No.016 <Soft Examination> "(Advanced) Examination Preparation Encyclopedia" [Chapter 01] Informatization and Information System (Part 6)

3 knowledge points

3.11 The 14th Five-Year Plan, the latest regulations, and new IT technologies

3.11.1 "The 14th Five-Year Plan and Outline of 2035 Long-term Goals"

knowledge points

1. Unswervingly implement 创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享the new development concept.
2. Looking forward to 2035, my country will basically realize socialist modernization. Achieve major breakthroughs in key core technologies and enter the forefront of innovative countries
. Basically realize 新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化，the establishment of a modern economic system. (High 21, upper 5)
3. Adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall situation of China's modernization drive, take it 科技自立自强as a strategic support for national development, face the world's
cutting-edge science and technology, face the main economic battlefield, face the country's major needs, and face the people's life and health, and carry out in-depth implementation 科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略, improve the national innovation system, and accelerate the construction of a scientific and technological power.
4. A new generation of artificial intelligence : breakthroughs in cutting-edge basic theories, research and development of dedicated chips, construction of open source algorithm platforms such as deep learning frameworks, and innovations in areas such as learning reasoning and decision-making, image graphics, voice and video, and natural language recognition processing.
5. Major scientific and technological infrastructure

6. Improve 技术创新市场导向the mechanism, strengthen 企业创新主体the position, promote the gathering of various innovation elements to enterprises, and form a 市场technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, guidance, and deep integration of production, learning, research and application. (Medium 21, 6-7)
7. In-depth implementation 制造强国of the strategy: Adhere to independent controllability, safety and efficiency, promote the industry 基础高级化、产业链现代化, maintain a basically stable proportion of the manufacturing industry, enhance the competitive advantage of the manufacturing industry, and promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.
8. In-depth implementation 智能制造and 绿色制造engineering, development of new service-oriented manufacturing models, and promotion of manufacturing 高端化\智能化\绿色化. Cultivate advanced manufacturing clusters, and promote the innovation and development of industries such as integrated circuits, aerospace, ship and ocean engineering equipment, robots, advanced rail transit equipment, advanced power equipment, construction machinery, high-end CNC machine tools, medicine and medical equipment. (Medium 21 Lower 6)
9. Improve the core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry
(1) Industrialized application of Beidou: break through technologies such as integration and integration of communication and navigation, build an innovation platform for Beidou application industry, and carry out typical demonstrations in industries such as communications, finance, energy, and civil aviation. Promote the market-scale and large-scale application of Beidou in consumer fields such as car navigation, smart phones, and wearable devices (
2) New energy vehicles and smart (connected) vehicles: breakthroughs in high-safety power batteries, high-efficiency drive motors, and high-performance power systems for new energy vehicles Accelerate the research and development of key components such as intelligent (connected) vehicle basic technology platforms, software and hardware systems, wire-controlled chassis, and intelligent terminals.
10. Developing and expanding strategic emerging industries: focusing on seizing opportunities for future industrial development, cultivating leading and pillar industries, and promoting the ** 融合化、集群化、生态化development of strategic emerging industries.
11. Build new pillars of the industrial system: 聚焦新一代信息技术、生物技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备、新能源汽车、绿色环保以及航空航天、海洋装备strategic emerging industries
12. Accelerate the construction of new infrastructure: focus on strengthening 数字转型、智能升级、融合创新support, layout 建设信息基础设施、融合基础设施、创新基础设施and other new infrastructure. Build a high-speed ubiquitous, space-ground integrated, integrated, interconnected, safe and efficient information infrastructure, and enhance data perception, transmission, storage, and computing capabilities. Accelerate the large-scale deployment of 5G networks, increase the user penetration rate 56%, and promote and upgrade 千兆光纤the network. Forward-looking layout of 6G network technology reserves.
13. Unimpeded domestic circulation: Relying on a strong domestic market, through the links of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption, a 需求牵引供给、供给创造需求higher level of dynamic balance is formed to promote a virtuous circle of the national economy.
14. Meet 数字时代, activate the potential of data elements, promote 网络强国建设, and accelerate the construction of 数字经济、数字社会、数字政府，以数字化转型an overall drive to change production methods, lifestyles, and governance methods. (High 21, lower 1)
15. Create new advantages of the digital economy: give full play to the advantages of massive data and rich application scenarios, promote deep integration 数字技术and 实体经济empowerment, 传统产业转型升级give birth to new industries, new formats and new models, and strengthen new engines of economic development.
16. Accelerate the promotion of digital industrialization: build 5G-based application scenarios and industrial ecology, and carry out pilot demonstrations in key areas such as intelligent transportation, smart logistics, smart energy, and smart medical care. Encourage enterprises to open up 搜索、电商、社交other data and develop the third-party big data service industry. Promote 共享经济、平台经济healthy development.
17. Promoting the digital transformation of the industry: further promote 服务业数字化转型and cultivate new growth points such as crowdsourcing design, smart logistics, and new retail. Accelerate development 智慧农业and promote the digital transformation of agricultural production, operation and management services.
18. Key industries of the digital economy
(1) Cloud computing: Accelerate the iterative upgrade of cloud operating systems, promote technological innovations such as ultra-large-scale distributed storage, elastic computing, and data virtual isolation, and improve cloud security 混合云to industry solutions and system integration , operation and maintenance management and other cloud service industries.
(2) Big data: Promote 大数据采集、清洗、存储、挖掘、分析、可视化算法and other technological innovations, cultivate data collection, labeling, storage, transmission, management, application and other full life cycle industrial systems, and improve the big data standard system.
(3) Internet of Things: Promote 传感器、网络切片、高精度定位and other technological innovations, coordinate the development of cloud services and edge computing services, and cultivate the Internet of Vehicles, Medical Internet of Things, and Home Internet of Things industries.
(4) Blockchain: Promote 智能合约、共识算法、加密算法、分布式系统blockchain technology innovation, focus on the development of blockchain service platforms and application solutions in financial technology, supply chain management, government services and other fields with the alliance chain as the focus, and improve the supervision mechanism.
(5) Artificial intelligence: Build artificial intelligence data sets for key industries, develop algorithmic reasoning training scenarios, promote the design and manufacture of intelligent products such as intelligent medical equipment, intelligent delivery vehicles, and intelligent identification systems, and promote the construction of generalized and industrial artificial intelligence open platforms.
19. Improve 数字政府the construction level: (1) Strengthen the openness and sharing of public data (2) Promote the co-construction and sharing of government informatization (3) Improve the efficiency of digital government
services Unify, build a digital rule system, create开放、健康、安全digital ecology.
21. Establish and improve market rules for data elements: Coordinate 数据开发利用、隐私保护和公共安全and accelerate the establishment of basic systems and standards for data resource property rights, transaction circulation, cross-border transmission, and security protection.
22. Improve macroeconomic governance: improve the 国家发展规划macroeconomic 财政政策和货币政策governance system that is strategically oriented and the main means, closely coordinated with employment, industry, investment, consumption, environmental protection, and regional policies, with optimized goals, reasonable division of labor, and efficient coordination.
23. Take the road of socialist rural revitalization with Chinese characteristics, fully implement the strategy of rural revitalization, strengthen the use of industry to supplement agriculture, and use the city to lead the countryside, promote the formation of a 工农互促、城乡互补、协调发展、共同繁荣new type of urban-rural relationship between industry and agriculture, and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

