Bitcoin): is the first successful cryptocurrency that uses blockchain technology to record transactions.
Ethereum: is a decentralized computing platform that can be used to build smart contracts and decentralized applications.
Mining: Refers to the process of verifying transactions and creating new blocks in the blockchain. Mining involves performing complex calculations and solving mathematical puzzles for rewards in Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies.
Wallet: A software application used to store cryptocurrencies. It can store private keys, process cryptocurrency transactions, and provide balance inquiry functions.
Consensus Algorithm: is an algorithm used in a blockchain to build consensus among participants to ensure that all nodes agree on the current state and proofs.
Node (Node): It is a computer or device running in the blockchain network. They can verify transactions, store data, and participate in consensus algorithms.
Fork: refers to the splitting of a blockchain into two different chains. A hard fork results in a completely incompatible new chain, and a soft fork results in two mutually compatible chains.
Block Height: refers to the number of blocks in the current blockchain. There is a unique height value between each block, indicating its position in the chain.
Merkle Tree: It is a data structure, usually used for transaction verification in the blockchain. It can compress large amounts of data into a single hash for faster verification.
Encryption Algorithm: An algorithm for encrypting and decrypting data. In blockchain, encryption algorithms are used to protect data privacy and security.
Hyperledger: It is an open source blockchain platform developed by the Linux Foundation, aiming to provide secure, efficient and scalable blockchain solutions for enterprise applications.
IPFS (InterPlanetary File System): It is a decentralized file storage and sharing protocol that allows a single file to be transmitted and stored across multiple nodes or even a network.
Notary Node: In some blockchain systems (such as Komodo), a notary node is a node that maintains network security and performs block verification.
P2P (Peer-to-Peer): refers to a point-to-point connection system in which various computer systems can connect and communicate with each other.
PoW (Proof of Work): It is a consensus algorithm that requires a certain amount of work to verify transactions and create new blocks.
PoS (Proof of Stake): It is a consensus algorithm that requires verifiers to hold a certain amount of cryptocurrency in order to participate in verifying transactions and creating new blocks.
PoA (Proof of Authority): is a consensus algorithm that requires nodes to be authorized to verify transactions and create new blocks.
Inclusive Finance: In the blockchain industry, inclusive finance refers to an effort to allow more people to obtain financial services and security through the use of blockchain technology.
Decentralization: It means that in the blockchain, there is no single central organization or individual who controls all decisions and activities, but multiple nodes participate and control together.
DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology): An alternative term for blockchain, referring to distributed ledger technology.
Ubiquitous Access: Refers to people being able to access blockchain technology and applications anywhere, using any device.
Code Contract: On smart contract platforms such as Ethereum, the logic of smart contracts is implemented by code, which is used to ensure the security and transparency of transaction contracts.
Zero-Knowledge Proof: It is a technology in cryptography that can prove the correctness of a certain information without disclosing the information. Its applications include identity verification, confidential transactions, etc.
Sidechain: It is a means of transferring certain digital assets from one blockchain to another through blockchain technology, which solves the problem of interconnection between different blockchains.
Digital Identity: Blockchain can break the monopoly of centralized identity verification, users can store and keep personal information private, thus realizing decentralized digital identity verification.
Big Data: The distributed and decentralized structure of blockchain can better support the storage, management, processing and application of big data, and is the preferred solution for storing and protecting big data.
Smart Currency: It is a digital currency with greater flexibility and practicality due to its programmable and auto-executable contracts.
Secure Multi-party Computation (Secure Multi-party Computation): It is a technology that can perform computing tasks safely by multiple parties without revealing private data, so as to better protect data in blockchain applications.
Cryptoeconomics (Cryptoeconomics): It is a field that combines blockchain technology and economics research, aiming to solve the incentive design problem on the blockchain.
Data Privacy: As more and more people begin to pay attention to data privacy issues, the blockchain can realize data records that cannot be tampered with, thereby protecting the privacy of data.
De-regulation: refers to the removal of most centralized and intermediary supervision through blockchain technology, so that individuals and enterprises can better control their own data and rules, and bring more positive benefits to society and the economy. Impact.
