1. CPU instruction set: (mainstream) ARM and X86. The CPU instruction set depends on the CPU architecture
2. Operating system: LINUX and WINDOWS, etc.
LINUX advantages: all kinds of CPU architecture can run
WINDOWS: WINDOWS currently only supports X86 instruction set, WINDOWS RT only supports ARM instruction set
3. The compilation process of the application:
Application program ---> operating system ---> CPU instruction, eg: a .c application program, compiled into CPU instructions by the operating system, and executed on the CPU architecture. Note: An application program compiled into ARM instructions by the operating system can only run on the ARM architecture; compiled into x86 instructions, it can only run on the x86 architecture.
4. The relationship between operating system and CPU
LINUX operating system supports multiple instruction sets, and WINDOWS operating system only supports x86 instruction sets.