【introduction】
This article continues the PS tutorial (1) above , and then summarizes the PS
PS The preliminary work is to engage in constituencies, the mid-term work is to create, and the later work is to color grading
PS is a bitmap software, edited based on pixels, and paths are vector elements
【planning】
The plan remains unchanged. In the future, I will study for a period of time every night. The time period is planned to be 7:00---10:30
【List】
(13) Noose tool;
(14) magic tools;
(15) Quick selection tool;
(16) Editing adjustment of constituencies;
(17) historical tools;
(18) Brushes and erasers;
(19) Image restoration;
【main body】
(13) Noose tool
Function: Create irregular selection areas, and intelligently and quickly create selection areas according to the edge of the image
The main content is lasso tool, polygon lasso tool, magnetic lasso tool, magic wand tool, quick selection tool
①How to use the lasso tool
Click the left button of the mouse and drag the mouse to establish the edge of the selection area. After the end, the first position is automatically combined to generate the ant line.
②Polygonal lasso
Click on the key points of the screen to link directly
Closing: When preparing to close, you can press Enter or click or Ctrl+left-click in addition to closing with the mouse;
Back/Delete point: delete the previous point through Backspace or Delete;
Redraw: Esc (empty before drawing is complete);
Extensibility: the Polygonal Lasso tool can draw outside the document, while the Free Lasso cannot
③Switch between the nesting tool and the polygonal lasso tool
When drawing a selection, hold down the Alt key to toggle the lasso tool
④ Establish complex and precise polygon selection
Use vector tools like a pen
⑤Magnetic lasso tool
In the same way as the polygonal lasso, click to create a hair point, and create a selection through the hair point. The edge line automatically has a control point, and the control point has a magnetic adsorption function. Control points can intelligently identify pixel edges and attach to more obvious edge parts to create precise selections
⑥Switch between magnetic lasso and polygonal lasso
While drawing a selection, hold down the Alt key to toggle the mutual lasso tool
⑦Magnetic lasso hair point deletion
Same as polygon lasso, if you want to delete the last hair point, you can press Delete or Backspace
⑧Magnetic lasso option bar parameters
width, contrast, frequency
Width: The smaller the value, the smaller the recognition range; the larger the width, the larger the recognition range. When the recognition range is small, the mouse needs to be close to the image
Contrast: For images with sharp edges, use high contrast and high width; for blurred edges, use low contrast and low width
Frequency: Adjust the number of magnetic control points, the more the control points, the more detailed the selection area, but the longer the calculation time
(14) Magic Tools
Advantage: Selection is smarter than the Magnetic Lasso tool
Function: quickly turn an area of similar color into a selection
Options bar parameters:
①Sampling size
Sampling point: sampling with single-pixel color information; 3x3: average value of 9 similar pixels; others are deduced by analogy
②Tolerance
The difference value refers to the difference between the color values. The larger the tolerance, the larger the recognition range, and vice versa. Max: 255; Min: 0;
③Continuous
If checked, only similar elements that are adjacent to each other can be selected; if not checked, all elements with similar colors on the image will be selected
④Sampling all layers
Check Sample all layers, you can select the color of the unselected layer; if unchecked, only the elements of the currently selected layer will be selected
⑤ Magic Wand Tool Quick Cutout
For a relatively simple background, when we cut out the image, right-click the background color and select Invert to select the image in reverse.
⑥Color range
Similar to the magic wand, there is an option for a color range. After clicking, the color range pop-up box will appear, and then use the eyedropper tool to absorb the background color, or you can quickly select the selection area of the same color
⑦Disadvantages/Limitations
For more complex transition colors and edges, they cannot be selected well, and burrs are prone to appear. Because it only calculates the color of the pixel, and does not do more comprehensive intelligent calculations. So use it depending on the situation.
(15) Quick Selection Tool
Quick Selection Tool Makes a Big Difference in Cutouts
Options Bar Parameters
①Customize the panel
②Three modes: new selection, add to selection, subtract from selection. no cross mode
③Brush Picker: Size, Hardness, Interval
Size: the range of brush recognition, the smaller the brush, the finer the recognition;
Hardness: edge recognition ability;
Interval: the degree of coherence of the recognition
④Auto-enhancement: The ability to recognize edges is enhanced after checking
⑤ Adjust the edge
Selection edges can be optimized. After bringing up the Adjust Edges dialog, you can make adjustments such as smoothing, feathering, contrast, moving edges, etc. to make the edges softer.