exercise

[Example 1-Middle 21] The "14th Five-Year Plan" proposes: to enhance the technological innovation capabilities of enterprises, and form a technological innovation system with (6) as the main body, (7) as the guidance, and deep integration of industry, education, research and application.
(6) A. Government B. Market C. Universities D. Enterprises
(7) A. Government B. Markets C. Universities D. Enterprises
[Example 2-High 21] According to the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the long-term goal of 2035 Outline, by 2035, China will enter the forefront of innovative countries and basically realize new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, ().
A. Agricultural modernization B. Regional integration C. Intelligence D. Digitalization
[Example 3-High 21] During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China paid attention to promoting the co-construction and sharing of government informatization, and promoted the construction of a community of shared future in cybersecurity space, which belongs to ()Construction Content.
A. Technological China B. Digital China C. Manufacturing China D. Innovative China
[Example 4-Middle 21] China's "14th Five-Year Plan and 2035 Long-term Target Outline" proposes to implement intelligent manufacturing and () engineering, and develop service-oriented Create new models.
A. High-end manufacturing B. Innovative manufacturing C. Service manufacturing D. Green manufacturing
[Example 5-Middle 21] In China's "14th Five-Year Plan and 2035 Long-term Goal Outline", Chapter 4 "Strengthening National Strategic Science and Technology Power", It is proposed to build strategic-oriented, application-supported, forward-looking leading and people's livelihood-improving major scientific and technological infrastructure, among which "future network test facilities" belong to () infrastructure.
A. Strategic-oriented B. Application-supported C. Forward-looking leading D. People's livelihood improvement

3.11.2 "The 14th Five-Year Plan" Software and Information Technology Service Industry Development Plan

knowledge points

1. Promoting the upgrading of the software industry chain mentioned:
重点突破工业软件。research and development and promotion of computer-aided design, simulation, calculation and other tool software, vigorously develop key industrial control software, and accelerate the industrial deployment of high value-added operation and maintenance and management software.
协同攻关应用软件。Facing the application needs of key industries such as finance, construction, energy, and transportation, accelerate breakthroughs in financial core business systems, building information modeling and building fire simulation, smart energy management, smart traffic management, smart office and other application software. (Zhong 22 Shangguang 6)
聚力攻坚基础软件。Improve operating system products and supporting tool sets for desktops, servers, mobile terminals, and vehicles, and promote the integration, adaptation, and optimization of operating systems and databases, middleware, office suites, security software, and various applications . Accelerate
the development and application promotion of products such as distributed databases, hybrid transaction analysis and processing databases, and shared memory database clusters. (High 22 Upper 5)
前瞻布局新兴平台软件。Accelerate the cultivation of internationally competitive software technologies and products in cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, 5G, blockchain, industrial Internet and other fields. Support the development of new lightweight platforms such as small programs and quick applications.

