linux网络相关属性与配置管理和应用

linux网络属性配置(2)

ifcfg命令家族:ifconfig,route,netstat

\

ifconfig命令:接口及地址查看及管理
	ifconfig [INTERFACE]
				# ifconfig -a :显示所有接口,包括未激活的
	ifconfig interface [aftype] options |address  ...   则是用来配置的
				# ifconfig IFACE(接口名称) IP/MASK [up] 打开
				#ifconfig IFACE IP netmask NETMASK
				options:
					[-]promisc 混杂模式
				注意:立即送往内核中的TCP/IP协议栈,并生效
	管理IPv6地址:
		add addr/prefixlen
		del addr/prefixlen

\

route命令:路由查看及管理
		路由条目类型:
				主机路由:目标地址为单个IP
				网络路由:目标地址为IP网络
				默认路由:目标为任意主机,0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 
		查看:
				route -n(不反解)
		添加:
				route [-v] [-A family] add [-net|-host] target [netmask Nm] [gw(关键字) GW(下一跳地址)] [[dev] if]
			示例:route add -net 10.0.0.0/8 gw 192.168.10.1 dev eth1
			示例:route add -net 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 gw 192.168.10.1  (添加默认路由)
			示例:route add -net default gw 192.168.10.1  (添加默认路由)
		删除:
				route [-v] [-A family] del [-net|-host] target [gw Gw] [netmask Nm]
				例如:route del -net 10.0.0.0/8
							route del default
	netstst命令:
		print network connect ,routing tables,interface statisics,masquerade ,masquerade connections,and multicast memberships(多播成员关系)
		显示路由:netstat -n
			-r|-- route:显示内核路由表
			-n:数字格式
		显示网络连接:
			netstat [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--udplite]
			传输层协议:
					tcp:面向连接的协议;通讯开始前,要建立一个虚链路;通讯完成后还要拆除连接;tcp连接的相关信息(tcp被称为有连接的协议);像打电话
					udp:无连接的协议;直接发送数据报文;(udp被称为用户数据报协议);像送信

ifconfig显示

wlp3s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.3.211  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255
        inet6 fe80::29cf:27d2:3cd0:8ce2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 94:08:53:3c:38:9d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 21767  bytes 24469430 (23.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 1  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8978  bytes 1945036 (1.8 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0


<UP> 意为网卡处于激活状态
<BROADCAST> 支持广播
<MULTICAST> 支持组播(多播)
mtu 1500 网卡最大传输单元不超过1500字节
inet 172.168.3.211 IP地址
netmask 掩码
broadcast 广播地址

主机号全为1的是广播地址,例如192.168.99.255
全为0为本机地址

inet6 fe80::29cf:27d2:3cd0:8ce2 IP地址
ether 94:08:53:3c:38:9d 以太网地址
txqueuelen 1000 传输队列长度
RX 接受
TX 传出
RX packets 21767 bytes 24469430 (23.3 MiB) 网卡打开接受到的总报文数量为21767
bytes 24469430 (23.3 MiB) 总大小为23.3MiB
RX errors 0 dropped 1 overruns 0 frame 0 错误 掉包 溢出 帧
TX packets 8978 bytes 1945036 (1.8 MiB) 传出
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 错误 掉包…

centos7与centos6版本跨越还是非常大的

ifconfig wlp3s0
ifconfig 默认是显示激活状态的

ifconfig -a 显示所有,包括非激活

ifconfig配置

1.打开接口

[syh@localhost ~]$ ifconfig virbr0-nic 192.168.10.100/24 up
SIOCSIFADDR: 不允许的操作
SIOCSIFFLAGS: 不允许的操作
SIOCSIFFLAGS: 不允许的操作
SIOCSIFNETMASK: 不允许的操作
[syh@localhost ~]$ ifconfig virbr0-nic 192.168.10.100/24 up
[syh@localhost ~]$ ifconfig virbr0-nic
virbr0-nic: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        ether 52:54:00:e0:87:cf  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2.模式的启用

[syh@localhost ~]$ ifconfig virbr0-nic
virbr0-nic: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        ether 52:54:00:e0:87:cf  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[syh@localhost ~]$ sudo ifconfig virbr0-nic promisc
[syh@localhost ~]$ ifconfig virbr0-nic 
virbr0-nic: flags=4355<UP,BROADCAST,PROMISC,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        ether 52:54:00:e0:87:cf  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
多了PROMISC
[syh@localhost ~]$ sudo ifconfig virbr0-nic -promisc   
关闭PROMISC     

route显示

[syh@localhost ~]$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlp3s0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     600    0        0 wlp3s0
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0

destination 目的地
gateway 下一跳(有效地址的都是网关)
genmask 掩码地址
flags
metric 度量值(中途的开销)
ref
use
iface 发送的网卡

route操作

[master ^_^:now in ~,time: 19:52,name:root]#route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.3.1     0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlp3s0
192.168.3.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     600    0        0 wlp3s0
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
[master ^_^:now in ~,time: 19:53,name:root]#route add -net 10.0.0.0/8 gw 192.168.3.1
[master ^_^:now in ~,time: 19:53,name:root]#route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.3.1     0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlp3s0
10.0.0.0        192.168.3.1     255.0.0.0       UG    0      0        0 wlp3s0
192.168.3.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     600    0        0 wlp3s0
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
[master ^_^:now in ~,time: 19:53,name:root]#

	route add -net 10.0.0.0/8 gw 192.168.3.1
						到达网络(掩码可另写)               下一跳(必须是同网段)   dev可不写(会自动判断)

10.0.0.0不是默认网关因为不是默认路由

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Origin blog.csdn.net/qq_52835624/article/details/120463284