At the bottom click Select - New Layer with Layer Mask. Use masks to continue refining the selection
⑥Practice : Quick Selection Tool Cutout
If multiple selections are made during the cutout process, you can hold down Alt+drag to cut; hold down Shift+drag to increase
(16) Editing adjustment of selection area
1. Common editing commands and operations for selection
2. Constituency Transparency
3. Connection of constituencies and paths
①Move the selection
In addition to moving in this file, you can also drag to other files, just drag directly;
②Drag in place
If you want to drag in place to other files, hold down Shift before the end of dragging to drag in place. Premise: Both files are of equal size. When the size is different, it will go to the document center. If there is a constituency, it will go to the center of the constituency
③Selection transformation
Right-click in the selection - Transform Selection; or select from the menu bar - Transform Selection. After clicking, the joystick handle will appear similar to the transform control in the options bar parameter of the previous move tool. Right-click menu to choose bevel, warp, perspective, warp, scale, horizontal flip, vertical flip , etc.
④ Cancel selection/transform
Cancel the selection/transform, Esc or click the cancel button in the upper right corner
⑤Reverse command
Right-click and select Reverse or the menu bar --- Select --- Reverse (Ctrl+Shift+I), select Reverse and click Delete to delete the currently selected object
⑥ Feathering
The options bar of the selection tool has a feathering option to make a selection with soft edges and transitions. If the feathering value is not set in the early stage, you can make a selection first, then right-click and set the feathering value in the feathering dialog box; or the menu bar---select---modify---feathering. Feathering will affect the edge of the selection, the ant line, and look distorted
⑦ Fill
Shift+F5 or menu bar --- Edit --- Fill to bring up the dialog box for filling settings. Fill foreground color: Alt+Delete; fill back color/background color: Ctrl+Delete;
⑧ Transparency
You can see the difference in transparency through the fill color. Make a semi-transparent selection: open the channel panel - create a new channel - make a selection - fill with a color with transparency - cancel the selection - click on the lower left corner to load the channel as a selection. Then fill in the layer selection to get a semi-transparent selection.
⑨Selection and channel
The constituency can be stored in the channel, and the two are closely related
⑩ Expand the constituency
For example, after selecting the magic wand, right-click to expand the selection or the menu bar - select - expand the selection;
11. Pick Similar
Areas with similar colors will be selected, right-click the selection similar or the menu bar - select - selection similar; similar to the color range command
12. Adjust the edges
After selecting the selection area with the magic wand, right-click to adjust the edge/option bar and click the adjust edge button/menu bar---select---adjust the edge/shortcut Ctrl+Alt+R; after adjusting the edge, refine the selection area, perfect cutout
13. Boundary Command
The border command can make the border into a selection, the menu bar - select - modify - border.
①After setting the relative width, you can turn the selection boundary into a boundary selection with a width. looks similar to a ring effect
②Smooth: After setting the corresponding value, you can smooth the sharp corners of the edge of the selection. Similar to border-radius
③ Expansion and shrinkage: equidistant scaling around the selection area, often used for borders and strokes
14. Constituency transfer command
Right-click on the selection - create a working path, you can convert the selection into a path. It is also a way to save selections. After converting to a path, the ant line disappears and becomes a solid line of the path.
15. Path
The path is the basic property that PS handles for vector graphics. PS is a bitmap software, edited based on pixels, and paths are vector elements
(17) History Tools
Mainly contains the history panel, shortcut keys, snapshots, panel settings, brush tool group
Note: History is only temporary information
①Delete history
Select the corresponding record and click Delete in the bottom panel; or right-click to delete
②Create a new document from the current state
Located at the bottom of the history panel, it is convenient to leave steps for backup
③Create a new snapshot
At the bottom of the history panel, use snapshots to save a certain state and make a historical stage record so that it will not be replaced by new steps.
Note: If you edit and draw under a snapshot, it will cause the history to reset
④ Non-linear history
A specific history record can be deleted by checking Nonlinear History in the History Options dialog box. Instead of the normal state, the operations after the history are deleted
⑤ History brush
Toolbar--History Brush Tool
Function: Retrieve the historical tool based on the brush form, which plays the role of restoring the original picture area. For example, a color photo is changed to black and white, and then a history brush is used to restore part of the picture area. The special effects made by the history brush can also be done through masks
History sources for history brushes:
The history panel marked with an icon is the history source, and the history source is not fixed
⑥Filter
Quickly apply special effects to the picture, such as sketches, watercolors, murals, mosaics, woodcuts, etc.
⑦ History Art Brush Tool
More artistic effects on the basis of historical record brushes, less used
(18) Brushes and erasers
Main Contents Brush Tool, Brush Presets, Brush Panel, Options Bar Parameters, Tablet Operations, Pencil Tool, Eraser Tool, Background Eraser, Magic Eraser
1. Basic brush operation
Straight line: Combined with the Shift key, you can draw a straight line;
Color Picker: In the brush state, press and hold Alt to switch to the Color Picker. The picked color will be used as the foreground color and will be drawn directly
2. Brush Presets
Brush preset selector to change brush size, hardness, brush effects and more
Brush effects include leaves, grass, seedlings, etc.