exercise

[Example 6-High 22] In the "14th Five-Year Plan" Software and Information Technology Service Industry Development Plan, the main task of ( ) is to develop and plan to improve operating system products such as desktops, > servers, mobile terminals, and vehicles, and The supporting tool set promotes the integration, adaptation and optimization of operating systems and databases, middleware, office suites, security software and various applications.
A. Collaborative research on application software B. Forward-looking layout of emerging platform software
C. Concentrating on tackling basic software D. Key breakthroughs in industrial
software 》, "Accelerating breakthroughs" in the construction of financial core business systems > Information modeling and building fire simulation Smart energy management, smart traffic management, smart office, etc., belong to the work content of the ( ) task.
A. Key breakthroughs in industrial software B. Collaborative research on application software
C. Focus on basic software for tackling key problems D. Forward-looking layout of new platform software

3.11.3 "14th Five-Year" National Informatization Plan

knowledge points

1. Guiding ideology: With the theme of promoting high-quality development, construction 数字中国as the general goal, and accelerated 数字化development as the general focus, play 信息化a driving and leading role in economic and social development, promote 新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化simultaneous development, and accelerate the construction of a modern economic system. (Zhong 22 Shanghai Guangzhou 3)
2. Coordinate the construction 物联、数联、智联of a three-in-one new metropolitan IoT private network, accelerate the coordinated deployment of 5G and the Internet of Things, and improve the resource sharing and comprehensive utilization of sensing facilities. (high 22 upper 4)

exercise

[Example 8-High 22] According to the major tasks and key projects of the "14th Five-Year Plan" National Informatization Plan, it is necessary to coordinate the construction of a new metropolitan IoT private network that integrates the Internet of Things, () and Zhilian, and accelerate 5G and The coordinated deployment of the Internet of Things improves the level of resource sharing and comprehensive utilization of sensing facilities.
A. Number connection B. Vehicle connection C. Network connection D. City connection

[Example 9-Middle 22] The "14th Five-Year Plan" National Informatization Plan pointed out that, with the theme of promoting high-quality development, the construction of () as the overall goal, and the acceleration of () development as the general focus, play driving role in social development.
A. Network power; informatization; digital network
B. Digital China; digitization; informatization
C. Manufacturing power; manufacturing; intelligent manufacturing
D. Intelligent power; intelligence; digital intelligence

3.11.4 "The 14th Five-Year Plan" Digital Economy Development Plan

knowledge points

1. The State Council issued the "14th Five-Year" Digital Economy Development Plan (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), emphasizing that it 数据要素is the core engine for the deepening development of the digital economy; until 2025年the initial establishment of the data element market system. The "Plan" also proposes to give full play to the role of data elements; accelerate the marketization and circulation of data elements; encourage enterprises, research institutions and other entities to 区块链等数字技术explore related applications based on. (high 22 upper 6)

exercise

[Example 10-High 22] The "14th Five-Year" Digital Economy Development Plan clearly states that the () element is the core engine for the deepening development of the digital economy.
A. Data B. Information C. Technology D. Resources

3.11.5 "The 14th Five-Year Plan" Intensive Integration Development Plan of Informatization and Industrialization

knowledge points

1. The digital transformation of the industry has achieved remarkable results. The pace of digital transformation in key industries such as raw materials, equipment manufacturing, consumer goods, electronic information, green manufacturing, and safe production has accelerated, and the 数字化、网络化、智能化overall level has continued to improve. (Medium 22, all 6)

exercise

[Example 11-Zhong 22] The "14th Five-Year Plan" In-depth Integration of Informatization and Industrialization Development Plan puts forward the goals of industrial digital transformation with remarkable results: digitalization of key industries such as raw materials, electronic information, green manufacturing, and safe production The pace of transformation has accelerated, and the overall level of ( ) has continued to improve.
A. Industrialization, informatization, marketization,
B. Digitization, networking, and intelligence
C. Flat, platform, and ecological
D. Networking, intelligence, and personalization

3.11.6 "Critical Information Infrastructure Security Protection Regulations"

knowledge points

1. Operators should conduct or entrust network security service organizations to conduct network security inspections and risk assessments of key information infrastructure 每年至少进行一次, promptly rectify any security issues found, and report the situation in accordance with the requirements of the protection department. (High 21, low 5)
2. Under the overall coordination of the national network information department, 国务院公安部门be responsible for guiding and supervising the security protection of key information infrastructure. 国务院电信主管部门and other relevant departments are responsible for the security protection, supervision and management of key information infrastructure within their respective scope of duties in accordance with these Regulations and relevant laws and administrative regulations. 省级人民政府有关部门Implement security protection, supervision and management of critical information infrastructure according to their respective responsibilities.
3. Public communication and information services, energy, transportation, water conservancy, finance, public services, e-government, national defense science and technology industry and other important industries and fields involve the departments responsible for the security protection of key information infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as the protection 重要行业和领域的主管部门、监督管理部门department ).

exercise

[Example 12-High 21] The "Regulations on the Security Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure" (Decree No. 745 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China) will come into effect on September 1, 2021. Infrastructure ( ) network security detection and risk assessment.
A. at least once every two years B. once a year C. at least once every six months D. at least once a quarter

