[Chapter 15] Knowledge Management
1 chapter related
1.1 Exam related
1 point choice
2 The concept of knowledge and knowledge management
2.1 Knowledge can be divided into explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge
| explicit knowledge | tacit knowledge | |
|---|---|---|
| definition | Can be expressed in words and numbers, and presented in the form of data, scientific laws, specific rules, manuals, etc. | It is quite personal and flexible, which varies from person to person, and it is difficult to explain it with formulas or words, so it is also难以流传或分享 |
| example | Books, databases, software, etc. | Beliefs, insights, intuitions, experiences, etc. |
| advantage | Easy to store, communicate, share, and deliver; standardized, clear, formatted, and structured | Contains context |
| shortcoming | Lack of context, open to different interpretations, inability to ensure correct understanding or application | Difficult to compile, irregular, difficult to preserve and transmit |
2.2 The difference between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge
| explicit knowledge features | tacit knowledge characteristics |
|---|---|
| specification, system | Not yet or difficult to regulate, sporadic |
| Backed by science and evidence | The science behind it is unclear |
| stable and clear foundation | informal, elusive |
| coded, formatted, structured | not coded, formatted, structured |
| Expressed in the form of formulas, software programming programs, laws, rules, principles and instructions | Presented in the form of know-how, habits, beliefs, personal stunts, etc. |
| The user has a clear understanding of the explicit knowledge used | tacit knowledge used |
| Easy to store, understand, communicate, share, pass on | Difficult to preserve, pass on, and master |
2.3 Basic activities of knowledge management
2. The basic activities of knowledge management include: identification, acquisition, development, decomposition, use and storage of knowledge.
3 Commonly used methods and tools for knowledge management
1. To do a good job in knowledge management in information system integration projects, the main thing is to build a system platform for project knowledge management. There are four points that the project organization must do in the construction of the institutional platform:
(1) Create more communication opportunities between team members. Strengthen communication opportunities for team members from the following three aspects: 组织物理环境的改造; (2) Establish explicit knowledge index. The carrier of explicit knowledge is divided into (3) the participation and support of the top level of the organization (4) the combination with the performance evaluation system 2. There are 3 tacit knowledge sharing methods. The main ways of sharing tacit knowledge are: (1) Create a learning model Organization, give full play to the role of the knowledge team. (2) Build a trust mechanism within the project organization. (3) Coding of tacit knowledge of project organization. (4) Set up a knowledge supervisor to strengthen the learning and sharing of tacit knowledge. (5) Establish a mechanism to limit knowledge monopoly within the project organization. (6) Promote the sharing of tacit knowledge through profit-driven. (7) Create a people-oriented organizational culture.组织结构的扁平化；设立网络虚拟社区。显性知识文本、显性知识的特有人、显性知识所在的过程。
★编码化、面对面交流、人员轮换和网络。
4 Knowledge Management
★4. Knowledge management tools are divided into 知识生成工具three 知识编码工具和知识转移工具categories.
(1) Knowledge 生成tools: including generating new ideas, discovering new business models, inventing new production processes, and re-synthesizing existing knowledge. Knowledge generation tools include 知识获取、知识合成和知识创新three functions.
(2) Knowledge 编码tools: through 标准的形式the representation of knowledge, knowledge can be shared and communicated conveniently. The difficulty of knowledge coding lies in, 知识几乎不能以离散的形式予以表现.
(3) Knowledge 转移tool: it is to enable knowledge to exist 企业内传播和分享. Obstacles can be divided into three categories, namely 时间差异、空间差异和社会差异.
6. The 5 elements of a learning organization include: 建立共同愿景、团队学习、改变心智模式、自我超越、系统思考.
★7. Eight characteristics of a learning organization: (Features: relatively good)
(1) Organization members share a common vision.
(2) Organizations are composed of multiple creative individuals.
(3) Be good at continuous learning.
(4) 扁平式结构。
(5) Self-management.
(6) Organizational boundaries will be redefined.
(7) Balance between family and career.
(8) The new role of the leader
The traditional organizational structure is usually
金字塔式，学习型组织the organizational structure then扁平的, ie from最上面的决策层到最下面的操作层，中间相隔层次极少. It moves the decision-making power to the lower level of the organizational structure as much as possible, so that the lowest-level units have sufficient self-determination rights and are responsible for the results produced, thus forming扁平化组织结构.
5 Intellectual Property Protection
15.3 Protection of Intellectual Property Rights [ Copyright Law and Laws and Regulations ]
1. If the user uses the software by means of installing, displaying and storing the software only for 学习、研究what is included in the software , . 2. The validity period of a registered trademark is calculated from the date of approval of registration. 3. The ownership of patent rights ① service inventions, ② non-service inventions, ③ inventions and creations completed by units or individuals entrusted by other units or individuals - read the book and understand the rights of each case 4 , two Where two or more applicants apply for patents for the same invention-creation on the same day, they shall file the applications on their own after receiving the notification from the patent administration department of the State Council. A patent application document can only file a patent application for one invention-creation. The patent application for the same invention shall be granted according to the decision .设计思想、原理可以不经软件著作权人的许可，不向其支付报酬
★10年
★协商确定申请时间的先后
★20年10年
6 practice questions
[Example 1-11 below] According to the "Contract Law of the People's Republic of China", for an invention-creation completed by entrusted development, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the right to apply for a patent belongs to ().
A. Research and development personnel B. Client C. Developer and client share D. State ownership
[Example 2-17above] A and B independently developed a valve with the same theme, but A completed it first, and B completed it later. According to the patent law, ().
A. A has the right to apply for a patent, but B does not B. A does not have the right to apply for a patent, but B has
C. Both A and B have the right to apply for a patent D. Neither A nor B has the right to apply for a patent
[Example 3-19 below] The value of knowledge lies in the flow and use, () can realize the dissemination and sharing of knowledge within the enterprise.
A. Knowledge transfer tools B. Knowledge coding tools C. Knowledge evaluation tools D. Knowledge generation tools
【Example 4-20】 () is the characteristic of tacit knowledge.
A. Coded, formatted, and structured B. Standardized, systematic, stable, and clear
C. Difficult to save, transfer, and master D. Expressed in formulas, rules, and principles
[Example 5-21 above] Regarding the description of knowledge management tools, the incorrect one is ().
A. Knowledge management tools are a collection of knowledge generation, coding and transfer technologies.
B. Knowledge generation tools include three functions: knowledge acquisition, knowledge synthesis and knowledge release.
C. The difficulty of knowledge coding is that knowledge can hardly be expressed in a discrete form Give performance
D. Temporal differences, spatial differences and social differences are barriers to knowledge transfer
【Example 6-21】Knowledge management tools are usually divided into () three categories.
A. Knowledge generation tools, knowledge analysis tools, knowledge dissemination tools B. Knowledge acquisition tools, knowledge synthesis tools, knowledge transfer tools C. Knowledge generation tools, knowledge coding tools
, knowledge transfer tools D. Knowledge acquisition tools, knowledge classification tools, knowledge communication tool
【Example 7-22】The description about knowledge management is incorrect ().
A. Knowledge includes three types of explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge and shared knowledge
B. Tacit knowledge usually refers to unstructured that is difficult to express and implicit in processes and actions
C. Tacit knowledge sharing can be promoted through profit-driven
D .The organizational structure is flattened, and the decision-making power is moved to the lower level, which is one of the characteristics of a learning organization
reference answer
1、A 2、C 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、C 7、A