More brush types: You can choose more brush types in the brush panel
Loading external brushes: If you want to use brushes with more effects, such as flame brushes, you can load external brushes to enrich our brush library
Simple Brush Presets:
① After selecting the brush hardness and size, click the Create a new preset from this brush button in the upper right corner of the panel to create a new brush preset
②You can also draw pictures by yourself, or choose pictures to customize the brush. The specific method: select the picture, menu bar - edit - define brush preset. Note : Custom brushes cannot modify hardness
3. Brush panel
Make any desired effect with the Brushes panel for more comprehensive adjustment and editing of brushes.
Save brush file: panel menu - save brush
4. Option bar parameters:
Flow: Set the flow rate of the stroke, like setting how much paint flows out of the brush
The difference between flow and opacity : the flow will be superimposed, but the opacity will not be superimposed, which can make the drawing more delicate
Airbrush style: hold down the mouse, the more the color will be
Use pressure on opacity and size:
Pressure-sensitive pen, the pressure-sensitive pen is a tablet, and the digital tablet draws in PS through the real pressure of the pen tip
5. Tablet Operation
The tablet draws in PS through the real pressure of the pen tip, and the pressure-sensitive pen can control the transparency and size of the brush through the pressure.
6. Pencil Tool
The use method is basically the same as the brush, the edge of the pencil drawing is jagged , and the others are almost the same as the brush
the difference:
The pencil has an automatic erase option, similar to Meitu's freckle
7. Eraser
①Erase the layer pixels; however, when the background image is erased, the background color, that is, the background color, will leak out after erasing the pixels.
② Modes in the options bar of the eraser tool: pencil, brush, block
③Erase history in the option bar of the eraser tool: the same effect as the history tool, you can also set the history source
④After learning to mask, the eraser is almost useless
8. Background Eraser
Smartly erase the background to get the main image. Commonly used when removing background cutouts
Note: The crosshairs should remain on the background.
①Option bar mode of background eraser: continuous sampling, sampling once (only one color is sampled), background sampling (one background color for selection)
②Limited erase operation range: continuous, discontinuous, edge
③Tolerance: The larger the tolerance, the more colors are recognized, the larger the recognition range, and the cleaner the wipe. On the contrary, the smaller the tolerance, the smaller the recognition range.
④Protect the foreground color: protect the foreground color from being affected when erasing
9. Magic Eraser
Similar to the Magic Wand, the Magic Eraser erases areas of similar color.
By analogy: After selecting the area with similar color with the magic wand tool, press the Delete key to erase/delete
(19) Image restoration
Mainly include blur tool, sharpen tool, smudge tool, burn dodge tool, sponge tool, stamp tool, healing brush, spot healing brush tool, patch tool, content-aware move tool, red eye tool, etc.
1. Blur Tool
Blur the area, it is easy to create a sense of hierarchy and space in the picture after processing
Options bar parameters:
① Mode brightens, darkens, etc.;
②Intensity: The greater the blur strength, the more obvious the blur effect; otherwise the smaller
③Sampling all layers: Sampling all visible layers. Although the effect is the common result of rendering of all layers, it only affects the selected layer. When checked, the operation result will be applied to the target layer. For example: Blur on a new blank layer, after closing other layers, the blurred area of the blank layer will be automatically displayed
2. Sharpening tool
Contrary to the blur tool, the sharpen tool can make the image sharper
Options bar parameters:
Protect details: protect the tiny pixels of the image and prevent serious distortion of the picture
Note: The sharpening tool effect cannot be converted with the blurring tool effect , because the original pixel information will be lost after using the blurring tool, and the sharpening tool is to sharpen on the basis of the existing image.
3. Smear tool
The usage is the same as the brush, just draw directly on the screen. The higher the Smudge Strength value, the stronger the smear effect.
Options bar parameters:
Finger painting: Check the finger painting to paint the foreground color
4. Dodge Tool
Options bar parameters:
Preserve Tone: Distortion in tone when using Dodge;
Range: Shadows, Midtones, Highlights;
5. Deepen tool
The usage is the same as the dodge tool
6. Sponge Tool
Locally increase or decrease saturation. Saturation is simply understood as the vividness of color. Desaturation can make the picture close to black and white in the end
7. Clone Stamp Tool
①Draw the imitation source, press and hold the Alt key, and the cursor turns into a bullseye shape to find the imitation source.
