Table of contents
Structural diagram of web automation testing steps:
Foreword:
With the widespread use of web applications, the demand for web automation testing tools is also increasing. Web automated testing tools can simulate user behavior in web browsers, and can quickly and reliably complete a large number of testing tasks. This article will compare some common web automation testing tools, including Selenium, Protractor, and Cypress.
Selenium
Selenium is one of the most popular web automation testing tools, it supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, Ruby, etc. Selenium communicates with web browsers using the WebDriver protocol, so it can be compatible with most web browsers. Selenium also provides a rich API for testers to write and run test scripts. Here is a simple example written using Selenium and Python:
from selenium import webdriver
# 创建Chrome浏览器实例
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
# 打开网页
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
# 在搜索框中输入关键字并点击搜索按钮
input_element = browser.find_element_by_name('wd')
input_element.send_keys('Selenium')
search_button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.s_btn')
search_button.click()
# 等待搜索结果页面加载完成
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
# 关闭浏览器实例
browser.quit()
The above code creates a Chrome browser instance and accesses the Baidu homepage. Then, enter the keyword "Selenium" in the search box and click the search button. Finally, wait 10 seconds until the search results page has loaded, and close the browser instance.
Although Selenium is a powerful web automation testing tool, it also has some disadvantages. For example, it requires users to manually install and configure browser drivers and may not be compatible with certain browsers and operating system versions.
Protractor
Protractor is a web automation testing tool specially designed for Angular applications. It communicates with web browsers using the Selenium WebDriver protocol and supports the JavaScript programming language. Protractor also provides many built-in functions for testers to write and run test scripts. Here is a simple example written using Protractor and JavaScript:
describe('Protractor Demo App', function() {
it('should have a title', function() {
browser.get('http://juliemr.github.io/protractor-demo/');
expect(browser.getTitle()).toEqual('Super Calculator');
});
it('should add one and two', function() {
browser.get('http://juliemr.github.io/protractor-demo/');
element(by.model('first')).sendKeys(1);
element(by.model('second')).sendKeys(2);
element(by.id('gobutton')).click();
expect(element(by.binding('latest')).getText()).toEqual('3');
});
});
The above code defines a test suite and contains two test cases. The first test case verifies that the title of the application is correct. The second test case inputs 1 and 2 into the calculator application and verifies that the result of the calculation is 3.
The advantage of Protractor is that it is designed specifically for Angular applications, so it can easily recognize and handle asynchronous operations in Angular applications. However, Protractor may not be suitable for other types of web applications.
Cypress
Cypress is a modern web automation testing tool which uses JavaScript programming language. Unlike Selenium and Protractor, Cypress does not use the WebDriver protocol to communicate with web browsers. Instead, it runs the test code directly in the browser, which makes testing faster and provides very good debugging capabilities. Here's a simple example written in Cypress and JavaScript:
describe('My First Test', () => {
it('Visits the Cypress homepage', () => {
cy.visit('https://www.cypress.io/')
cy.contains('"End-to-End Testing for the Modern Web"').click()
cy.url().should('include', '/features')
cy.get('.marketing-section-title').should('contain', 'Features')
})
})
The above code defines a test suite and contains a test case. The test case visits the Cypress official website, clicks on the "End-to-End Testing for the Modern Web" link, and verifies that the page URL is correct and contains the "Features" header.
The advantage of Cypress is that it provides a very good debugging function, so that testers can quickly locate and solve problems. In addition, Cypress also supports running tests in parallel, which can speed up the execution of large-scale tests. However, Cypress is not compatible with all web browsers, so it may be necessary to run tests in different browsers to ensure compatibility.
in conclusion
To sum up, Selenium, Protractor, and Cypress are all very popular web automation testing tools, and each tool has its unique advantages and disadvantages. If you want to test Angular applications, Protractor may be a better choice; if you need a modern testing framework and intend to use the JavaScript programming language, you can choose Cypress; if you need extensive browser compatibility and API support, You can choose Selenium. In the end, no matter which tool you choose, you need to evaluate and choose according to your own needs and technology stack.
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Web automated testing:
Automated Testing - Benefits:
