How are you guys from CSDN? Today, Xiao Yalan is here to write a book review. No matter how busy she is, she can’t stop reading. Next, let Xiao Yalan take you into "New Programmer 005: An In-depth Guide to Open Source" The power of science and technology behind the new finance" the world of this book! ! !
Zou Xin talks to the father of Python: the human brain is the ceiling of software development efficiency
Dialogue with Monty, the father of MySQL: It is difficult to surpass MySQL, but I did it!
open source cloud computing
Why should enterprises do open source?
Consensus Mechanism & Smart Contract: Financial Practice of Blockchain and Technology
In this day and age, open source has eaten the world .
As former Red Hat President and CEO Paul Cormier said: " While the open source development model began decades ago as a testing ground for developers, hackers, and visionaries, we have now gone far beyond this. One. Not only is it one of the mainstream approaches to business software development, but it’s also fueling a steady stream of innovation . ”
" China's open source has ushered in the best era. According to the dimension of creating value, we currently only have two top 50 open source companies in China, but we believe that the next five years will be the five years of explosive development of open source creation and wealth creation in China. We predict and believe that , 20 of the top 50 will come from China. ” CSDN founder Jiang Tao said.
Zou Xin talks to the father of Python: the human brain is the ceiling of software development efficiency
The origin of Python and the development history of thirty years
In the communication between Mr. Zou Xin and Mr. Guido, there is a question that I find very interesting:
Teacher Zou Xin said: "In the early 1990s, you created Python as a personal interest project during the Christmas vacation. Did you ever think that one day Python would shine so brilliantly? How do you think of Python today?"
Teacher Guido replied: "At that time, I had a task to complete at work: to write a large number of small tools with very similar functions in C language. I was quite upset about repeatedly writing very similar C language codes. If there is a comparison C would be a better programming language, I could get things done very quickly. Later, I simply invented Python myself. I just wanted to create a 'glue language' to paste small programs written in C together. Constitute a new tool. I have no expectations for the later development of Python. I think it is like many failed projects that I did at the time. There is nothing special. The development of Python was very slow at the beginning. Everyone's favor, mainly in the late 1990s, when many scientists began to perform scientific calculations, just like me, they used Python as a 'glue language' to call the code originally written by Fortran or C++. For these scientists , Python is a very handy tool.
It turns out that this is how Python came about. For me, I usually prefer C language. It may be the habit of writing code in C language. Although C language is very uncomfortable to use, for example: every time a statement is written , C language requires semicolons, but Python does not; complex code, in C language, requires several code blocks at every turn, using many {}, but Python does not need it, just pay attention to indentation. However, I still prefer the C language. It may be that I have been in contact with the C language for a longer time, which has caused me to learn Python now, and writing code in Python is very uncomfortable. The learning content is endless.
Importance of learning Python:
You can use Python crawlers to grab pictures and movie links on the Internet; you can also write automated login scripts in Python for automatic sign-in in some forums; third-party clients for some applications are also written in Python; you can also write some Games.
As a high-level programming language, Python was born by accident, but it is an inevitable way to get programmers' love. Python is easy to get started. Compared with other languages, it is easy for beginners to get started. In addition, Python It also has the following advantages:
- Simple: Python pursues simplicity and is easy to read and write. It allows you to focus on solving problems rather than understanding the language itself.
- Free: Python is open source software. This means you can copy it, read it, and change it without paying a penny, which is why Python keeps getting better -- it's created and constantly improved by a group of people who want to see a better Python.
- Compatibility: Python is compatible with many platforms, so developers will not encounter the troubles that they often encounter when using other languages.
- Object-oriented: Python supports both procedural and object-oriented programming. In procedural programming, programmers reuse code, and in object-oriented programming, objects are based on data and functions.
- Rich library: The Python standard library is indeed huge. It can help you with a variety of tasks, including regular expressions, documentation generation, unit testing, threads, databases, web browsers, CGI, FTP, email, XML, XML-RPC, HTML, WAV files, cryptosystems, GUI (graphical user interface), Tk and other system-related operations.
- Standardized code: Python uses mandatory indentation to make the code extremely readable.
- Scalability and embeddability. If you need a critical piece of your code to run faster or want to keep some algorithms private, you can write parts of your program in C or C++ and use them in your Python program. You can embed Python into your C/C++ program to provide scripting functionality to your program users.
Compared with some other programming languages, the learning intensity of Python is generally recognized as simple, and it can be easily learned with zero foundation, and has a good development prospect. It has been widely used in artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and other fields, and the current talent There is a shortage, and the salary is generally higher than other programming languages, so it is a good choice for IT transformation!