3.11.7 "Notice on Accelerating the Digital Transformation of State-owned Enterprises"

knowledge points

1. Grasp the direction and accelerate the promotion of industrial digital innovation
(1) Digitalization of product innovation: improve the digitalization level and level of product and service planning, implementation and optimization process to create differentiated, scenario-based and intelligent
digital products and services
(2) Production Intelligent operation: Promote cross-enterprise integration and intelligent operation, and build an intelligent site
(3) 用户服务敏捷化: Build a digital marketing network and build an agile response 服务体系、探索平台化.集成化、场景化增值服务(High 21 Lower 8)
(4) Ecologicalization of the industrial system: Build a digital ecological collaboration platform for the industrial chain, Explore new models of cross-enterprise, cross-industry, and cross-border cooperation
2. Implement the decision-making arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on promoting 新一代信息技术and 制造业in-depth integration and creating new advantages, promote the development of state-owned enterprises, and enhance competitiveness, innovation, control, influence, Anti-risk ability, improve industrial basic ability and industrial chain modernization level数字经济数字化、网络化、智能化

exercise

[Example 13-High 21] The "Notice on Accelerating the Digital Transformation of State-owned Enterprises" issued by the General Office of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council in August 2020 proposed four transformation directions, among which "explore platformization, integration, and scenario-based "Value-added service" belongs to the content of promotion ().
A. Digitalization of product innovation B. Intelligent production and operation C. Agile user service D. Ecological industrial system

3.11.8 "5G Application "Sailing" Action Plan (2021-2023)"

knowledge points

1. Overall goal: By 2023, my country's 5G application development level will be significantly improved, and its comprehensive strength will continue to increase. Create IT（信息技术）、CT（通信技术）、OT（运营技术）a new ecology of deep integration, achieve double breakthroughs in the depth and breadth of 5G applications in key areas, build the dual pillars of the technology industry and the standard system, 网络、平台、安全and further improve basic capabilities
. (High 21 Bottom 16) (Middle 21 Bottom 3)
2. 5G integrated applications are 数字化、网络化、智能化an important engine to promote economic and social transformation. Form 需求牵引供给,供给创造需求a high-level development model of " ", drive the upgrading of production methods, lifestyles and governance methods, and cultivate and strengthen new kinetic energy for economic and social development
3. Basic principles: adhere 需求牵引to innovation-driven, persist 重点突破, 协同联动
persist Smart lighting, smart security monitoring, smart speakers, new wearable devices, service robots, cloud AR/VR headsets, 5G+4K cameras, 5G panoramic VR cameras5, 5G+ converged media: 5G backpacks, ultra-high-definition cameras, 5G OB vans
, 5G+8K live broadcast, 5G+ panoramic interactive

exercise

[Example 14-High 21] According to the 5G application development level issued in 2021, the development level has been significantly improved, and the comprehensive strength has been continuously strengthened to create () a new ecology of deep integration. (1) Information Technology (2) Communication Technology (3) Operation Technology (4) Network Technology
A.(1)(2)(3) B.(1)(2)(4) C.(2)(3) (4) D. (1) (3) (4)
[Example 15-Center 21] According to the notice issued in 2021 on the "5G Application "Sailing" Action Plan (2021-2023)", by 2023, China's The development level of 5G applications has been significantly improved, and the comprehensive strength has continued to increase, creating a new ecology of () deep integration.
①Information Technology (IT) ②Communication Technology (CT) ③Network Technology (NT) ④Operational Technology (OT)
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.②③④ D.①②③

3.11.9 "Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China"

knowledge points

1. The "Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" 2021年11月1日has come into effect since then. (Middle 21, lower 2)
2. If the personal information processor processes dissatisfied 十四周岁未成年人personal information, it shall obtain
the consent of the minor's parents or other guardians. (high 21 low 19)
3. Personal information protection impact assessment reports and processing records should be kept at least 三年.
4. 国家网信部门Responsible for overall planning and coordination of personal information protection work and related supervision and management work.

exercise

[Example 16-High 21] The "Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" implemented in 2021 stipulates that when personal information processors process personal information of minors under the age of (), they shall obtain the information from the minor's parents or guardians. agree.
A. Twelve B. Fourteen C. Sixteen D. Eighteen
[Example 17-Middle 21] The "Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" will come into force in 2021 ().
A. January 1st B. October 15th C. November 1st D. November 15th

3.11.10 "Opinions on Constructing a More Complete System and Mechanism for Factor Market Allocation"

knowledge points

1. Clearly 数据listing " " and traditional elements such as land, labor, capital, and technology as one of the elements will help stimulate
the vitality of data elements, accelerate the cultivation of data element markets, and promote the development of the digital economy. (Medium 21 Lower 1)

exercise

[Example 18-Middle 21 below] In April 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Constructing a More Complete System and Mechanism for the Market-oriented Allocation of Factors", which for the first time included ( ) as a new type of production factor in the document.
A. Capital B. Labor C. Knowledge D. Data