②Copy source: the object to be copied
③Start copying: After finding the copying source and clicking, go to the appropriate location to start copying
④Option bar parameters
Alignment: Ensure that the mouse is aligned with the source point for each operation to draw the entire image
Sample: 1. The current layer, the current layer mode defines the imitation source in the current layer;
2. For the current and lower layers, define the current and lower layer images as the source;
3. All layers, define all images on the screen
8. Toggle Clone Source panel
In the options bar, click to switch the copy source panel or window---copy source
Clone the source panel:
Multiple clone sources can be defined, and different clone sources can be selected to clone different sources on the layer.
Width and height parameters: Set the width and height parameters to imitate the enlarged and reduced imitation source image
Angle parameter: Rotate the cloned source image
Cut button: After checking the cut button, you can only see the preview image in the brush area; after canceling, you can see the entire picture of the imitation;
9. Pattern Stamp Tool
The pattern stamp tool is to draw patterns directly on the screen.
Options bar parameters:
① Pattern color picker, you can select patterns, and you can also add patterns in the panel. Change the layer blending mode to produce a fusion effect;
②Impressionism effect: painting style, hazy feeling
10. Healing Brush Tool
The Healing Brush tool and the Clone Stamp tool are used the same way, the difference is that the edges of the Healing Brush tool have transitions
11. Difference between Healing Brush Tool and Clone Stamp Tool
Difference between Clone Stamp Tool and Healing Brush Tool: One Smart, One Accurate
①The imitation of imitation stamps is very strict;
②The repairing brush is intelligent and can be integrated with the surrounding environment
12. Spot Healing Brush Tool
Click on the stain to paint. Mole removal similar to Meitu
Options bar parameters:
Types of:
①Content recognition: intelligent recognition method, which calculates the pixels in the area around the recognition center;
②Approximate matching: Drag the surrounding similar colors directly;
③Create texture: Erase the stain and create a texture effect similar to the surrounding (this mode can be used on some images with special textures)
13. Patch Tool
Patch tool can quickly repair the picture
Usage: Similar to lasso, draw the selection directly
Options bar:
Modes: New Selection, Add to Selection, Subtract From Selection, Intersect With Selection
Patch: normal, content-aware
Switch source and target: After selecting the target, the selection will be copied directly after the patch tool selection is dragged
Use Pattern: Fill a pattern into the selection
14. Content-Aware Mobile Tools
Similar to the patch tool, but smarter and simpler
Options Bar Parameters
①Move and expand: Move means move away, expand means copy
②Adapt: Control the effect of edge fusion
15. Red Eye Tool
Origin: The eyes dilate rapidly under the action of the flash, and the capillaries appear red
Action: Eliminate red eye
Usage: Use the red eye tool to make a box selection on the red eye
【expand】
(1) Channel related
①The primary color channel is represented by a grayscale image, indicating the intensity of light emission
【Summarize】
①Select area paste
The paste command of the selection will automatically create a new layer in the layer panel;
②The actual combat in the constituency
For example, the replacement of the sky; the intelligent and precise selection of the magnetic lasso; the magic wand tool to quickly cut out; the quick selection tool to cut out;
③Information panel: F8 to open
④Feather settings:
Set before drawing selection; set after drawing selection; shortcut key: Shift+F6;
⑤Common warning:
Any pixels no larger than 50% of the selection, the selection will not be visible (ie the ant lines are hidden, but the selection still exists)
⑥Decolorization/Fading
To turn color photos into black and white photos, menu bar - image - adjustment - desaturation; shortcut key Ctrl+Shift+U;
⑦Alpha channel is a special layer that records transparency information
⑧Combination shortcut keys, more shortcut key operations, I made a summary in the article
Gripper: space + move;
Layer move: Ctrl+Move;
Duplicate layer: Alt+Move;
Direction lock movement: Shift+Move (the movement angle is constrained);
Layer object movement: arrow keys or arrow keys + Shift to move quickly (the movement direction is constrained);
Centipede layer copy: Alt + arrow keys (Shift to accelerate);
Open/hide ruler: Ctrl+R;
Delete/hide auxiliary lines: Ctrl+H;
Selection fill: Ctrl+Delete;
Selection copy: Ctrl+C or menu bar--edit--copy;
Selection paste: Ctrl+V or menu bar--edit--paste;
Feather settings: Shift+F6;
Fill foreground color: Alt+Delete; can be filled multiple times
Fill background/background color: Ctrl+Delete;
Go back one step: Ctrl+Z;
Go back multiple steps: Ctrl+Alt+Z;
Bring up the color picker: Ctrl+Shift+Right click;
Write it here today, improve it tomorrow
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