Introduction to the tar command
1. Only one of the following 5 parameters can be selected
-c: create compressed archive
-x: decompress
-t: view content
-r: append files to the end of the compressed archive
-u: update the files in the original archive
2. The following parameters are optional and can be used together with the above parameters
-z: with gzip attribute
-j: with bz2 attribute
-Z: with the compress attribute
-v: show all processes
-O: extract file to standard output
3. The following parameter -f is required
-f: Use the file name, remember, this parameter is the last parameter, only the file name can be followed.
#Packaging file: -c generates a new file, -f specifies the file name
$ tar -cf txt.tar *.txt
#Add to package: -r add file
$ tar -rf txt.tar *.txt
#Update the files in the package: -u update file
$ tar -uf txt.tar a.txt
#List the contents of the package: -t list files
$ tar -tf txt.tar
#Unzip all files (replace if there are files with the same name): -x unzip
$ tar -xf txt.tar
4. Compressed file: tar -cf extension
#Pack all txt files
$ tar -cvf txt.tar *.txt
# compress with tar and then compress with gzip
$ tar -czf txt.tar.gz *.jpg
# Compress with tar and then compress with bzip2
$ tar -cjf txt.tar.bz2 *.jpg
#Compress with tar and then compress with compress
$ tar -cZf txt.tar.Z *.jpg
5. Compress files rar and zip
$ rar a txt.rar *.txt
$ zip txt.zip *.jpg
6. Unzip the file
$ tar –xvf file.tar #Unzip the tar package
$ tar -xzvf file.tar.gz # 解压 tar.gz
$ tar -xjvf file.tar.bz2 # 解压 tar.bz2
$ tar –xZvf file.tar.Z #decompress tar.Z
$ unrar e file.rar # depressurar
$ unzip file.zip #unzip zip
7. Summary
*.tar decompress with tar –xvf
*.gz decompress with gzip -d or gunzip
*.tar.gz and *.tgz decompress with tar –xzf
*.bz2 decompress with bzip2 -d or with bunzip2
*.tar.bz2 decompress with tar –xjf
*.Z decompress with uncompress
*.tar.Z decompress with tar –xZf
*.rar decompress with unrar e
*.zip unzip with unzip
8. Extension tar
解包：tar xvf FileName.tar
Packaging: tar cvf FileName.tar DirName
9. Extension gz
Unzip 1: gunzip FileName.gz
Unzip 2: gzip -d FileName.gz
Compression: gzip FileName
10. Extension .tar.gz and extension .tgz
Unzip: tar zxvf FileName.tar.gz
压缩：tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName
11. Extension .bz2
Unzip 1: bzip2 -d FileName.bz2
Unzip 2: bunzip2 FileName.bz2
Compression: bzip2 -z FileName
12. Extension .tar.bz2
Unzip: tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz2
压缩：tar jcvf FileName.tar.bz2 DirName
13. Extension .bz
Unzip 1: bzip2 -d FileName.bz
Unzip 2: bunzip2 FileName.bz
Compression: unknown
14. Extension .tar.bz
Unzip: tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz
Compression: unknown
15. Extension .Z
Unzip: uncompress FileName.Z
Compression: compress FileName
16. Extension .tar.Z
Unzip: tar Zxvf FileName.tar.Z
压缩：tar Zcvf FileName.tar.Z DirName
17. Extension .zip
Unzip: unzip FileName.zip
Compression: zip FileName.zip DirName
18. Extension .rar
Unzip: rar x FileName.rar
压缩：rar a FileName.rar DirName
The tar --help under the Linux terminal is as follows:
$ tar --help
Usage: tar [options...] [FILE]...
GNU 'tar'
Save many files together to a single tape or disk archive and restore desired files individually from the archive.
Example
tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # create archive from files foo and bar
archive.tar
tar -tvf archive.tar # List archive files archive.tar in detail
all files in .
tar -xf archive.tar # expand the archive file archive.tar
all files in .
Main operating mode:
-A, --catenate, --concatenate append tar files to archive
-c, --create create a new archive
-d, --diff, --compare find differences between archives and filesystems
--delete delete from archive (not tape!)