Similarly, to learn programming languages, of course, you must choose to learn programming languages that are currently advanced, popular, widely used, promising, and promising in the industry. I tell you why you should learn Python:
1. Data Science
This is one of the biggest reasons for many programmers to learn Python in 2020. I know a lot of friends who are bored with Java programming jobs in investment banks, and they are learning Python on Udemy for data science jobs due to exciting jobs and high returns.
2. Machine Learning
This is another reason why programmers should learn Python in 2020. The development of machine learning in the past few years has been amazing and it is rapidly changing everything around us.
3. Website development
Quality development is another reason to learn Python. It provides many good libraries and frameworks such as Django and Flask to make web development very easy.
4. Easy
This is the biggest reason for beginners to learn Python. When you first start programming, you definitely don't want to start with a programming language with strict syntax and strange rules.
5. Strong community
You need a community to learn a new technology, and friends are your greatest asset when it comes to learning a programming language, and you need a helping hand when you have a problem.
6. Libraries and Frameworks
One similarity between Python and Java is the number of open source libraries, frameworks, and modules that can do anything and it makes application development very easy.
7. Automation
I learned about Python for the first time because of a scripting requirement. I'm having a problem with an application that receives messages over UDP, but I don't see the messages in the logs.
8. Multipurpose
One of the things I love about Python is its swiss army knife nature. It's all over the place, like R is great in data science and machine learning, and it's ubiquitous in web development. Learning Python means you can do a lot of things.
9. Work and grow
Python is evolving at a very fast pace and over a long period of time, and if you're just starting out in your programming career, it makes sense to learn an ever-evolving programming language.
10. Salary
Python developers are among the highest paid developers, especially in data science, machine learning, and web development.
There is no silver bullet for software development
"I'm not a futurist, I'm more focused on the present"
Dialogue with Monty, the father of MySQL: It is difficult to surpass MySQL, but I did it!
The father of MySQL associated with China
"New Programmer": Nowadays, many Chinese developers want to learn about open source databases. Do you have any suggestions for these beginners?
Monty: Any novice in the industry will always find something he is interested in in the process of using the database, so he will have the idea of cooperating with it. If you want to get started, you must first find some new requirements for this database from the perspective of customers or companies, and then spend time learning relevant knowledge, researching and improving these functions. The more you work with the product itself and the engineers behind it, including the foundation, your knowledge of the database will grow through these practices, and your personal views will be passed down in the developer community. Therefore, participate in open source projects, practice will make you famous, and practice is the first step in getting started. The benefit of open source is that all participants are personally valued by the skills they possess rather than degrees, backgrounds, and identities. In this case, the open source developer proves himself with the code and the program, and the company will use the quality of the code to decide whether it wants to hire a person. Because of the existence of open source, developers no longer need to know whether their partners are male or female, and care about what each other looks like and where they come from. This is the best part of open source. Open source allows developers to only focus on those who are interested, allowing people to shine in their field. Remember one thing: a good programmer is hard to fire.
Open source database, code life
Open Source Databases: What Are They? Why are they important?
For developers, this is a non-controversial feature. The future of databases is open source. A 2022 Stack Overflow survey of some 70,000 code wranglers revealed that nearly all professionals use one of the two leading open source RDBMSEs, PostgreSQL (46.5%) or MySQL (45.7%), although they use other systems as well .
Oracle, which built a global software empire starting with RDBMS, is used by only about 12% of developers, while Db2, IBM's data workhorse used by banks and global retailers, is used by only 2%.
There's no question that the leading edge is open source—those who build new systems choose it themselves. The question is why they dominate among developers.
Peter Zaitsev, CEO of database consulting firm Percona, was an early employee of MySQL AB, led by original open source database author Michael "Monty" Widenius. For Zaitsev, this was an economic question in the entrepreneurial scene of the early 20th century.
"If you look at Oracle and Db2, they can be very, very expensive systems. In the early 2000s, right after the Internet era, there was a new generation of startups with little money that needed but couldn't afford Oracle, Db2 or SQL Server," he said .
But in using open source databases, a new generation of startups—Facebook, Uber, and Google, among others—started to discover that they could adapt the systems to their needs, contributing to open source code while benefiting from developments elsewhere in the community. beneficial.
"This is a permissionless innovation, and your ability to customize and improve the software with the community is really important," Zaitsev said.
Fast-forward a decade, and this cohort of startups — attracting billions of users, captivating financial markets and fascinating digital transformation gurus — is beginning to dominate the minds of web-native developers.