3.11.11 "Network Security Law of the People's Republic of China"

knowledge points

June 1, 2022 is an important date for the fifth anniversary of the promulgation and implementation of the "Network Security Law of the People's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as the "Cyber ​​Security Law"). As an important law for the implementation of cyberspace jurisdiction in our country, the "Cyber ​​Security Law" is an important symbol of the basic legal framework for our country's cyber security work, and it is also a direct manifestation of the basic strategy of governing the country according to law. Powerful countries provide important institutional guarantees. 自2017年6月1日《网络安全法》正式颁布实施后，我国先后于2019年12月1日开始实施《信息安全技术网络安全等级保护基本要求》2.0版;2020年1月1日，《中华人民共和国密码法》起正式施行; 2021年颁布了《中华人民共和国数据安全法》《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》《关键信息基础设施保护安全条例》《网络产品安全漏洞管理规定》and a series of laws and regulations have gradually formed a network security legal system based on the "Network Security Law" as the legal framework. (high 22 upper 11)

exercise

[Example 19-High 22] Wang, a legal person of a company, purchased 3,646 pieces of personal information from the Internet for more than 3,000 yuan, and distributed the purchased information to employees for business promotion. The local police fined Wang 100,000 yuan in accordance with ( ) regulations.
A. Copyright Law B. Computer Software Protection Regulations C. Network Security Law D. General Principles of Civil Law

3.11.12 "Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China"

knowledge points

The "Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China" will come into force on September 1, 2021.
Article 6 All regions and departments are responsible for the data and data security collected and generated in the work of the region and department.
Competent departments of industry, telecommunications, transportation, finance, natural resources, health, education, science and technology, etc. are responsible for data security supervision in their respective industries and fields.
公安机关、国家安全机关In accordance with the provisions of this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations, they shall undertake data security supervision duties within the scope of their respective duties.
国家网信部门In accordance with the provisions of this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations, it is responsible for overall planning and coordination of network data security and related supervision work. Office of the Cyber ​​Security and Informatization Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (abbreviation 国家网信部门、网信办) (high 22 upper 16)

exercise

[Example 20-High 22] () In accordance with the "Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China" and relevant laws and administrative regulations, be responsible for coordinating network data security and related supervision work.
A. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology B. Ministry of Public Security C. State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission D. Net letter

3.11.13 "National Standardization Development Program"

knowledge points

In the general requirements section of the "National Standardization Development Outline", the "Outline" puts forward the development goals for 2025 and 2035: by 2025, China's standardization development will achieve "four transformations", that is, the standard supply will be changed, and the standard application will be changed by the industry 政府主导向政府与市场并重. The transformation from trade-oriented to the whole economy and society, the transformation of standardization work from domestic drive to domestic and international mutual promotion, and the transformation of standardization development from quantitative scale to quality and benefit. (high 22 upper 17)

exercise

[Example 21-High 22] In the development goals of the "National Standardization Development Outline", it is mentioned that by 2025, the standard supply will be transformed from government-led to ().
A. Market-led B. Industry-led C. Government and market are equally important D. Market and industry associations are equally important

3.11.14 "IT New Technology"

1. New Infrastructure\Metaverse\East Counting West Counting

knowledge points

1. New infrastructure construction (referred to as: 新基建), mainly includes 5G基站建设、特高压、城际高速铁路和城市轨道交通、新能源汽车充电桩、大数据中心、人工智能、工业互联网seven areas. (Zhong 22 Shangguang 8)
2. Metaverse is 与现实世界映射与交互的虚拟世界a digital living space with a new social system that is linked and created by using technological means. The metaverse is essentially 虚拟化、数字化a process of the real world, which requires extensive transformation of content production, economic systems, user experience, and physical world content. However, the development of the metaverse is gradual. It is finally formed by the continuous integration and evolution of many tools and platforms under the support of shared infrastructure, standards and protocols. It provides an immersive experience based on extended reality technology and generates a mirror image of the real world based on digital twin technology. Based on 区块链技术building an economic system, it closely integrates the virtual world with the real world in terms of economic system, social system, and identity system, and allows each user to edit content. Production and world editing.
Metaverse mainly has the following core technologies: (high 22 upper 7)
First 扩展现实技术, it includes VR and AR. Extended reality technology can provide an immersive experience and solve problems that mobile phones cannot solve.
The second is 数字孪生to be able to mirror the real world into the virtual world. This also means that in the metaverse, we can see many virtual clones of ourselves.
The third is 区块链to build an economic system. With further development, the degree of simulation of the entire real society is strengthened, and we may not only spend money in the metaverse, but also make money, so that an economic system is also formed in the virtual world.
Metaverse has six supporting technologies: ①区块链技术、②交互技术、③电子游戏相关技术、④人工智能、⑤网络及运算技术及⑥物联网技术, and this "technology cluster" is collectively referred to as "BIGANT" (big ant) ​​with the
initials 数据中心、云计算、大数据.将东部算力需求有序引导到西部, optimize the construction layout of the data center, and promote the coordinated linkage between the east and the west. Simply put, it is to allow the computing power resources in the west to more fully support the calculation of data in the east and better empower digital development. The "number" in "East counting and west calculation" refers to 数据, and "calculation" refers 算力to the ability to process data. (Middle 22 Upper Full 21)
Because of the advantages of the west 自然环境, the "East Counts West" project chose the West as the big data center. Most of China's data centers are distributed in the east. Due to the increasingly tight resources such as land and energy, large-scale development of data in the east The center is unsustainable. The western region of my country is rich in resources, especially renewable energy, and has the potential to develop data centers and undertake the computing power needs of the eastern region. To this end, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of our country's system and mechanism, integrate the layout from a national perspective, optimize resource allocation, and improve the efficiency of resource use. (high 22 upper 20)