Validator: It is a kind of participant in the blockchain system, responsible for verifying transactions, confirming the validity of blocks, and obtaining rewards for this.
Blockchain cloud service (Blockchain as a Service, BaaS): It is a blockchain service based on the cloud computing model, allowing users to quickly build their own blockchain applications, saving the cost and work of building the blockchain itself.
Security: It is a very important aspect of blockchain technology. The decentralized and distributed storage structure of blockchain greatly reduces security problems caused by single point of failure.
Transparency: It is an advantage of blockchain technology, all transactions are open and transparent. This allows anyone to view all information on the blockchain, ensuring transaction fairness and integrity.
Fast Transactions: Due to the high efficiency of blockchain technology, anyone can complete transactions in seconds without worrying about being cheated.
Security Tokens: A security created based on blockchain technology, whose ownership records and transaction records are on the blockchain and can be transferred safely.
Blockchain Interoperability: It means that different types of blockchains can connect and interact with each other, which strengthens the connection and communication between blockchains.
Contract Standard: A specification for contract programming and smart contracting developed and promoted by smart contract platforms such as Ethereum, with the purpose of providing standardized code and data formats for contract development and interaction.
Digital Certificate: It is a tool for transmitting digital information and data, which is very necessary for tasks such as blockchain identity verification and data verification.
Trustless: The decentralized structure of the blockchain makes it unnecessary for all participants to trust other people or institutions. In a trustless environment, data security and privacy are guaranteed, preventing unpredictable centralization risks.
Anti-counterfeiting and Traceability: Blockchain technology can realize anti-counterfeiting and traceability in commodities, medicines, food and other fields, so as to protect the rights and health of consumers.
Fair Competition: Blockchain technology can realize a fair competition environment, and all participants have the same opportunities, thereby protecting personal interests and maintaining fair competition in the market.
Trust Elimination: By adopting cryptography and mathematical principles, blockchain technology fundamentally solves the intermediary problem caused by trust and reduces the cost of multi-party cooperation.
Technology Neutrality: Blockchain technology has no limitations and is not fixed to any specific technology, so it has high flexibility and is easy to adapt to different application scenarios and technical environments.
Distributed Autonomous Organization (DAO, Decentralized Autonomous Organization): It is an organization and operating model established through blockchain technology and smart contracts, and its rules and decisions are jointly determined by all members.
Community: Much of the development of blockchain technology is inseparable from the contribution and promotion of the community, and the community is the core of the blockchain technology ecology.
Verifiable Computation: Verifiable computing based on blockchain technology means that anyone can verify the correctness of the calculation results without knowing the entire detailed process of the calculation.
Off-Chain Technology: In blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, off-chain technologies refer to technologies that do not directly use blockchains, such as state channels and lightning networks, to accelerate and reduce blockchain work.
Hot Topics: With the continuous expansion and deepening of blockchain technology and applications, a series of hot issues have arisen, such as security, privacy, supervision, etc., which require comprehensive attention and testing.
Disintermediation: The disintermediation feature of blockchain technology makes the interaction of data or goods no longer rely on third-party organizations or companies in this field, thus saving costs and intermediaries.
Blockchain Industrial Internet (Blockchain Industrial Internet): Combining blockchain technology with the Industrial Internet to realize the visualization and transparency of the production process, and to build reliable traces in the circulation link, so as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of production and consumers.
Blockchain Centralization: Although blockchain technology has many decentralization features, with the expansion of the blockchain scale, there are some centralization problems, such as the monopoly of some important nodes, computing power Concentrate etc.
Blockchain Education: With the widespread application of blockchain technology in enterprises and society, blockchain education is becoming increasingly important to promote talent training and social community building.
Blockchain Tourism: Due to the decentralization and transparency of blockchain technology, blockchain technology can be used to record tourism transactions and destination information to protect the rights and interests of tourists and tourism benefits.
Blockchain Charity (Blockchain Charity): Charity based on the power of blockchain, through blockchain technology to achieve donation and tracking effects, etc., to improve the transparency and credibility of public welfare activities
On-Chain Governance and Off-Chain Governance: On-Chain Governance refers to the way of decision-making and management within the blockchain network, while off-chain governance is carried out through external institutions or organizations decision making and management.
