Author | He Miao editor in charge | Tu Min
Listing | CSDN (ID: CSDNnews)
2021 is a milestone in China's open source development.
This year, open source was written into the 14th Five-Year Plan and was well known by the Chinese. 80~90% of enterprise business has been built on open source software and open source projects. The influence of open source is presented to the world in the form of digital quantification.
Under the trend that open source is gradually swallowing the world, China's open source is profoundly affecting the development of developers in an open, sharing, peer-to-peer and collaborative manner. In order to restore the status quo of open source in China, explore its development opportunities, and point the way for open source latecomers, CSDN and a number of open source experts launched the "2021-2022 Chinese Open Source Developer Survey Report", striving to present the real domestic open source development status from various dimensions.
The survey was completed by Wu Sheng, founder of Apache SkyWalking and a member of the ASF board of directors, and Wang Wei, a researcher at East China Normal University, founder of X-lab Open Lab, and vice chairman of the Open Source Society. Wang Wei said: Git-based distributed collaboration has become the most important open source innovation model in the world. Numerous open source communities have been born on it. The massive developer behavior data behind it contains a large number of individual contribution rules and group collaboration. patterns, community health, ecological development trends, and business strategic value. These values are discovered and utilized by different parties such as developers, communities, enterprises, and governments, and are increasingly becoming the mainstream of innovation in the digital age.
Among the survey results, there are several points that deserve our common attention:
The proportion of developers participating in open source contributions increased by nearly 10% compared with last year;
Open source software supply chains and secure and credible projects have begun to receive attention, and 23% of developers or companies are concerned about the security of open source projects;
QQ groups and mailing lists have become the favorite communication tools for Chinese open source developers;
With a high usage ratio of 87%, GitHub is still firmly at the top of the open source code platform most commonly used by developers;
Java is the most popular with open source developers, with 41% of developers using it the most to participate in open source;
"Operating system" surpasses "developer tools" and becomes the project that Chinese open source developers most hope to open source.
The proportion of open source participants has grown significantly, and open source security has raised concerns
Open source has become the cornerstone of infrastructure. In our daily development work, we inevitably use open source software. Data shows that 94% of developers are using open source software, and only 2% of developers have never used open source software. software. Compared to the past year, the percentage of developers using open source software is still rising.
Figure 1 Proportion of developers who have used open source software
Figure 2 The number of developer surveys in 2020-2021
Of course, developers use open source and give back to open source. Compared with last year's 32% of developers who participated in open source, this year's proportion has increased significantly, and 42% of developers said they have participated in open source.
This is also inseparable from the fact that a large number of enterprises, such as Baidu, Tencent, and Alibaba, have embraced open source in the past year. The main reason why most enterprise and individual developers participate in and contribute to open source projects is that they hope to reduce development costs and gain a competitive advantage by participating in open source.
Figure 3 Proportion of developers participating in open source
Figure 4 2020-2021 Developer Survey Data
While open source is developing vigorously, it also brings new problems. By the end of 2021, the vulnerability problem of Log4j 2 will cover almost the entire Internet, and the security of open source projects has also become a reason for many companies to consider. Data shows that 23% of companies are concerned about the security of open source projects.
Figure 5 Does the use of open source software cause insecurity
Open source commercialization is hot, but revenue from open source is still difficult
With many open source projects favored by capital and financing, open source entrepreneurship has become a popular entrepreneurial model in China in the past two years. This also makes more people realize that open source should not be a free lunch, and open source authors and contributors can earn income.
This year's survey of open source developers shows that 47% of developers rarely participate in open source projects, and only 18% volunteer to participate in open source. It is impossible to open source without a passion, but just relying on a passion will also cause the problem of insufficient power.
Figure 6 Reasons for participating in open source
In January, Marak Squires, the author of the open source project, took the initiative to delete all the code in the "faker.js" and "colors.js" project repositories overnight, causing thousands of developers who were using these two open source projects to crash directly. This move has drawn attention to the question of "how can programmers make money through open source". It is indeed easy to feel despair when the code that you have worked so hard to write is not profitable, and you have to support those business giants "for free".
Although this incident is neither illegal nor against the open source agreement, it has seriously damaged the author's reputation in the open source circle, and it has also aroused everyone's vigilance about the security of the open source supply chain. If open source developers always need to use love to generate electricity, one day we will face the risk of supplying open source projects one after another.
Figure 7 Developers' income from open source
Figure 8 2020-2021 Developer Survey Data
According to the survey data, although 68% of developers still have no income from open source, compared with 77% last year, the proportion of people who have not received income has decreased, which means that more people are facing open source. value and pay for it. We are also very much looking forward to a better market mechanism that will allow these builders of the digital world to reap the benefits they deserve.
Open source developers love Java
QQ group, mailing list communication is more efficient
In the "2021 GitHub Annual Report", the programming language JavaScript used by developers again ranked first, Python and Java ranked second and third respectively.
In this poll for "the development language you commonly use in open source", 41% of Chinese developers voted for Java, and JavaScript ranked fifth with only 17% of the votes. Why did Java become the darling of Chinese open source developers? Maybe the developer can tell us the answer in the comment area~
Figure 9 Top 10 development languages commonly used in open source (multiple choice for survey items)
As we all know, the top open source foundation Apache has a famous saying, "What doesn't happen in the mail doesn't happen". QQ groups, mailing lists, and WeChat are the main communication methods between Chinese developers and members of the open source community. Some open source experts believe that communication tools will become a major obstacle to the development of open source in China, but does this also mean that open source is developing in a direction that is more in line with China's national conditions? Developers may have more say.
Figure 10 Ways to communicate with members of the open source community
Development tools and frameworks, and Internet products are the categories that developers are exposed to open source projects for the first time, accounting for 54%. Contact open source.
Figure 11 Developers first contact with open source projects
Figure 12 Ways of participating in open source
GitHub remains the most used open source code platform for developers, used by 87% of developers.
The popularity of open source operating systems has picked up, and the direction of artificial intelligence has attracted the most attention
In June 2021, Ni Guangnan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, expressed his opinion on information technology: Open source has become the dominant model of global software technology and industrial innovation, and it is an efficient way to accelerate basic software innovation and strengthen social collaboration.
As the international environment has become increasingly tense in the past two years, the open source and innovation of basic software has attracted more and more attention from developers, especially the operating system. As the jewel in the IT crown, it has become the most desired open source project for developers in the past year. .
Figure 13 Projects that developers most want to open source (multiple choice for survey items)
Figure 14 2020-2021 Developer Survey Data
In the open source community GitHub, which brings together more than 40 million developers, artificial intelligence projects have always accounted for a large proportion of popular open source projects. The development prospects of artificial intelligence-related open source projects are the best and the consensus of all developers.
Figure 15 Open source direction with good development prospects (multiple choice for survey items)
As the open source trend sweeps the world, open source is accelerating to become the backbone of many businesses. CSDN welcomes more partners to bring more comprehensive and in-depth open source knowledge and support to the industry around open source, and jointly build a more prosperous Chinese open source ecosystem.
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