exercise

【Example 22-High 22】Because of the advantages of () in the west, the "Digital from the East and Computation from the West" project chose the West as the big data center. A. Natural environment B. Educational environment C. Humanistic environment
D. Technology environment
The project of Counting from the West, the incorrect description of the project is ().
A. The western region of China is rich in renewable resources and has the potential to develop data centers
B. The construction of communication networks in China is developing rapidly, and the bandwidth continues to increase
C. The development of artificial intelligence is the technical basis for the implementation of this project
D. There are a large number of resources in the eastern region of China Computing power requirements
[Example 24-High 22] Metaverse itself is not a technology, but an idea and concept. It needs to integrate different new technologies, emphasizing the integration of reality and reality. The metaverse mainly has the following core technologies: one is (), including VR, AR and MR, which can provide immersive experience; the other is (), which can mirror the real world into the virtual world. In the metaverse, We can see many virtual clones of ourselves; the third is to use () to build an economic system.
The economic system will have the adjustment function of the real world through stable virtual property rights and mature decentralized financial ecology , and the market will determine the virtual value created by user labor.
A. Extended reality, digital twin, blockchain B. Augmented reality, virtual technology, blockchain
C. Augmented reality, digital twin, big data D. Extended reality, virtual technology, big data
[Example 25-Zhong 22 Shanghai Guangzhou 】 () does not belong to the content of new infrastructure construction (new infrastructure).
A. Industrial Internet B. Expressway C. Big data center D. 5G

2. Beidou System\Digital Economy\VSS

knowledge points

4. The Beidou system consists of 空间段、地面段和用户段three parts.
◆ 空间段It consists of several geostationary orbit satellites, inclined geosynchronous orbit satellites and medium-circle earth orbit satellites.
◆ 地面段Including several ground stations such as master control station, time synchronization/injection station and monitoring station, as well as inter-satellite link operation management facilities.
◆ 用户段Including Beidou and other basic products compatible with satellite navigation systems such as chips, modules, and antennas, as well as terminal equipment, application systems, and application services.
5. Digital economy : Promote the sustainable and healthy development of the digital economy: firmly grasp the autonomy of developing the digital economy in your own hands. It is necessary to promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, guide the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, fully tap the development potential of the industrial Internet, and promote the new generation of information technology to empower equipment, value enterprises, and industries. To 厘清数据所有权、使用权、运营权、收益权等权利build a more secure and efficient data element market. It is necessary to strengthen overall coordination, innovate regulatory methods, improve the digital economy governance system, and stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises on the basis of ensuring national network and data security. It is necessary to encourage international cooperation in the digital economy and actively participate in the process of global digital governance. The global digital economy is showing 智能化、量子化、跨界融合、深度渗透、变革速度指数化new features such as. We must strive to adapt to the all-round changes brought about by the digital economy and improve our overall national strength and international competitiveness.
6. VSS (Digital Twin Venue Simulation System), related technical personnel will 现实的赛场和物联网combine modeling through modeling, which allows the audience to " 沉浸式watch the game" in a "like" way. Among them, the "+" technology independently developed by our country is used 自由视角, and the broadcast adopts ultra-high-definition 4K format, and some important events will also use 8K format. Although affected by the epidemic, many spectators and reporters were unable to watch the Winter Olympics at the scene, but with these broadcast "black technologies", they can watch the events in more comprehensive and detail.

3. Digital Twins\Edge Computing\Ubiquitous Computing\Quantum Computing

knowledge points

7. Digital twin : It makes full use of data such as physical models, sensor updates, and operation history, and integrates multi-disciplinary, multi-physical quantities, multi-scale, and multi-probability, so as to 仿真过程reflect 虚拟空间中完成映射the entire life cycle process of the corresponding physical equipment. A digital twin is a concept beyond reality that can be viewed as a digital twin of one or more important, interdependent equipment systems.
8. Edge computing : refers to 在靠近物或数据源头的一侧an open platform that integrates network, computing, storage, and application core capabilities 提供最近端服务. Its applications are launched on the edge side to generate faster network service responses and meet the basic needs of the industry in terms of real-time business, application intelligence, security and privacy protection. Edge computing sits between the physical entity and the industrial connection, or on top of the physical entity. With cloud computing, historical data from edge computing can still be accessed.
9. Ubiquitous computing : A computing method based on intelligent technology that can be performed anytime and anywhere without relying on any form of artificial equipment. Also known as "pervasive computing". Ubiquitous computing emphasizes computing and the environment. One year later, users can be "anywhere, everywhere and invisible" computing environment. In this environment, computing is no longer limited to the desktop, and users can use handheld devices, wearable Devices or other conventional and unconventional computing devices can enjoy computing power and information resources without barriers. The ubiquitous computing model will bring a new revolution to the way people enjoy computing and information. 10. Quantum computing:
it is a 量子力学规律调控量子信息单元进行计算A new computing model. Known as the "Information Age"核武器". From the perspective of computable problems, quantum computers can only solve problems that traditional computers can solve. However, from the perspective of computational efficiency, due to the existence of quantum mechanical superposition, some known quantum algorithms can solve problems faster. It should be faster than traditional general-purpose computers. In March 2022, the Quantum Computing Hefei Technology Innovation Center jointly established by Origin Quantum and the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences passed the certification and became the first technology innovation center built around quantum information technology in China.