“The startup developer culture is starting to permeate the ecosystem because people are looking at what Google, Airbnb, or Uber might do,” Zaitsev said.
"It's getting attention in the database space. It's moving to open source databases. You might be hard-pressed to find some really cool Oracle-based systems as back-end databases. In the belly of enterprises and government agencies, it can be very important, but very boring .which is all well and good, but not what the developers expected."
PostgreSQL and MySQL have been developed for more than 50 years, but a new generation of open source databases has appeared on the market and sparked fierce debate around their open source model.
MySQL's fork MariaDB and the distributed RDBMS CockroachDB adopt what they call a Business Source License (BSL). According to MariaDB's definition, this is "a new alternative to closed source or open core licensing models". The source code is always publicly available, non-productive use of the code is always free, and the licensor may provide additional usage licenses allowing limited productive use. The source code is guaranteed to be open source at some point in time.
Meanwhile, the popular document-based NoSQL database MongoDB offers the Server-Side Public License (SSPL) v1.0, which requires the release of MongoDB enhancements to the community. These restrictions mean that companies cannot offer MongoDB as a managed service to other users.
Neither SSPL nor BSL meet all of the open source software standards set by the Open Source Initiative (OSI).
Zaitsev said the companies' approach is partly driven by investors' preference for open-source thinking.
Think need to fend off corporate wolves
"Money can create reality. That can be a danger for open source. Some areas of the open source movement are a bit romantic and want to change the world. Right now, commercial open source is about making money. Yes, people think open source is good The: This is something we've learned over 20 years. So now, a lot of new interest is trying to redefine what is open source software, and ch allows them to protect themselves, but still be open source. But it's the very opposite of open source, open source It should be like science - give it up and let everyone build and use it."In this way, Zaitsev argues, users of open source software are free to terminate their relationship with the vendor and contract with other companies to develop or support their systems, while retaining ownership of the original code and avoiding so-called vendor lock-in.
But the companies advocating for these licenses are doing so to protect themselves from the dominant cloud hyperscalers, which have incredible market power and influence among developers. Database companies worry that if they take a free and open source software (FOSS) approach, companies like AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure will simply copy their code and commercialize it as a managed service, such as AWS' Fully Managed Relational Database Service , which provides MySQL and PostgreSQL systems in this mode. This, they argue, will starve the major companies behind open source software of revenue.
In a recent blog on the commercial viability of open source databases, data management analyst Gartner veep Merv Adrian noted that cloud service providers could generate far more revenue from their open source database-as-a-service (DBaaS) offerings than independent vendors sum.
MongoDB, Cockroach Labs, and MariaDB argue that the models they employ allow the important features of open source to survive in this commercial environment. In this paper, we offer these companies the opportunity to expand on these points, while also providing a platform for those with a more permissive approach to open source, including Yugabyte, DataStax, and PostgreSQL Corporation EDB, to defend their positions. Oracle declined an opportunity to talk about MySQL.
As a point of comparison, we invited Exasol, a relative novice in the analytics space, to comment on its reasons for choosing a proprietary model.
We also want to discuss why open source is important in modern development, and why it might not be. First, we turned to EDB, a commercial company that supports and contributes to PostgreSQL, while providing some proprietary tools and DBAA.
EDB: Community Control and Freedom
Arguably the oldest major open source database, Postgres was first proposed in 1986 by Michael Stonebraker and Lawrence Rowe of the University of California, Berkeley, as the successor to Ingres. One of the goals of its creation was extensibility of data types, operators, and access methods. Under the OSI-approved PostgreSQL license, the object-relational database has proven to be extensible, supporting new data types such as graphs and JSON.It's the most popular database among developers in the 2022 Stack Overflow survey and ranks fourth among database engines, climbing steadily for a decade.
Marc Linster, chief technology officer at PosgreSQL consultancy and contributor EDB, said the system's strengths lie not just in licensing but in the diversity of contributions that attract developers.
He distinguishes between "captive open source" projects, where the vast majority of contributions come from a single company, and "true community open source" projects, where contributions come from software vendors, users, and other interested parties.
"If you look at Linux, or look at PostgreSQL, you'll see that there's a vibrant community behind it. PostgreSQL is co-developed by EDB -- yes -- along with VMware, Fujitsu, NTT, Microsoft, Amazon, etc. There's A lot of companies are investing in this," he said.