Prevent 51% attack (51% Attack): 51% attack means that the attacker controls more than 51% of the computing resources in the blockchain system, so that double-spending attacks can be carried out.
Node Organization: A node organization refers to a collection of nodes that provide services in a blockchain network. A node organization can be an organization, a country, or a collection of multiple organizations and countries.
Public Chain, Consortium Chain and Private Chain: A public chain refers to a blockchain system that is completely decentralized and open to all users, while a consortium chain refers to a system that is jointly managed by multiple organizations Private chain refers to a blockchain system that is managed and controlled by a single organization.
Centralization and decentralization: Centralization and decentralization are important concepts in blockchain technology. Centralization refers to a system controlled and managed by a central institution or organization, while decentralization refers to A system that is controlled and managed by no central institution or organization through a distributed network.
Blockchain Protocol: The blockchain protocol is a series of specifications and protocols that constrain the operation of the blockchain system, including consensus algorithms, transaction verification, etc.
ICO (Initial Coin Offering): ICO is a financing method based on blockchain technology. The promoters obtain funds by issuing tokens to support the development and operation of their projects.
DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization): DAO is an autonomous management organization based on blockchain technology. It is composed of a group of people who hold tokens, and uses token voting and smart contracts for organizational decision-making and operational management.
Traceability and Transparency: Traceability and transparency are important features of blockchain technology. Traceability means that the source and destination of transactions and data can be tracked through blockchain technology. Transparency It means that the data and transactions of the blockchain system can be disclosed and viewed, ensuring the fairness and credibility of the system.
Private Key and Public Key: Private key and public key are common terms in cryptography. The private key is a secret key used to sign and decrypt data, and the public key is the corresponding The public key used to verify and encrypt the signature.
Distributed Application (DApp): Distributed application is an application based on blockchain technology. Its data and code can be distributed on multiple nodes for storage and operation, which has a high degree of security and reliability.
Double-Spending Attack (Double-Spending Attack): Double-spending attack is an attack method in the blockchain, which refers to the situation where a user tries to spend the same digital asset twice to avoid paying to other users.
Seed: The seed is a random string generated by the blockchain wallet, which is used to independently generate its private key and public key.
Wallet: A wallet is a tool for storing and managing digital assets. Blockchain wallets can safely store users' private and public keys, and send and receive digital assets to other users.
Blockchain Technology (Blockchain Technology): Blockchain technology is a technology for building distributed and decentralized applications, which ensures data security and credibility through a variety of encryption algorithms and protocols.
Off-Chain Technology: Off-Chain Technology refers to technologies and solutions outside the blockchain, including data storage, data verification, computing, and more.
P2P (Peer-to-Peer): P2P is a peer-to-peer (Peer-to-Peer) network communication protocol, which is mostly used in distributed systems such as blockchain.
Federated Architecture: A federated architecture refers to an application architecture that is jointly managed and controlled by multiple organizations or entities.
Sharding: Sharding is a method of transaction processing in the blockchain system, which breaks down a large number of transactions into small blocks for processing, thereby increasing the transaction processing speed.
Configuration file: A configuration file is a collection of configuration options in a blockchain wallet or a blockchain node, including the wallet's seed phrase, the node's access address, and so on.
Merkle Tree (Merkle Tree): Merkle tree is a binary tree structure used to encrypt and verify data, and is widely used in the secure management and storage of data in blockchain technology.
Transaction Fee: Transaction fee is a fee in blockchain transactions, which is used to pay mining nodes and verification nodes and other nodes that provide verification and processing of transactions.
Timestamp: Timestamp refers to the timestamp recording of transactions for subsequent audit, traceability and verification.
Main Chain (MainChain) and Side Chain (SideChain): The main chain refers to the chain that initially starts the blockchain network, and the side chain is a chain connected to the main chain to add additional functions and scalability.
Proposal mechanism (Governance Mechanism): The proposal mechanism is a mechanism for managing and coordinating decision-making between nodes in the blockchain. By submitting different proposals to nodes for voting, subsequent operations and management procedures are determined.