4. Swarm Intelligence Collaborative Computing\Industrial Internet

knowledge points

11. Crowd Intelligence Collaborative Computing : Large-scale Internet user groups are not only users of various application services, but also contributors to cyberspace big data and application services, which constitute the support for a large number of successful applications 群智资源. On this basis, a new type of computing model has been developed, called swarm intelligence collaborative computing. Its core lies in the effective management and collaborative utilization of swarm intelligence resources in an open network environment to maximize swarm intelligence.
Researchers from the fields of artificial intelligence, big data, computer collaborative work, and human-computer interaction have conducted research on this from different academic perspectives, and proposed research directions such as crowdsourcing, human computing, swarm intelligence, and social computing. It has also launched a large number of platforms and applications that support swarm intelligence collaboration.
From a technical point of view, swarm intelligence collaborative computing integrates new artificial intelligence technologies such as big data and statistical machine learning on the basis of collaborative computing. Swarm intelligence collaborative computing has become an important computing model supporting Internet application services. Its core is to effectively manage and collaboratively utilize swarm intelligence resources gathered on the Internet, so as to better use swarm intelligence resources to complete various tasks.
From a technical point of view, swarm intelligence collaborative computing integrates collaborative computing and a new generation of artificial intelligence technology. It is an important technical trend and research hotspot to improve the realization effect of swarm intelligence through big data and statistical machine learning.
12. Industrial Internet : It is 新一代信息通信技术与工业经济深度融合a new type of infrastructure, application mode and industrial ecology. Through peer-to-peer 人、机、物、系统comprehensive connections, a new manufacturing and service system covering the entire industry chain and the entire value chain is built, providing a 数字化、网络化、智能化way for industry and even industrial development. , is 第四次工业革命an important cornerstone. Industrial Internet 不是互联网在工业的简单应用，而是具有更为丰富的内涵和外延. It is based on the network, the platform is the center, the data is the element, and the security is the guarantee. It is not only the infrastructure for industrial digitalization, networking, and intelligent transformation, but also an application model for the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and the real economy. It is also a new format and industry, which will reshape the corporate form, supply chain and industrial chain.

5. Intelligent epidemic prevention personnel \ wearable devices \ information physical system (CPS)

knowledge points

13. Intelligent epidemic prevention personnel : 8 inspection links such as identification and intelligent temperature measurement can be completed within one second, quickly judge the health status of relevant personnel, maximize the efficiency of information verification, and achieve safe, convenient and fast passage. The robot has its own sensing equipment, which can quickly identify the identity of the person and quickly judge its health status. Information such as ID photos, nucleic acid tests, and vaccinations will be displayed on the display screen, and status prompts such as "no abnormality seen" will be given. This series of actions can be completed in just one second, and can also ensure that the accuracy of human body temperature detection is within 0.2°C.
14. Wearable devices : Athletes' personal equipment can be said to be a collection of cutting-edge technologies of wearable devices. During high-intensity physical training, athletes need to know their real-time dynamics such as ECG, blood pressure, blood oxygen, body temperature, etc., whether they have been overtrained, and how stress and emotions have changed? All of these need to be realized through a large number of sensors. In this Winter Olympics, in addition to the athletes’ down jackets that broke the Guinness World Record, there is also a curling brush with its own memory. This kind of curling brush can record various indicators of athletes and provide reference data for coaches to select athletes. , It can also be used as a reference for athletes to continuously improve their performance. In addition, there are "armpit band-aids"
, which are not real band-aids, but smart thermometers. This unique thermometer is as small as a band-aid, and it only needs to be pasted on the skin to monitor athletes in real time. As well as the body temperature of the staff, it is not only small in size, but also highly accurate.
15. Cyber-Physical System (CPS) : As a unity of computing process and physical process, it is a next-generation intelligent system integrating computing, communication and control. Cyber-physical systems interact with physical processes through human-computer interaction interfaces, and use cyberspace to manipulate a physical entity in a remote, reliable, real-time, secure, and collaborative manner. Cyber-physical systems include system engineering such as environmental perception, embedded computing, network communication, and network control that will be ubiquitous in the future, enabling physical systems to have computing, communication, precise control, remote collaboration, and autonomy functions. It focuses on the close combination and adjustment of computing resources and physical resources, and is mainly used in some intelligent systems such as device interconnection, IoT sensing, smart home, robots, and intelligent navigation.