"Technically, you have other open source software that has an open source license, but they're actually controlled by one company -- say MongoDB. If you're a community-driven process, there's more innovation because in the process In these dynamics in there is a lot of push and pull to bring about innovation quickly. At the same time, there is a lot of quality control, both of which come from desi." From a gn perspective and an execution perspective because of review, integration into code , all of which are public and fully public.
"The community-driven process also protects open source from suddenly getting artificial licenses like BSL or other licenses because the community behind them won't accept them."
While the core PostgreSQL project is independent of EDB, the company sells its own proprietary software to help secure and manage the database.
Those elements didn't make it into the open source project, Linster explained, because while some users might need them, the community as a whole didn't.
"We did something that the community wouldn't do. It wouldn't say it needed a password profile in the database, like Oracle. It's unlikely that the Postgres community would do that, but customers often have very specific needs," he said.
Customers can "have everything in Postgres," Linster said, but also get features that the PostgreSQL community didn't accept, such as Oracle compatibility, which EDB sees as a "stand-alone competitive advantage."
DataStax: No one likes to fall into a trap
Apache Cassandra was originally developed by Facebook engineers Avinash Lakshman and Prashant Malik as a distributed structured storage system to power the social media company's inbox search functionality. In July 2008, Facebook released Cassandra as an open-source project on Google Code, and by 2010, it had become a top-level Apache project.Patrick McFadin, DataStax's vice president of developer relations, said the project is backed by the commercial company DataStax, which provides DBaaS for a fee, but the idea of an open source project is still crucial to the company as developers look to create a new environment in the future. Gain freedom and flexibility in the cloud.
"Because of the cloud, it's become really interesting. We've come into this world where there's a lot of projects and companies starting to do this fake open source where you can say it works on your laptop, but everywhere else you have to pay.
"No one likes to fall into that trap. [Open source] is still very important to developers because they want the freedom to choose and the freedom to scale. If you look at all the major open source databases, including Cassandra, MySQL, and PostgreSQL, They both do a good job. There’s an enterprise version, which you can pay for, and a managed service, where you can pay for it. But, there’s also a free version.”
McFaddin added: "If you look at DataStax's customers, they've hired all three companies. We have very large customers who will buy our enterprise edition, they'll use our managed service, and then they'll be in the same environment There's a lot of open source Cassandra in there. They have a sense of psychological safety that they can move around based on their current business. You can't do that without an open source database. ”
For example, Amazon has its own key-value database, DynamoDB, which it offers as a service.
"You can't run DynamoDB outside of Amazon because it has a very well-defined API. So open source isn't just software, it's standards, APIs or query languages and so on," McFadin said.
He said DataStax would release any extensions to its cloud service to the open-source community because of disagreements between its paid Cassandra iteration and Apache Cassandra's API. This, he argues, means customers are free to leave any payment system without major rewrites of their applications.
"Clients leave sometimes too. The first thing I think is, 'Oh, that sucks,'" McFaddin said. But that's not the right way to say it. It's more like, 'I'm glad you're still using Kassan. Della, I'll see you in the community', that's the correct answer.".
Yugabyte: It's All About DBaaS
YugabyteDB is one of the distributed RDBMS vendors that has gotten a lot of attention over the past few years. Others to get the dubious name of NewSQL include CochroachDB and, to some extent, MariaDB.Yugabyte is a two-tier database. It is inspired by the Google Panner below and compatible with PostgreSQL above, with the aim of creating a highly available, scalable distributed database.
Last October, the company raised $188 million in Series C funding, valuing the business at about $1.3 billion.
YugabyteDB is available under the Apache 2.0 license and runs on Kubernetes, VMs and bare metal across private, public and hybrid cloud environments.
Founded by former Facebook engineers Kannan Muthukkaruppan, Karthik Ranganathan, and Mikhail Bautin, the company came out of secrecy in 2017 but didn't adopt Apache 2.0 until 2019. This reason exposed some public debates about open source databases.
Accepting registration, Ranganathan, now chief technology officer, said all the founders wanted to be fully open source from the start, but investors convinced them.
"The investor community is very aware that open source is a dying business model. So we decided that fundamentally, we're going to be an open source company, but because their investors said full open source is a losing game, we Having opted for an open core, it means our database will have 80% of its value open and 20% closed," he said.
However, it decided to change its mind after the software gained early customer support.
“We realized that beyond figuring out what we need in the database, without the DBaaS side of it, it’s like dying on arrival,” Ranganathan said.
This revelation means that being competitive on the DBAA is as important as being competitive on the database, and customers expect databases to be open source. "We tell customers we like PostgreSQL, but it's distributed, and they say 'but PostgreSQL is very open,'" Ranganathan noted.
