1 Graphviz制图概述

总的来说，Graphviz 支持两类图：

无向图（graph,用“ - - ”表示节点之间）
有向图（digraph,用“ ->” 表示节点之间）。

顶点和边都具有各自的属性，比如形状，颜色，填充模式，字体，样式等。主要的布局器如下：

dot: 默认布局方式，主要用于有向图；
neato：基于 sprint model 模型，又称force-based 或者 energy minimized；
twopi：径向布局，放射状；
circo：圆环布局；
fdp：无向图；
dotty：一个用于可视化与修改图形的图形用户界面程序；
lefty：一个可以显示 DOT 图形的可编程控件，并允许用户用鼠标在图上执行操作。

2 如果存在*.DOT文件，如何生成图的命令

dot -T jpg ./grph.dot -o graph01.jpg 或

dot -T png ./grph.dot -o graph01.png

3 *.DOT文件中，关于dot的语法

1 ）简单语法和图形，

2）带标签的语法结构

3）色彩丰富的图

digraph {

    player[label = "player", color = Blue, fontcolor = Red, fontsize = 24, shape = box];
    game[label = "game", color = Red, fontcolor = Blue, fontsize = 24, shape = ellipse];

    player -> game[label = "play"]
}

4 在节点插入图片

digraph {

    c[shape = none, image = "./D06.png"]
    a -> b -> c;
    c -> d;
}

5 在节点插入图片

节点和连线的统一定义（先进行node、edge的统一定义，在定义数据的节点）：

digraph {

    node[color = Red, fontsize = 24, shape = box]
    edge[color = Blue, style = "dashed"]

    c[shape = none, image = "./pic.png"]
    a -> b -> c;
    c -> d;
}

6 在一个图中，嵌入子图

digraph {
    label = visitNet
    rankdir = LR
    node[color = Red, fontsize = 24, shape = box]
    edge[color = Blue, style = "dashed"]

    user[style = "filled", color = "yellow", fillcolor = "chartreuse"]
    subgraph cluster_cd{
        label = "server and browser"
        bgcolor = green;
        browser -> server
    }
    user -> computer;
    computer -> browser;
}

7 结构视图

注意点

1 用节点定义node[shape = record];定义节点是结构

2 用label=“字符串” 定义结构的内容，用“|”分割开

3 用<结构项标号>标明结构的单项标号

3 用结构体：单项标号->结构体：单项标号表明关系连线

digraph {

    node[shape = record];
    struct1[label = "<f0> left|<f1> mid&#92; dle|<f2> right"];
    struct2[label = "<f0> one|<f1> two"];
    struct3[label = "hello&#92;nworld | {b|{c|<here> d|e}|f}|g|h"];
    struct1:f1 -> struct2:f0;
    struct1:f2 -> struct3:here;
}

8 树形结构

digraph tree {
  
  fontname = "PingFang-SC-Light"
  fontsize = 24

  node[shape = "plaintext"]

  1 -> 2;
  1 -> 3;
  2 -> 4;
  2 -> 5;
  3 -> 6;
  3 -> 7;
  4 -> 8;
  4 -> 9;
  5 -> 10;
  5 -> 11;
  6 -> 12;
  6 -> 13;
  7 -> 14;
  7 -> 15;
}

9 继承关系

digraph UML {

    node[fontname = "Courier New", fontsize = 10, shape = record];
    edge[fontname = "Courier New", fontsize = 10, arrowhead = "empty"];

    Car[label = "{Car | v : float\nt : float | run() : float}"]

    subgraph clusterSome{
        bgcolor = "yellow";
        Bus[label = "{Bus | | carryPeople() : void}"];
        Bike[label = "{bike | | ride() : void}"];
    }

    Bus -> Car
    Bike -> Car

}

10 时序关系图

digraph time {

    rankdir = "LR";
    node[shape = "point", width = 0, height = 0];
    edge[arrowhead = "none", style = "dashed"];

    {
        rank = "same"
        edge[style = "solided"];
        APP[shape = "plaintext"];
        APP -> step00 -> step01 -> step02 -> step03 -> step04 -> step05;
    }
    
    {
        rank="same";
        edge[style="solided"];
        SDK[shape="plaintext"];
        SDK -> step10 -> step11 -> step12 -> step13 -> step14 -> step15;
    }
    {
        rank="same";
        edge[style="solided"];
        AliPay[shape="plaintext"];
        AliPay -> step20 -> step21 -> step22 -> step23 -> step24 -> step25;
    }
    {
        rank="same";
        edge[style="solided"];
        Server[shape="plaintext"];
        Server -> step30 -> step31 -> step32 -> step33 -> step34 -> step35;
    }

    step00 -> step10 [label="sends order info", arrowhead="normal"];
    step11 -> step21 [label="open AliPay", arrowhead="normal"];
    step22 -> step12 [label="pay success", arrowhead="normal"];
    step13 -> step03 [label="pay success", arrowhead="normal"];
    step24 -> step34 [label="pay success", arrowhead="normal"];
}

参考文章：

关于语法：GraphViz Examples and Tutorial (grevian.org)
GraphViz的其它用途：GraphViz的使用 - 简书 (jianshu.com)
使用Graphviz和DOT语言绘图-百度经验 (baidu.com)
Graphviz 的中文文档，Graphviz 中文文档
Dot 语言介绍（想要更多了解的时候可以查看），Graphviz Dot 语言介绍
Python Graphviz 的入门文档，Graphviz User Guide
Python Graphviz 的 Example 介绍，Graphviz 的例子
Graphviz 的下载，Graphviz Download
使用 Graphviz 的例子，生成项目UML框架图-pyreverse介绍
GraphViz Examples and Tutorial (grevian.org)

GraphViz：2 DOT语法和相关应用