6. Digital supply chain\5G\6G (sixth generation mobile communication technology)

knowledge points

16. Digital supply chain : Based on the new generation of information technology and modern management concepts and methods such as the Internet, Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, etc., it is guided by value creation and driven by data, and conducts overall planning, design and operation of supply chain activities new supply chain. The digital supply chain uses digital means to improve the speed and efficiency of the supply chain, which not only brings economic benefits to enterprises, but also affects the speed and quality of the national economic cycle on a larger scale and at a deeper level, and improves circulation efficiency. The title of the upgrade should have meaning.
17. 5G : It is 高速率、低时延和大连接a new generation of broadband mobile communication technology with characteristics. 5G communication facilities are the network infrastructure to realize the interconnection of humans, machines and things. (All 1 in middle 22)
18. 6G (sixth generation mobile communication technology) : will use "spatial multiplexing technology", 6G base stations will be able to access hundreds or even thousands of wireless connections at the same time, and its capacity will reach 1000 times that of 5G base stations. Several key indicators to measure 6G technology:
(1) The peak transmission speed is achieved 100Gbps- 1Tbps, while 5G is only 10Gpbs
(2) The indoor positioning accuracy reaches 10 cm, and the outdoor is 1 meter, which is 10 times higher than 5G
(3) Communication 时延0.1毫秒, which is 5G’s One in ten
(4) The probability of interruption is less than one in a million, with ultra-high reliability
(5) The density of connected devices reaches over a hundred per cubic meter, with ultra-high density
(6) Using 太赫兹（THz）频段communication, the network capacity has been greatly improved

exercise

[Example 26-Zhong 22] The fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) is a new generation of broadband mobile communication technology, ( ) is not a feature of 5G.
A. High speed B. Macro base station C. Large connection D. Low latency

7. New Four Modernizations\Green Manufacturing\Shanghai Cloud

knowledge points

19. New Four Modernizations : The Fifth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Party put forward the long-term goal of basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035, and took "basically realizing 新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化" (new four modernizations) as an important development goal. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, it is urgent to promote the digitalization and digital industrialization of the industry through the deep integration of the two industries, accelerate the quality change, efficiency change and power change, empower the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and strengthen the new engine of economic development. "to provide strong support.
20. Green manufacturing : implement the " 互联网+”绿色制造action, guide enterprises to apply new generation information technology to build online pollutant discharge monitoring system, underground pipe network leakage detection system, intelligent management Process dynamic monitoring, precise control and optimized management, promote carbon emission reduction, and help achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Accelerate the digitalization of the green manufacturing system, promote the software packaging of green technologies, and cultivate a number of digital and modular green manufacturing solutions , to promote the application of mature green manufacturing technologies. Establish an information engineering platform for ecological and environmental protection in the industrial field, focus on the entire life cycle of key products in key industries, strengthen data sharing and co-governance among departments, and build a public database of resources, energy and pollutants. Improve the level of resource and energy management.
21. Going to the cloud : To solve the problem of equipment energy consumption, it is necessary to carry out the equipment. 科学化、集中化、数据化管理" 上云" has become a new choice to solve: the problem of equipment energy consumption. 设备上云助力节能减碳The cloud of industrial equipment is a leading and leading , Demonstrative application, which can lead the iterative upgrade of industrial Internet technology and business model, and at the same time can drive the evolution of industrial Internet functions and large-scale commercial use, with broad development prospects.

8. Nouns for new technologies

knowledge points

22. Explanation of some technical terms
(1) ROS is a robot software platform that can provide operating system-like functions for heterogeneous computer clusters.
(2) OpenCV : Open source computer vision framework, is a programming function library mainly for real-time computer vision.
(3) Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) , a natural language processing toolkit, is the most commonly used Python library in the NLP field.
(4) ARToolKit is a library written in C/C++ language, through which we can easily write augmented reality applications.
(5) DataNode is a software node running on a separate machine in the HDFS instance. Distributed file system HDFS: A distributed file system suitable for running on general-purpose hardware. It is a highly fault-tolerant system suitable for deployment on cheap machines.
(6) MapReduce is a parallel computing framework for large-scale data sets. (High 22 Upper 3)
(7) Hive is a data warehouse tool based on Hadoop, used for data extraction, transformation and loading.
(8) Hbase is a distributed, column-oriented open source database.
(9) Dockeris a containerization platform that packages an application and all its dependencies together in the form of a container to ensure that the application runs seamlessly in any environment, be it development, test or production. (High 22 to 10)
(10) Spark is a fast and general-purpose computing engine designed for large-scale data processing.
(11) Spring Cloud is a complete set of microservice solutions based on the Spring Boot framework. To be precise, it is not a framework, but a large container. It integrates better microservice frameworks on the market to simplify developed.

exercise

[Example 27-High 22] () is a new type of computer model, the core of which is to effectively manage and systematically utilize the resources of large-scale Internet user groups in an open network environment to maximize intelligence.
A. Swarm Intelligence Coordinated Computing B. Edge Computing C. Ubiquitous Computing D. Quantum Collaborative Computing
[Example 28-High 22] At present, a large number of professional deep learning frameworks have emerged in the field of artificial intelligence segmentation, among which ( ) is good at natural language deal with.
A.ROS B.OpenCV C.NLTK D.ARToolKit
[Example 29-High 22] () is a containerized platform that packages applications and all dependencies together in the form of containers to ensure that applications can be used in any environment run seamlessly.
A.OOA B.Spark C.Docker D.Spring cloud

reference answer