Ranganathan said that while vendors worry that -- if they go all open source -- AWS or other cloud providers will eat their lunch by offering their own DBAA, that misses the point.
"If -- as the primary provider that owns the project -- your DBaaS offering is good enough, then it should be easy to give people a reason to use that managed service. AWS can only do that for AWS; we can do it anywhere This service is available on the cloud (including off-cloud) because we have no particular preference; we actually want it to be available everywhere. AWS can only be successful if it owns the entire infrastructure." cture data, even if customers want to own It, we are also successful. "
MariaDB: open source, but for commercial backbone
MariaDB was spun out of MySQL, an open source relational database that started in 1995. MySQL has been part of Sun Microsystems since 2008, but when Oracle acquired Sun in 2010, MySQL co-founder Widenius forked the code to a new open source database, MariaDB.MariaDB adopts the Business Source License (BSL), which critics argue is not truly open source because it does not allow users or developers to do what they want with the code. Under the BSL, source code is always public, code for non-production use is always free, and source code is ultimately guaranteed to be open.
The licensing model requires only those who produce and use the software to obtain a commercial license, which is often an indication that the environment brings significant value to the business, the company said.
While BSL does not meet the OSI definition, MariaDB does adhere to the open source spirit while ensuring it is a sustainable company.
MariaDB CEO Michael Howard, told Reg: "Open source was originally an ideology and a way of life. It was about free software and non-commercial commercial business models. In today's world, the biggest and most powerful companies in the world Reusing open source for its own purposes in commercialization efforts, people realize that open source cannot be independent. Independence, independence, and dependency independence depend on strong commercial pillars."
While the BSL is an "endorsement for open source," it also provides a strong commercialization platform for a given product. "It's very different from Apache BSD or the GPL (which Linux uses), which have unresolved requirements and obstacles that require people to contribute a piece and automatically return it to the repository for anyone to use," Howard said.
In this way, it prevents the world's largest cloud company from offering commercial software as a service around the MariaDB database. "Business models in the hyperscalers business have certainly driven new licensing models, including the BSL. However, when it was originally designed, it was more about entrepreneurs building a good business," he said.
While MariaDB's license is stricter than other open source projects, it has likely attracted more contributions than any open source database, including MySQL and PostgreSQL, both older, Howard said.
But unlike proprietary software, developers, whether from users or supporting companies, are free to view the source code, giving users support options once their databases are moved to a more permissive license.
"Large institutions see open source as giving them an option where they can work with a vendor, like MariaDB, or if they have to, they can fix their own bugs. They can hire people to fix bugs without having to rely on commercial project. It's a profound distinction," he said.
CockroachDB: Open Source History, Commercial Prospects
Cockroach Labs is a relative newbie in this field. It was founded in 2015 by former Google programmers Spencer Kimball, Peter Mattis and Ben Darnell.The company's database, CockroachDB, is a distributed RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a key-value store, either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative called Pebble.
In December 2021, the company reached a notional valuation of $5 billion with a $278 million Series F round of funding. Its clients include Comcast, eBay and Nubank.
Like MariaDB, CockroachDB relies heavily on BSL. The source code is available, but users may not use CockroachDB as a service without the consent of Cockroach Labs. Other core functionality is governed by the CCL (Cockroach Community License), under which some functionality is paid or free, but the code is available. A few years after its release, the code moved to the Apache 2.0 license.
The BSL is not certified as an open source license, but most OSI standards are met, Cockroach said.
Despite the mix of open source and business models, chief product manager Jim Walker said the company has been steeped in the open source movement. Early versions were released under the Apache license, and co-founders Kimball and Mattis are behind the popular open-source GIMP photo manipulation tool, which spun out of a university project.
But for Walker, open source is more than a license. "I'm not saying it's unimportant, absolutely unimportant. If you're going to do a binary 'what is open source?' purely based on this factor? Well, fine, I understand open source or not. However, to me Saying that, open source is so much more than that. There is a community of people involved. They love contributing and discussing (computing issues). Number one, it's about people.
"Second, it's about code. It's about open source libraries. If you're doing a PhD in distributed systems, you can look at the Cockroach Labs codebase. Right now, it's completely open. Anyone can look at it .”
Critics point out that for companies adopting a hybrid model, their projects often end up relying on a single supplier that can control the direction of the project, regardless of the views of the wider community. Diversity in contributions is a sign of health.
But in terms of contributions, Walker admits, most of them are cockroach labs. So why not go all out and protect the intellectual property of the software by making it proprietary?