-r, --append append files to end of archive
-t, --list list archive contents
--test-label test archive label and exit
-u, --update append only files newer than the copy in the archive
-x, --extract, --get extract files from archive
Operation modifier:
--check-device Check device number when creating incremental archives (default)
-g, --listed-incremental=FILE handle newer GNU format incremental backups
-G, --incremental handle old GNU format incremental backups
--ignore-failed-read
Do not exit with non-zero value when encountering unreadable file
--level=NUMBER output level for incremental list archives created
-n, --seek archive searchable
--no-check-device Do not check device number when creating incremental archives
--no-seek archive not searchable
--occurrence[=NUMBER] process only NUMBER of each file in the archive
events; only when combined with the following subcommand --delete,
--diff, --extract or --list
This option is only valid when used in combination with one of the . and whether the file list is given on the command line or via
Specified by the -T option; the NUMBER value defaults to 1
--sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]
Set the discrete format version used (implicit
--sparse)
-S, --sparse Efficiently handle discrete files
Override control:
-k, --keep-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting,
treat them as errors
--keep-directory-symlink preserve existing symlinks to directories when
extracting
--keep-newer-files
Do not replace existing files that are newer than the copy in the archive
--no-overwrite-dir keep metadata of existing directories
--overwrite overwrite existing files when decompressing
--overwrite-dir Overwrite metadata of existing directories when decompressing (default)
--recursive-unlink clear directory hierarchy before unzipping directory
--remove-files remove files after adding them to the archive
--skip-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting,
silently skip over them
-U, --unlink-first remove files to be rewritten before unpacking them
-W, --verify try to verify archive after writing
Select output stream:
--ignore-command-error ignore the exit code of the child process
--no-ignore-command-error
Treat the non-zero exit code of the child process as an error
-O, --to-stdout extract files to stdout
--to-command=COMMAND
Pipe the decompressed file to another program
Action file properties:
--atime-preserve[=METHOD]
Preserve access time on output files, either by reading (default
Restore the time after METHOD='replace'), or don't set the time for the first time (METHOD='system')
--delay-directory-restore
The modification time and the permissions of the extracted directory are not set until the end of the decompression
--group=name forces NAME to be
as the group owner of the added file
--mode=CHANGES force added files (symbols) to be changed to permissions
CHANGES
--mtime=DATE-OR-FILE set from DATE-OR-FILE for added files
mtime
-m, --touch don't extract the modification time of the file
--no-delay-directory-restore
Suppress the effect of the --delay-directory-restore option
--no-same-owner
Unzip the file as yours (default for normal users)
--no-same-permissions
Use user's mask bits when extracting permissions from archive (defaults to normal user service)
--numeric-owner always numeric user/group names
--owner=name force NAME
as the owner of the added file
-p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions
Unzip file permission information (default only for superusers)
--preserve same as -p and -s
--same-owner
Keep the owner relationship consistent when trying to decompress (default for superusers)
-s, --preserve-order, --same-order
member arguments are listed in the same order as
the files in the archive
Handling of extended file attributes:
--acls Enable the POSIX ACLs support
--no-acls Disable the POSIX ACLs support
--no-selinux Disable the SELinux context support
--no-xattrs Disable extended attributes support
--selinux Enable the SELinux context support
--xattrs Enable extended attributes support
--xattrs-exclude=MASK specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys
--xattrs-include=MASK specify the include pattern for xattr keys
Device selection and switching:
-f, --file=ARCHIVE use archive or ARCHIVE device
--force-local
Treat the archive as a local archive even if a copy exists
-F, --info-script=name, --new-volume-script=name
Run script at the end of each tape (implies -M)
-L, --tape-length=NUMBER Change tape after writing NUMBER × 1024 bytes
-M, --multi-volume create/list/extract multi-volume archives
--rmt-command=COMMAND use the specified rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
--rsh-command=COMMAND use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
--volno-file=FILE use/update the number of volumes in FILE
Device partition:
-b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
-B, --read-full-records rechunk on read (only works with 4.2BSD pipelines)
-i, --ignore-zeros ignore zero-byte blocks in the archive (ie end of file)
--record-size=NUMBER NUMBER bytes per record, multiplied by 512
Select archive format:
-H, --format=FORMAT create an archive in the specified format
FORMAT is one of the following formats:
gnu GNU tar 1.13.x format
oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12
pax POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format
posix is equivalent to pax
ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format
v7 old V7 tar format
--old-archive, --portability
Equivalent to --format=v7
--pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
control pax keyword
--posix is equivalent to --format=posix
-V, --label=TEXT create TEXT with volume name
archives; use TEXT when listing/extracting
pattern string as volume name
Compression options:
-a, --auto-compress use archive suffix to determine compressor
