table of Contents
1.1. Understanding the Unix system
1.2. Understand the history of Linux development
1.3. Application areas of Linux
2.1. Install virtual machine software
2.4. Take a snapshot of the virtual machine
2.5. Install remote connection tool
Chapter One Linux Overview
1.1. Understanding the Unix system
Unix is one of the earlier widely used computer operating systems. Its first version was implemented in 1969 by Ken Thompson at AT&T Bell Labs. In 1973, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie rewritten the third version of Unix in C language. Kernel
- Unix is a powerful multi-user, multi-tasking operating system.
- The trademark rights of UNIX are owned by The Open Group.
- The UNIX operating system is a commercial version and requires a fee, and the price is more expensive than the Microso? Windows genuine.
1.2. Understand the history of Linux development
Linux is a free and open source Unix-like operating system. It was born on October 5, 1991 (the first official announcement). It was jointly developed by Finnish student Linus Torvalds and many enthusiasts who joined later.
The word Linux itself only means the Linux kernel, but in fact, people have been used to using Linux to describe the entire operating system based on the Linux kernel and using various tools and databases from the GNU project.
GPL Agreement:
Richard M. Stallman founded the free software system GNU in 1984 and drafted the General Public License (GPL). The success of Linux today is due to the GPL agreement.
All free software under the GPL agreement follow Richard M. Stallman's "Copyle?" (non-copyright) principle: that is, free software allows users to freely copy, modify and sell, but any modification of its source code must be disclosed to all users public.
The GNU Project The
GNU Project and the Free Software Foundation FSF (the Free So?ware Foundation) were founded by Richard M. Stallman in 1984. Aim to develop a complete operating system similar to UNIX and free software.
By the early 1990s, the GNU project has developed many high-quality free software, including the famous emacs editing system, bashshell program, gcc series compiler, gdb Debugger and so on. These softwares create a suitable environment for the development of Linux operating system. This is one of the foundations on which Linux can be born, so much so that many people currently refer to the Linux operating system as the "GNU/Linux" operating system.
Linux system features
Open (open source), multi-user, multi-tasking, good user interface, excellent performance and stability, and the characteristics of
multi -user multi-tasking. Multi-user: multiple users, log on to the computer (operating system), allowing simultaneous Log in to multiple users to perform operations
. Multitasking: multiple tasks, allowing users to perform multiple operation tasks at the same time.
Note: Windows belongs to single-user multi-tasking, Linux belongs to multi-user multi-tasking
1.3. Application areas of Linux
Server system
Web application server, database server, game server, interface server, DNS, FTP, etc.;
Embedded systems
High-performance computing and computing-intensive applications such as routers, firewalls, mobile phones, PDAs, IP sharers, switches, and microcomputer controllers for home appliances
have powerful computing capabilities. IBM's Watson supercomputer uses the Linux system
Desktop application systems
Many desktop operating systems are also based on Linux
Mobile handheld system
Android system is based on Linux
1.4. Linux version
The Linux version inherits the Unix version customization rules, divided into kernel version and release version.
Kernel version: The kernel is a core. Other software is based on this core and cannot be used directly. The kernel version is unified at http://www.linux.org release
Release version: released by various Linux distributors, Linux distributors have the right to choose the Linux kernel version. Common Linux distributions:
RedHat, CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu
The kernel version is divided into a stable version and a development version. The distinction is based on the parity of the minor version. The odd number is the development version, and the even number is the stable version.
Debian
Debian runs extremely stable, which makes it very suitable for servers.
redhat:
This is the first Linux distribution for the commercial market. It has a server version and supports many processor architectures.
The world's largest Linux distribution manufacturer, with comprehensive and stable functions.
ubuntu:
Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian, focusing on its application in this market, which is very common on servers, cloud computing, and even some running mobile devices.
centos:
CentOS is an enterprise-level Linux distribution, which is rebuilt from the free source code in Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This refactored version completely removes the registered trademark and a very subtle change in the Binary package.
Fedora
Fedora is also a very good distribution, with a huge user forum, and a large number of software packages in the software library. Fedora also uses YUM to manage software packages.
Chapter 2 Installing Linux
2.1. Install virtual machine software
What is a virtual
VM (Virtual Machine) refers to a complete hardware system functions through software simulations run in a completely isolated intact environment computer system .
Commonly used virtual machines
Commonly used virtual machine software mainly includes: VMware Workstation, VirtualBox, Virtua* PC
VMware Workstation: is one of the commercial software products sold by VMware. The workstation software includes a virtual machine package for Intel x86 compatible computers, which allows users to create and run multiple x86 virtual machines at the same time
VirtualBox: VirtualBox is an open source virtual machine software . VirtualBox was developed by Innotek, Germany, and produced by Sun Microsystems. It was written in Qt and officially renamed Oracle VM VirtualBox after Sun was acquired by Oracle.
Virtua* PC: Microso? The latest virtualization technology. Mainly suitable for service of Microsoft's own products
My computer and virtual machine
2.2. Install Centos 7 system
2.3. Configure static IP
The purpose of configuring the network is mainly to fix the internal network IP of the virtual machine, so that we can use the Linux connection tool software to remotely connect in the real operating system.
1. Shut down the virtual machine
2. Click Edit, select the penultimate option "Virtual Network Editor", the following "Virtual Network Editor" window appears. Select the NAT mode, and note that the first three digits of the subnet IP are consistent with the gateway IP and DHCP network segment set by NAT.
Set up NAT
Set DHCP scope
3. Enter the operating system to configure the network card information
Excuting an order
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
Save and exit
esc退出
:wq 保存退出4. Restart the execution command to restart the network card service
systemctl restart network5. Check if the IP has changed
命令: ip addr
6. Test whether the network is connected
ping www.baidu.com
The network is connected.
2.4. Take a snapshot of the virtual machine
The snapshot is actually the restore point, and we set the snapshot. In the future, if it is broken by us, you can quickly restore it to the previous state!
VMware snapshot
2.5. Install remote connection tool
1 Remote terminal command tool
The main function is to remotely send commands to the Linux system
Xshell: At present, it is best to use
SecureCRT: Fee-paying
Putty: Maintenance has been stopped long ago, and many things are poorly supported. But because of the habit, many people still support
2.XManager tool
1) The installation process is relatively simple Next step
2) Configure the host address
3) Enter username and password
4) xshell work style configuration
5) Use of xftp tool
xftp window operating system and centos system to transfer files