"To me, it's a dead end," Walker said. "Given how fast the world has moved over the last three to five years because of open source. And I'm not just talking about our software: The world has changed because we can learn from our We gain efficiency and scale in the system. We are absolutely a citizen and a part of it.”
He also believes that CockroachDB gives users freedom of choice in the software going forward: They can migrate their data and schema to a free version of the database and have it hosted by others, or run it themselves.
But Walker said pressure on developers could deter them from ditching paid hosting.
"People just don't do it. No one wants to do it. Part of the value of CockroachDB is basically, I don't need to hire a lot of people, I don't need as many resources to run the database. There's a new desire in the market, Namely low operating costs and it eliminates a lot of the work I have to do."
MongoDB: The Risk of Hyperscalers Leaving Us Out
First released 13 years ago, MongoDB is in some ways the granddaddy of the NoSQL movement. It's also the top ranked database for avoiding the relational model, at least according to the DB engine.The company, which debuted in 2017, is now valued at about $22 billion.
MongoDB provides a server-side public license for all versions released after October 16, 2018, while the Free Software Foundation's GNU AGPL v3.0 applies to MongoDB software released before that date.
SSPL was introduced by MongoDB to require enhancements to MongoDB to be released to the community. If this is not acceptable for legal reasons, a commercial license can be obtained using MongoDB Enterprise Advanced.
"Open source is a critical part of MongoDB's success," said Andrew Davidson, senior vice president of product management. "In this day and age, it would not be possible to become a widely adopted development solution without an open source first mindset."
But over the years, the company has come to appreciate the risk of hyperscalers delivering the products MongoDB invested in as a service, leaving MongoDB out of the equation, he said.
"The SSPL is very clear and aims to clear up an ambiguity that you cannot deliver MongoDB as a managed cloud service, aimed at the hyperscalers. The Community Edition licensed through the SSPL gives our users the freedom to run their Run it somewhere and use it for whatever application they want. The only limitation is that they can't sell it as a managed service." d Cloud Services," Davidson said.
But they can build their own software on top of MongoDB and offer it as a service, he said.
In the years following MongoDB's early development, the company began to realize that the future was managed services, and so invested in the creation of Atlas, its DBAA, which the company embellished with additional capabilities to solve analytical problems, for example.
One of the issues critics raise about hybrid-mode open source is the question of future freedom: Once customers have built an application, do they have the ability to leave the vendor? Can they replicate the database and host the application elsewhere?
For MongoDB Atlas, the answer is "maybe" and "it depends"
"We've extended Atlas beyond OLTP databases to provide triggers, data lake products, data federation, API servers, application services, etc... Basically, you can completely move these services. If you're using these ancillary services any of these, if you leave Atlas, you have to build your own way of experiencing those types of use cases.”
While open source advocates argue that the project benefits from a variety of contributors, such as PostgreSQL, Davidson believes that contributors' businesses, such as Amazon, Microsoft, and EDB, are interested in the project's success.
MongoDB may be more of a single-vendor project, but that allows it to "indulge in the developer experience and create an elegantly integrated experience in a way that's a little different from the disjointed federation model," Davidson said.
Regardless of the interpretation of open source, it shares a core value of trust in code. "You need to be able to know that you can go in and microscopically [and] examine how this thing is built.
"Of course, you might not actually do it, but it's critical to know that countless other people -- PhDs, students, academics, and industry professionals -- are doing it. We're talking about the core of people's applications, which Key to their business. It's all about knowing that what you're building is community validated."
The devil's advocate might also point out that banks all over the world are running proprietary Oracle and Db2, and they seem to be fine. But these systems have been designed by large companies over the years. The open source model allows for reliable introduction of new databases without such support.
Exasol: Proprietary technology beyond the reach of the community
In the end, observers would be forgiven for thinking that all modern databases are somehow based on open source software, but that's not the case. Germany's Exasol has developed a memory analysis system that is used by Dell and sports giant Adidas. It has long claimed leadership in the TPC price/performance benchmark.CTO Mathias Golombek told The Register that there are specifics to parallel hardware that mean the open source route won't work for their core product.
"Open source systems are very popular, especially transactional databases," he said. "In the area of more dynamic data analytics, Exasol has embraced open source software in various ways; however, our core database engine remains proprietary because, so far, there has been no suitable database engine that can access an MPP hardware setup and specialize in in-memory computing." developer community.