-I, --use-compress-program=PROG
Filter by PROG (must be able to accept -d
option program)
-j, --bzip2 filter archive by bzip2
-J, --xz filter archive by xz
--lzip filter archive by lzip
--lzma filter archives by lzma
--lzop
--no-auto-compress do not use archive suffix to determine compressor
-z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip Filter archives by gzip
-Z, --compress, --uncompress filter archive by compress
Local file selection:
--add-file=FILE Add the specified FILE to the archive (if the name starts with -
would be useful to start with)
--backup[=CONTROL] backup before deletion, select CONTROL version
-C, --directory=DIR change to directory DIR
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files specified with PATTERN
--exclude-backups exclude backups and lock files
--exclude-caches exclude includes in addition to identifying the file itself
Contents of the directory of CACHEDIR.TAG
--exclude-caches-all exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
--exclude-caches-under exclude everything in directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
--exclude-tag=FILE exclude include FILE in addition to FILE itself
the contents of the directory
--exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE
--exclude-tag-under=FILE exclude everything in directories containing FILE
--exclude-vcs exclude version control system directories
-h, --dereference
Follow symbolic links; archive and output the files they point to
--hard-dereference
Follow hard links; archive and output the files they point to
-K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME
begin at member MEMBER-NAME when reading the
archive
--newer-mtime=DATE compare data and time when only data has changed
--no-null disable the effect of the last --null option
--no-recursion avoid automatic downgrades in directories
--no-unquote Do not end the quote with the filename read by -T
--null -T read null-terminated names, -C disable
-N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE, --after-date=DATE-OR-FILE
Only save files newer than DATE-OR-FILE
--one-file-system save in local filesystem when creating archive
-P, --absolute-names do not remove leading '/' from filenames
--recursion directory recursion (default)
--suffix=STRING backup before deletion unless set by environment variable
SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
Override, otherwise override common suffix ('')
-T, --files-from=FILE 从 FILE
get the filename in to extract or create the file
--unquote with -T
read filename as a reference end (default)
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude patterns listed in FILE
File name change:
--strip-components=NUMBER strip NUMBER from filename when unzipping
introductory section
--transform=EXPRESSION, --xform=EXPRESSION
Use sed instead of EXPRESSION
to change the file name
Filename matching options (affects both exclude and include patterns):
--anchored pattern string matching filename header
--ignore-case ignore case
--no-anchored pattern matches any character after '/' (default pair
exclusion is valid)
--no-ignore-case match case (default)
--no-wildcards match strings verbatim
--no-wildcards-match-slash wildcards do not match '/'
--wildcards use wildcards (default)
--wildcards-match-slash
Wildcard match '/' (default is valid for exclude operation)
Informative output:
--checkpoint[=NUMBER] every NUMBER
records showing progress information (10 by default)
--checkpoint-action=ACTION execute ACTION on every checkpoint
--full-time print file time to its full resolution
--index-file=FILE send verbose output to FILE
-l, --check-links
Print information whenever not all links are output
--no-quote-chars=STRING disable character quoting from STRING
--quote-chars=STRING Extra quote characters from STRING
--quoting-style=STYLE Set name quoting style; valid STYLE
See the description below for the values
-R, --block-number Each message shows the number of blocks in the archive
--show-defaults show tar default options
--show-omitted-dirs
When listing or unpacking, list each directory that does not match the search criteria
--show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names
Displays the transformed filename or archivename
--totals[=SIGNAL] print the total bytes after processing the archive; when this
SIGNAL is triggered with parameters -
Print the total number of bytes; allowed signals are:
SIGHUP，SIGQUIT，SIGINT，SIGUSR1 和
SIGUSR2; also accepts without SIG
Prefixed signal name
--utc print file modification time in UTC
-v, --verbose verbosely list processed files
--warning=KEYWORD warning control:
-w, --interactive, --confirmation
Require confirmation for every operation
Compatibility options:
-o when creating an archive, equivalent to
--old-archive; when the archive is expanded, it is equivalent to
--no-same-owner
Other options:
-?, --help show this help list
--restrict disable some potentially dangerous options
--usage display a short usage description
--version print program version
Long options and corresponding short options have the same mandatory or optional parameters.
unless specified with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
Set the backup suffix, otherwise the backup suffix is "~".
Version control can be set with --backup or VERSION_CONTROL, possible values are:
none, off never backup
t, numbered for numbered backups
nil, existing
If a numbered backup exists, perform a numbered backup, otherwise perform a simple backup
never, simple always use simple backup
Valid arguments for the --quoting-style option are:
literal
shell
shell-always
c
c-maybe
escape
locale
clocale
This tar defaults to:
--format=gnu -f- -b20 --quoting-style=escape --rmt-command=/etc/rmt
--rsh-command=/usr/bin/ssh
Send bug reports to <[email protected]>.
Content source:
https://www.cnblogs.com/newcaoguo/p/5896975.html