We want to learn to use Linux system in two ways:
1. Install dual system 2. Install virtual machine
Compared with the dual system, the virtual machine has the following advantages:
1. It does not affect the functions of windows itself, is easy to switch, and is convenient to use
2. The system is simple and avoids the consideration of driver adaptation when installing the dual system.
3. The suspend function of the virtual machine can save the state at any time so that it can be continued at a convenient time, which is not possible with dual systems.
4. The virtual machine can create a cluster of several or even dozens of virtual machines, but dual systems cannot.
RedHat is currently the most used Linux operating system in the world. Below I will introduce a tutorial for installing RedHat Linux8.0 using VMware Workstation 15.5.1.
Tools/Materials
- VmWare Workstation15.5.1
address: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1KIpaJNQJPcfsr-V-nu-CXg
extraction code: o8b0 - RedHat Linux 8.0
mirror address: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1TYCbPsOLHPcx4-C5B3wXtQ
extraction code: d716
Install VMWare Workstation
VMWare Workstation is one of the indispensable software for computer system integration practitioners. Through virtualization, the software fully taps the potential of the operating system, enabling us to install multiple operating systems on one computer without affecting each other.
Installation steps:
1. After downloading VMware-workstation-full-15.5.1-15018445, unzip it to the specified folder. Double-click to open the .exe file.
2. Follow the picture all the way next
3. Installation is complete
Install redhat
1. Select the appropriate version to download according to the download address
2. Double-click to open VMWare, and click to create a new virtual machine
Choose custom installation, you can customize the installation according to our needs.
There is no need to select the virtual machine compatibility section. By default, click Next to
find the redhat image file we downloaded, and select the installation program CD image file.
Name the virtual machine and select the installation location.
3. Complete the installation and start the virtual machine you created.
Basic knowledge literacy
1. What is an operating system?
A computer without an operating system is usually called a bare metal.
If you want to run your own program on bare metal, you must write the program in machine language.
If the computer has an operating system installed, you can install a supported high-level language environment on the operating system and develop programs in high-level languages.
The main job of the operating system is to directly deal with the hardware and encapsulate it into one system call after another for direct access by other programmers.
2. Mainstream operating systems in different application fields.
Four categories:
1) Desktop operating system
2) Server operating system
3) Embedded operating system
4) Mobile device operating system
2.1 Desktop operating system
windows: There are many applications and a large user group. The safety and stability are poor.
macos: based on unix, it has very good security and stability, provides a very good development environment for programmers, and is suitable for developers.
linux: Less application software, more suitable for server and embedded fields.
2.2 Server operating system
What is a server?
The so-called server is a computer from the hardware level, and the operating system installed on the computer from the software level. The daily management method is to remotely log in to the server through software for management and maintenance.
linux: safe, stable, completely free
windows server: low market share, paid
2.3 Embedded operating system The
so-called embedded development is the development of smart hardware, smart robots, smart homes and so on.
linux
2.4 mobile device operating system
ios
android (based on linux)
3. What is a virtual machine?
Virtual machine refers to a complete computer system with complete hardware system functions that is simulated by software and runs in a completely isolated environment.
The system installed on the virtual machine has exactly the same functions as the real operating system.
After entering the virtual system, all operating systems are performed in this brand new independent virtual system. You can install and run software independently, save data, and have your own independent desktop without any impact on the real system.
4. A brief history of the development of popular science operating system
1.unix
Ken Thompson wrote the first UNIX operating system in B language in 1970.
In 1972, Dennis M. Ritchie designed a new language, C language, based on the B language.
In 1973, the main body of the C language was completed, and Thompson and Ritchie used the C language to rewrite the UNIX operating system.
In 1979, the open source of Unix was restricted. In order to teach students the details of the operation of the operating system in class, Professor Andrew S. Tanenbaum developed an operating system compatible with Unix, minix.
2. liunx Linus
tried to do some development work in minix in 1991, because minix is only suitable for teaching and its functions are not strong. It developed the first Linux kernel.
5. Linux kernel and release version
5.1Linux
kernel There is only one Linux kernel.
The kernel (Kernel) is the heart of the system. It is the core program for running programs and managing disks and printers. It provides an abstraction layer between bare metal devices and applications.
5.2Linux distribution
Linux distributions usually include application software such as desktop development, office suites, media players, and databases. Common distribution versions are as follows:
Ubuntu
RedHat
Fedora
openSUSE
Linux Mint
Debian
Manjaro
Mageia
CentOS
Arch
6. Linux system structure
Popular science: What are single-user operating systems and multi-user operating systems?
Single-user operating system: refers to a computer can only be used by one user at the same time, and one user alone enjoys all the hardware and software resources of the system.
· Versions before Windows XP are single-user operating systems.
Multi-user operating system: A computer can be used by multiple users at the same time, and multiple users share all the hardware and software resources of the system.
·The original intention of Unix and Linux is a multi-user operating system.
1. The file system under windows
opens the computer, what we see is a drive letter one by one, each drive has its own root directory structure, thus forming a situation of multiple trees side by side, as shown in the figure:
2. File system
under Linux Under redhat, we can't see these drive letters, what we see are folders. Redhat does not have the concept of a drive letter, only a root directory /, all files are under it. So the Linux file system is an inverted tree structure.
3. Linux main directory quick reference table