"To get the best of both worlds, and to support open source as a fundamental concept in the software industry, Exasol has added dozens of open source projects by leveraging the agile community to help create various integration projects, such as data science through our language containers, Or data virtualization via virtual mode.
"Over time, we've learned that open source is less and less important than closed source, but rather whether the software architecture is relevant to data concerns. The open source business model has made this impossible. A targeted enterprise software vendor has failed."
[Data Management] Open Source Databases: What are they? Why are they important? |
open source cloud computing
Create a new profit model for open source companies
Marten Mickos joined MySQL AB in 2001 as CEO. He invented and created the open source dual licensing system, created a new profit model for open source companies, and successfully applied this business model to MySQL. During his seven years in office, MySQL has gradually grown from the start-up stage to the world's second largest open source company and the fastest growing database service provider. He is known as the leader of open source software, and is called another national hero after Linus Torvalds, the father of Linux, by his country Finland. And was awarded the European Technology Promotion Alliance "European Entrepreneur Changing the World Award", Nokia Foundation "World Outstanding Entrepreneur" and many other honors.
How to make money from open source products is a topic of widespread concern now. Marten Mickos said that MySQL was not created to make money at first, but to accumulate users. A large number of MySQL users and developers are the driving force behind the commercial development of MySQL. MySQL will sell enterprise-level services to those enterprises that need to expand and cannot withstand any failures, including certified binary files, update and upgrade services, automated DBA services, 7*24-hour error resolution, etc. Users pay according to the level of service and the number of servers. At the same time, MySQL also attaches great importance to users who do not pay. These users are MySQL evangelists. They promote MySQL to their friends and colleagues, saving MySQL a lot of promotion costs. Marten Mickos attributes MySQL's success to thousands of evangelists from around the world. These evangelists also help MySQL develop products and modify bugs, and provide good suggestions for the company's development.
Based on the success in the open source field, in February 2008, MySQL was acquired by Sun for US$800 million in cash and US$200 million in stock, and Marten Mickos served as senior vice president of Sun's database department. Oracle then acquired Sun for $7.4 billion.
The realization of the potential of cloud computing must be based on open source
During his tenure at Sun, Marten Mickos saw that cloud computing would become a new computing trend. To realize the potential of cloud computing, it must be based on open source software. After Marten Mickos resigned from Sun, he joined cloud computing company Eucalyptus in March 2010 as the company's CEO. Eucalyptus has an open source software platform for building private clouds or data centers.
Many of the world's top 100 companies are customers of Eucalyptus. Most enterprises use Eucalyptus to lay out their hybrid cloud - some data runs on public clouds (such as Amazon and Rackspace), while more sensitive data is kept on private clouds. According to Marten Mickos, "The most basic needs of these enterprises are unpredictable and constantly changing workloads. The most typical application case is scalable Web services. The shoe manufacturer Puma is a good example. All their websites run On top of Eucalyptus. They have a lot of small production sites, and they don’t know which sites need resources at a certain point in time. But on Eucalyptus, they can allocate resources to where they are most needed.”
Another pioneering practice of "open source" + "cloud computing"
Based on the great success of starting MySQL, he attaches great importance to the value created by the open source community. "Open source" is one of the core concepts of Eucalyptus. In Marten Mickos' view, "Open source is an efficient way to produce software. You can get higher quality software faster. As we do in MySQL, we also believe in having a business model for open source products, Funding can be obtained for further development of the product. We are trying to bridge the two worlds, but it’s not going to be easy because a lot of open source principles put a lot of constraints on the type of businesses you can build.”
While there are many challenges in meeting the requirements of an open source business model, the benefits can still be substantial, especially in the area of partnerships. Marten Mickos said, "Many software partners can integrate Eucalyptus products without telling us. When integrating our products, we don't need to provide any assistance. They just need to bring the products, read the relevant documents, Because our code and APIs are open source. This phenomenon is common around the world, and it creates a strong ecosystem of value-added products that run on Eucalyptus and enhance the overall user experience."
For those start-ups looking to get involved in the field of cloud computing, Marten Mickos advises them not to get lost in the current crazy pursuit of cloud computing. "If you're going to build a really successful business in cloud computing, don't name it with the word 'cloud' in it. Over time, there will be many companies with similar names in the future, and it will be confusing. Except Besides words related to 'cloud', think of some other names."
"Open source" + "cloud computing" is another pioneering practice of Marten Mickos. Guided by the US government's National Science Foundation and based on the strong R&D strength of the University of California, Eucalyptus, led by Marten Mickos, has become the world's most widely deployed hybrid cloud that is seamlessly compatible and recognized by Amazon, spanning multiple virtualization technologies Architecture leader.
