Linux related background
The introduction and related background of Linux, compared to this, do not need to repeat too much here, the following is taken from the relevant introduction fragments of Baidu Encyclopedia:
Linux, the full name of GNU/Linux, is a set of free-to-use and freely disseminated Unix-like operating systems based POSIX's multi-user, multi-task, multi-thread and multi-CPU operating system. With the development of the Internet, Linux has gained support from software enthusiasts, organizations, and companies all over the world. In addition to maintaining a strong momentum of development in servers, it has made considerable progress in personal computers and embedded systems. Users can not only intuitively obtain the implementation mechanism of the operating system, but also modify and perfect Linux according to their own needs, so as to maximize the adaptation to the needs of users.
Linux is not only stable in system performance, but also open source software. Its core firewall components are highly efficient and simple to configure, ensuring the security of the system. In many enterprise networks, in order to pursue speed and security, Linux is not only used as a server by network operation and maintenance personnel, it is also used as a server, and even as a network firewall. This is a highlight of Linux.
Linux has the characteristics of open source, no copyright, and many users in the technical community. Open source allows users to tailor freely, with high flexibility, powerful functions, and low cost. Especially the embedded network protocol stack in the system can realize the function of the router after proper configuration. These characteristics make Linux an ideal development platform for developing routing and switching equipment.
In general, the emergence and development of Linux has a huge influence on our Internet and underlying implementation. And its detailed background, origin and development, please refer to the relevant introduction of Baidu Baike.
The main application of Linux today
The development of Linux in the server field
With the increasing influence of open source software worldwide, the Linux server operating system has occupied more and more market shares in the overall server operating system market structure, and has formed a large-scale market application situation. And maintain a rapid growth rate. Especially in key national areas such as government, finance, agriculture, transportation, and telecommunications. In addition, considering the rapid growth of Linux and the support of relevant national policies, Linux server products must be able to impact the larger server market. According to statistics from authoritative departments, Linux currently accounts for 75% of the market share in the server field. At the same time, the rapid rise of Linux in the server market has attracted great attention from the global IT industry and has become the backbone of the server operating system field with a strong momentum. power.
The development of Linux in the desktop field
In recent years, especially in the domestic market, the development trend of Linux desktop operating system is very rapid. The Linux desktop operating system launched by domestic system software vendors such as the winning Kylin Linux, Red Flag Linux, Deepin Linux, etc., has been widely used in the government, enterprises, OEM and other fields. In addition, SUSE and Ubuntu have also launched Linux-based desktop systems, especially Ubuntu Linux, which has accumulated a large number of community users. However, from the perspective of the overall functions and performance of the system, there is still a certain gap between the Linux desktop system and the Windows series, mainly in terms of system ease of use, system management, software and hardware compatibility, and software richness.
The development of Linux in the field of mobile embedded
Linux's low cost, powerful customization features, and good portability have made Linux widely used in embedded systems. At present, Linux is widely used in mobile phones, tablet computers, routers, TVs, and electronic game consoles. The Android operating system, which is widely used on mobile devices, is created on top of the Linux kernel. At present, Android has become the most popular smartphone operating system in the world. According to the latest statistics from authoritative departments in 2015, the global market share of Android operating system has reached 84.6%. In addition, Cisco has also used customized Linux for network firewalls and routers. Alibaba Cloud has also developed a Linux-based operating system "YunOS", which can be used on smartphones, tablets, and Internet TVs; common digital video recorders and stage lighting The control system, etc. are gradually implemented using customized versions of Linux, and all this is attributed to the power of Linux and open source.
The development of Linux in the field of cloud computing/big data
The rapid development of the Internet industry has promoted the formation and rapid development of cloud computing and big data industries. As a platform based on open source software, Linux occupies the core advantage of cloud computing and big data. According to the research of the Linux Foundation, 86% of enterprises have Use the Linux operating system to build cloud computing and big data platforms. At present, Linux has begun to replace Unix as the most popular cloud computing and big data platform operating system.
Linux virtual machine
Most of the Windows systems installed on our computers now have good visualization. Therefore, if we want to run on Windows to learn the basic operations of Linux, we can use VMware virtual machines to simulate and build a Linux environment. , And create a user and password in it. In fact, we generally do not perform too many operations on this virtual machine, but after obtaining its IP address, access it through Xshell, and perform remote operations on the software to greatly simplify the difficulty of operating the server.
specific method
When entering the virtual machine, we will be prompted to enter the user name and password, and proceed in sequence. Note that the password is not displayed here, so don’t mistakenly think that you did not enter it and cause unnecessary trouble. Then enter the following page and
enter the ifconfig command. , You will get the following page:
Only the top 192.168.74.130 is the correct host IP address we need. After obtaining the host IP address, you can use the Xshell terminal to connect, and press ssh[ip] in the Xshell terminal , IP is the host address just obtained. If the network is unblocked, you will be prompted to enter the user name and password. After the correct entry, you can log in normally.
Copy and paste under Xshell
It should be noted that in the Xshell terminal, copy and paste is no longer Ctrl+c/Ctrl+, but:
copy: ctrl + insert (some students’ insert needs to be pressed with fn) and
paste: shift+insert