1. Experiment name
Router static route configuration
2. The purpose of the experiment
Master the configuration methods and skills of static routing;
Master the connectivity of the network through static routing;
Familiar with the connection mode of WAN cables;
3. Experimental content and requirements
The school has two campuses, the old and the new, and each campus is an independent local area network. In order to enable the old and new campuses to communicate with each other normally and share resources. The exit of each campus is connected by a router, and the school has applied for a 2M DDN dedicated line for connection between the two routers. Proper configuration is required to achieve normal mutual access between the two campuses.
4. Experimental environment
1. PC with Windows 10 operating system
2. Packet Tracer version 6.2
Laboratory equipment:
2 PCs; 2 Router-PT expandable routers (Switch_2811 has no V.35 line interface); 2 Switch_2960; DCE serial cable; direct connection cable; crossover cable
5. Operation method and specific steps of the experiment (screenshot required)
Technical principle
A router is a network layer device that can select an optimal path based on the information in the IP packet header and forward the data packet. To achieve mutual access between hosts on different network segments. Routers select and forward routes based on routing tables. The routing table is composed of pieces of routing information.
There are two main methods for generating routing tables: manual configuration and dynamic configuration, that is, static routing protocol configuration and dynamic routing protocol configuration.
Static routing refers to the routing information manually configured by the network administrator.
In addition to the advantages of simplicity, efficiency, and reliability, static routing has another advantage of high network security and confidentiality.
Default routing can be regarded as a special case of static routing. When the data is searching the routing table and no routing table entry matching the target is found, a route is specified for the data.
Experimental procedure
1. Create a new packet tracer topology, as shown in Figure 1.
figure 1
The DCE serial cable is connected to Serial2/0 of Router0 and Router1, and the fa0/0 and Se2/0 interfaces of Router0 and Router1 are opened (set on) at the same time.
2. Set the gateway IP address of PC0 and PC1
PC0
IP: 192.168.1.2
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
PC1
IP: 192.168.2.2
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.2.1
Then use PC0 to ping PC1, at this time the ping fails, as shown in Figure 2
figure 2
3. Configure the IP address of the interface on Router0 and Router1 and the clock frequency on the serial port of Router0;
The configuration of R0 is shown in Figure 3
in
conf t
hostname R0
int does 0/0
//no shut //Open the interface, because it has been manually opened before, so this line can be omitted
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
exit
int serial 2/0
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000 (the clock must be configured to communicate)
//no shut
end
image 3
The configuration of R1 is shown in Figure 4
in
conf t
hostname R1
int does 0/0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
//no shut
exit
int serial 2/0
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
//no shut
end
Figure 4
4. View the direct route generated by the router;
R0
show ip route
Figure 5
R1
show ip route
Figure 6
5. Configure static routes on routers Router0 and Router1;
R0
in
conf t
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
end
Figure 7
R1
in
conf t
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
end
Figure 8
6. Verify the static routing configuration on Router0 and Router1;
R0
show ip route
Figure 9
R1
show ip route
Figure 10
7. PC0 and PC1 hosts can communicate with each other;
Figure 11
6. Experimental experience (or solutions to difficult problems encountered)
About the timeout of the first packet request of ping :
第一个包超时是因为PC0不知道PC1的Mac地址，需要进行ARP请求和回应来获得PC1的物理地址，传输过程中需要IP地址MAC地址都有才行，而且这个ARP请求是算在这个ping超时时间内，ping的请求超时时间是2ms，超过这个时间无响应就丢包，所以每次第一次ping总是会丢包。后续PC0把PC1的MAC地址存到ARP高速缓存表中，就不需要ARP请求可以直接获取PC1的MAC地址，也就省去ARP请求的时间，就很少丢包了。
直连路由和静态路由比较：
直连路由：路由器接口直接连接子网，路由器可以直接找到连接的这个网段。
静态路由：通过手动配置路由表项，来指示路由器在收到相应地址的数据包的时候，路由器知道该如何转发这个数据包，静态路由并不会通过网络的变化而自己变化。
静态路由优缺点：
优点：因为是手动配置并且是静态的，所以不会产生更新流量，不占用网络带宽；且因为不会交换路由表，所以保密性好。
缺点：当网络发生大规模变动的时候配置静态路由的时候，难度将会特别大，而且网络出现故障的时候，也会不能完成路由。