Why should enterprises do open source?
Consensus Mechanism & Smart Contract: Financial Practice of Blockchain and Technology
Blockchain finance is actually the application of blockchain technology in the financial field. Blockchain is an underlying technology based on Bitcoin, and its essence is actually a decentralized trust mechanism. Collectively maintain a sustainable growth database by sharing among distributed nodes to achieve information security and accuracy.
The application of this technology can solve the trust and security problems in transactions. Blockchain technology has become an optional direction for the future upgrade of the financial industry. Through blockchain, both parties to the transaction can carry out economic transactions without the need for a third-party credit intermediary. activities, thereby reducing the cost of assets being able to be transferred around the world.
Since 2016, major financial giants have also heard the news and launched blockchain innovation projects to explore the possibility of applying blockchain technology in various financial scenarios. In particular, Puyin Group took the lead in pioneering the "blockchain +" standard digital currency. Standard system digital currency means that assets go through a third-party organization to complete the processes of identification, evaluation, confirmation of rights, insurance, etc., and are written into the blockchain through meticulous digital algorithms to form a standard correspondence relationship between assets and digital currency, which is called standard system digital currency.
In order to realize the great leap and development of blockchain finance, to promote the new development of China's economy, to accelerate the circulation of global assets, and to realize the revival dream that generations of people have struggled for, Puyin Group will hold Puyin in Guizhou on December 9, 2016. Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony. At the meeting, the digital circulation of assets realized by blockchain, the financial transaction mode of blockchain, and the application of blockchain services and social public industries will be discussed. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the transformation and development of a new financial ecology.
On June 1, 2020, Xinhua News Agency was authorized to broadcast the "Overall Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. Standards and rules for security and blockchain finance", as one of the key tasks of Hainan Free Trade Port before 2035.
Blockchain Technology in Finance: Prospects and Applications
1. Payment and remittance
Blockchain technology can help financial institutions improve the speed and security of payments and remittances. Traditional payment and remittance methods need to be confirmed and cleared by third-party institutions, and blockchain technology can make these processes more efficient and reliable. Since transaction data is recorded in an immutable distributed ledger, the possibility of fraud is reduced. For example, Ripple is a payment protocol based on blockchain technology, which can complete transactions within seconds and make cross-border remittance more convenient.
2. Digital currency
Digital currency is an electronic currency supported by blockchain technology, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc. They can be used for things like online payments, investing and saving. Unlike traditional currencies, the use of digital currencies does not need to rely on traditional banks and payment institutions, making payments and transfers faster and more convenient. In addition, since digital currency is decentralized, users have more privacy and anonymity, making digital currency an option for investment and savings.
3. Smart contract
Smart contracts are automated contracts powered by blockchain technology that perform actions under specific conditions. For example, they can be used in things like insurance claims processing and loan contracts. Smart contracts can automatically verify and execute contract conditions, avoiding the interference and management of intermediaries, making transactions more transparent and efficient. In addition, since smart contracts are automated, the security of transactions can be improved, avoiding the problems faced by traditional contracts.
4. Authentication
Blockchain technology can provide more secure and private authentication while reducing the possibility of identity fraud. Traditional authentication methods require users to provide identification and other sensitive information, which can be leaked and misused. Blockchain technology can protect user identity information through encryption, and blockchain technology can also integrate identity verification and authorization processes into smart contracts, thereby improving transaction security and reliability.
5. Investment and securities trading Blockchain technology can improve the process and efficiency of securities trading and investment
By recording securities transaction information and ownership in an immutable blockchain, transaction traceability and transparency can be improved while reducing the possibility of fraud and operational errors. In addition, blockchain technology can also provide investors with more opportunities, such as digitizing traditional assets through tokenization, making small investments easier.
6. Asset management blockchain technology can improve the process and efficiency of asset management
By recording assets in the blockchain, the traceability and transparency of assets can be improved, while reducing the possibility of operational errors and fraud. In addition, blockchain technology can also provide more opportunities for asset management, such as through the tokenization of assets, so as to achieve more efficient transactions and circulation.
In short, the application prospect of blockchain technology in the financial field is very broad. It can help financial institutions improve the speed and security of payment and remittance, realize fast payment and investment of digital currency, provide automatic execution and verification of smart contracts, improve the security and privacy of identity verification, and improve the process of securities trading and investment and efficiency, as well as improving the process and efficiency of asset management. With the continuous development and maturity of blockchain technology, it is believed that it will play an increasingly important role in the financial field.
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