balance sheet
Concept: A
balance sheet is a financial statement that reflects the financial position of a business on a particular date.
It is used to reflect the company's assets, liabilities and owner's equity amount and machine structure, to help users evaluate the quality of the company's assets, machine short-term solvency, long-term solvency, profit distribution, etc.
Functions:
1. Provide the total amount and structure of assets on a certain date, indicating the resources owned or controlled by the enterprise and their distribution;
2. Provide the total amount and structure of liabilities on a certain date, indicating how much assets or labor services the enterprise needs to pay off in the future Debt and repayment time;
3. Reflect the owner's rights and interests, based on which to judge the capital preservation and appreciation and the degree of protection of liabilities;
Presentation requirements:
1. Presentation by category: presentation in three categories: assets, liabilities and owner's equity.
2. Assets and liabilities are presented according to liquidity: assets with strong realisation are presented first, and liabilities with short repayment time are presented first.
3. Report related total items: Assets list the total items of current assets and non-current assets, liabilities list current liabilities and non-current liabilities, and owners' equity list the total items of owner's equity.
General format:
Account format: assets are listed on the left, liabilities and owners’ equity
are Header: report name, preparation unit, balance sheet date and RMB amount unit
Body: reflect assets, liabilities and owners content of rights
Income Statement
Concept:
The income statement is a financial statement that reflects the operating results of an enterprise in a certain accounting period.
The purpose of an enterprise to prepare a profit statement is to enter into the market to reflect the income realized by the enterprise, the expenses incurred, and the amount of profit and loss that should be included in the current profit, and to help users analyze and evaluate the profitability, profit composition and quality of the enterprise.
The items included are: operating income, operating cost, operating profit, total profit, net profit, earnings per share, other comprehensive income and total comprehensive income, etc.
Functions:
1. To reflect the realization of income in a certain accounting period;
2. To reflect the cost and consumption of a certain accounting period;
3. To reflect the realization of the results of economic activities of the enterprise, so as to judge the maintenance and appreciation of capital, etc.;
Presentation requirements:
1. In the income statement, an enterprise shall classify expenses according to their functions, which are divided into operating costs, management expenses, selling expenses and financial expenses, etc.
2. The income statement shall at least separately list and reflect the following information items: operating income, operating costs, business taxes and surcharges, management expenses, selling expenses, financial expenses, investment income, gains and losses from changes in fair value, asset impairment losses, non-current assets Disposal profit and loss, income tax expense, net profit, and other comprehensive income are the net amount after deducting the effect of income tax, and the total comprehensive income.
3. Other comprehensive income items shall be classified into other comprehensive income items that cannot be reclassified into profit or loss in subsequent accounting periods and other comprehensive income items that are reclassified into profit or loss in subsequent accounting periods when the specified conditions are met. newspaper.
4. In the consolidated income statement, the enterprise shall separately list the profit and loss attributable to the owner of the parent company and the profit and loss attributable to minority shareholders under the item of net profit, and separately list the profit and loss attributable to the parent company under the item of total comprehensive income. The total comprehensive income of the owners and the total comprehensive income attributable to minority shareholders.
General format:
A multi-step income statement is used to compare income and expenses of different natures, so as to obtain some intermediate profit data to help users understand the different sources of business results.
Header: report name, compilation unit, balance sheet date and RMB amount unit.
Title: Reflects the individual items and calculations that lead to business results.
cash flow statement
Concept:
The increase or decrease of an institution's cash (including bank deposits) during a certain accounting period.
It reflects the impact of each item in the balance sheet on cash flow, and is divided into three categories of activities: operating, investing and financing according to their use.
A cash flow statement can be used to analyze whether an organization has enough cash to cover expenses in the short term.
Role:
1. Determine the company's short-term viability, especially the ability to pay bills.
2. A statement that reflects the dynamics of a company's cash inflows and outflows over a certain period of time.
3. Provide evidence that a company is operating in a healthy manner.
4. By analyzing the source of cash inflow, the ability to create cash can be evaluated, and the ability to obtain cash in the future can be predicted.
Understanding knowledge:
How to understand that assets equal liabilities plus owner's equity? The
old financial driver will show you the three major statements
summary
The balance sheet is mainly used to record the assets and liabilities of the enterprise, it can help to understand the assets, liabilities and the current equity situation;
The income statement records how much money the company or you personally made and how much profit it has created in the past period of time;
The cash flow statement records cash inflows and cash outflows over a period of time;
Not for finance, for business communication, if you have any questions, please point out